1、Oils and Delicacies(1) Journey of Edible Oil Discovery1) Journey of Edible Oil Discovery Edible oil refers to lipid that is used for food processing which can be of animal or plant origins. Lipid that exists in liquid form under room temperature is known as oil and known as fat when it existsin soli
2、d form. Colloquially referred to as oil. Conventional edible oils are mostly vegetable oils: Edible oils provide the essential fatty acids and vitamins needed by the human body and make the foodtaste delicious. It has very long history in China, started in ancient Chinese civilization. According to
3、historical records, different types of animal oils were consumed during the differentseasons: In spring, beef tallow was used to fry lamb and pork; In summer, dog fat was used to fry pheasant and dried fish; In autumn, lard was used to fry calf and fawn; In winter, mutton tallow was used to fry fish
4、 and wild goose.Soybean oilRapeseed oil Peanut oil Palm Oil Rice oil Corn Oil Olive OilCamellia seed oilSunflower seed oilSesame OilFlaxseed oil1) Journey of Edible Oil Discovery Vegetable oils emerged after the Han Dynasty. Sesame was imported from the western region to the Central Plainsand due to
5、 its high oil content, it gradually gained affinity and wasconsumed by the people. In the book “Si Min Yue Ling, the cultivation and trading ofsesame seeds were mentioned several times. This showed the importance of sesame and reflected their role indaily life. Plant oil was used for lighting purpos
6、es or as combustible material during war time. Sesame oil might be the first to appear in large quantities and consumed. Sesame oil was used in large amount during the era of the Three Kingdoms. Consumption of vegetable oils was even more common after theSong Dynasty and the variety also increased.
7、Shen Kuos Meng Xi Bi Tan mentioned that “The northernpeople like to fry using sesame oil and regardless of anything,everything is fried”. At that time, northern population like to consume fried foods. The yield of vegetable oil during the Song Dynasty was high andcan be used for taxation purposes.Po
8、undingPressing Water substitution Grinding Since the Ming Dynasty, there are more types of vegetable oils, and there are many records on thesystematic oil production methods and the application of various vegetable oils. “Fats and Oil Products in Tian Gong Kai Wu described in detail the oil yield fr
9、om different oilseeds andthe technique used for producing oil.1) Journey of Edible Oil DiscoveryThey have similar processingprinciples as the modern edibleoil processing methods. Peanut oil has been introduced as an edible oil during the Qing Dynasty and is stillnow being consumed among the Chinese
10、community. According to an examination record named “Xu Wen Xian Tong Kao” from themid or late Qing Dynasty, main sources of vegetable oils: Legumes (yellow beans, green beans, black beans) Cotton seeds, peanuts, rapeseed, sesame, flaxseed, camellia seed, basil,anise, walnut and etc. Since the emerg
11、ence of vegetable oil in the history of China, they have been incorporated into daily diets,while animal oil is also still being used. However, the consumption ratio of vegetable oil is increasing due to its variety, high yield and wideapplication. Palm tree was originated from West Africa and was i
12、ntroduced to Malaysia in1870, as ornament plants and was then commercially cultivated in 1917. The modified trees are now widely cultivated in the tropical regions inAfrica, Latin America and Southeast Asia. Indonesia and Malaysia are now the two largest palm oil producers. Palm oil is extracted fro
13、m the palm fruits obtained from the palm trees. Through fractionation, palm oil of different melting profiles consisting of thesolid and liquid fractions can be obtained. Palm oil has good oxidative stability and is rich in nutrients. It is widely used in the food industry:1) Journey of Edible Oil D
14、iscoveryPalm FruitPalm TreePalm OilPalm Fruit Boiling Crushing PressingCrude Palm OilCrude Palm Oil RefiningRefined palm oilFree fatty acidNatural pigmentsRefined palm oilCrudepalm oilremoveOdorBaking fats for breads and biscuitsFrying oil for instant noodleand French Fries1) Journey of Edible Oil D
15、iscovery The olive tree is one of the oldest tree known to date. Originated more than six million years ago from the centraland eastern Mediterranean coast or the ancient Mesopotamiawhich is the location of three countries: Lebanon, Palestineand Syria. In the first century BC, olive oil was traded i
16、n theMediterranean region, which led to the introduction of olive oilinto the Roman Empire, and the reputation of olive oil waswidely spread. The Romans endeared olive oil, they divided olive oil into fivegrades according to the oil quality. Olive oil was also greatly valued by the Roman emperors as
17、they demanded people from the ruled territories to pay taxesusing olive oil. At certain time, the olive tree cultivation in Rome declined andstarting from the second century, Rome had to import olive oilfrom Spain. Until the industrial revolution in late 19th or 20th centuries,olive oil was exported
18、 on large scale especially during theblooming of the canning industry in Great Britain and France.1) Journey of Edible Oil Discovery1. Under room temperature, lipids exist in the form of liquid is known as oil whereas it is known as fatwhen it is in solid form. Colloquially, lipid is also known as o
19、il.2. China has a very long history of edible oil consumption. The ancient methods of producing vegetableoils included pressing, water substitution, grinding, and pounding. They are basically similar inprinciple to the types and processing methods of modern lipid technologies.3. In China, the main vegetable oils sources are legumes, rapeseed, flaxseed, sesame, peanuts and etc.SummaryReferences, Learning Materials1. 食用油，百度百科2. 中国食用油的发展史，百度百科3. 棕榈油的发展历史，北京网库信息技术股份有限公司4. 橄榄油传播发展史，新浪博客
