1、crime,PositiveObey/abide by/comply with the lawCombat crimeDrive up the crime rateRespect prisoners rightsReform/rehabilitate prisonersEducate prisonersMaintain social orderEnsure social stabilityResist temptationRefrain fromRelease sb.,negativeBreak /violate/disregard the lawCondone crimeLower the
2、crime rateViolate prisoners rightsAbuse prisonersPhysically punish prisonersDisturb social orderThreaten social orderSuccumb to temptationBe addicted toKeep s.b in jail,（图表说明）,Insight Derived from Data in Tables / Graphs,通过对图表中数据或信息的观察和分析, 阐明其内涵或规律性的东西,实现图文并茂。,（划线部分可替换）,下一页,上一页,写作模式（图表说明）,1) A close
3、r / deeper / careful study of the data / information, as shown in the table / graph / diagram, can help derive from them / it much food for thought. (段首句) 2) According to my own lights, one insight / truth gleaned from the changes is that (图表说明I) 3), as confirmed,Back,（划线部分可替换）,下一页,上一页,in the table,
4、. (进一步阐明) 4) Another insight / truth obtained from the data is that. (图表说明II) 5), as is known to all, . (进一步阐明) 6) And perhaps the most established insight / truth deduced from the changes is that. (图表说明III) 7) lies not merely with but also with. (进一步阐明) 8) As the experts point out, will be literall
5、y descriptive / characteristic of. (结尾句),Back,下一页,上一页,Changes in the Decisive Factors of Wars,通过对表格中数据的分析,阐明战争决定因素变化的内含,Back,Changes in the Decisive Factors of Wars,下一页,上一页,Changes in the Decisive Factors of Wars,1) A closer study of the changes in decisive factors of wars, as shown in the table, ca
6、n help derive from them much food for thought. 2) According to my own lights, one truth gleaned from the changes is that the manpower holds much less sway of the modern wars than it used to. 3) In the WWI, as confirmed in the table, the outcome of a warfare would be weighted in favor of the side who
7、se manpower was superior to that of the other,Back,下一页,上一页,side; but in modern wars, the dominating positionof manpower is greatly weakened with the development of high-tech weapons. 4) Another truth obtained from the data is that conventional weapons have given way to high-tech weapons in holding t
8、he balance between superiority and inferiority in a modern war. 5) In the Gulf War of 1991, as is known to all, Iraq, though superior in the number of conventional weapons to USA and its allies, sustained a defeat in the end.,Back,6) And perhaps the most established truthdeduced from the changes is
9、that any nation, big or small, will be subject to war if she is heedless of the modernization of her military forces. 7) This modernization lies not merely with the increase of high-tech content in effective weapons but also with the adjustment of the military personnels abilities to the demand of m
10、odern wars. 8) As the experts point out, future wars will be literally descriptive of national strength in the frontiers of science and technology.,上一页,THE END,Back,How to Write a Pact/Agreement,Written agreements are legal and binding documents that define the obligations of all parties involved, w
11、hether it be for a project, good or service. As such, they provide an indisputable record of the agreed upon terms. The law gives great weight to an agreement should disagreements arise later. A written agreement can protect your interests. There are many types of business agreements, but these are
12、the fundamental items to consider when writing any agreement.,Pact and rulePact and rule（公约和规章）Pact（公约）即一定范围内的公共约定的书面形式，是有关人员就某一事情和几件事情经过集体讨论和商议，并征求其他人员的意见后，根据国家的本单位的有关规定，把大家一致达成的意见和打算，指定成的一些准则，这些准则须共同遵守，执行，并随时检查实施情况Rule（规章）与公约相仿，它也是以明文规定的形式要求有关人员就某一事项须遵守，执行的条文规章也是要经过有关人员的讨论，征求其他人员的意见后，根据国家和本单位的有关规定
13、，制定出来的公约和规章的区别在于：公约是对内的，即公约的制定者也就是公约的执行者，而规章是对外或所有相关人员的，它的制定者和执行者是分离的所以在写作中要注意行文上的区别,The content of Pact & Rule1. Title要清晰明确地写出是有关什么事项的公约或规章，该事项的表述既要涵盖有关的主要内容，又要概括，简洁如：Service Pact of Government Functionaries(国家机关工作人员服务公约), Regulations for Hotel Guest(旅客住宿规定).2. Body以分条形式列出，每一条只包含一个内容，但可以涉及同一内容的几个方面
14、写正文时要注意分列内容之间的逻辑顺序，一般是按照事理的逻辑顺序写，要使每条条文的内容在逻辑意义上互相并列3. signature and date制订的单位及公约或规章的日期,The language of Pact & Rule.Imperatives条文多用祈使句不论公约或规章都是要人遵守的事项，故多用祈使句如：keep quiet and pay attention to cleanliness, Be modest and prudent, guard against arrogance and rashness.2. Passive Voice如果用主动语态与You合作，会显得呆板，
15、单调如：All hotel rules and regulations must be conscientiously complied with. Firearms and ammunition brought along by guests must be submitted to the local security organ.(携带枪支弹药的，必须上缴当地的公安机关),.complete & authoritative statement句子意义须完整，往往不与前后的句子相联系，以示其清晰的完整性和严肃的权威性措辞上要做到：清晰，严密，平实，朴素,Rules Of The Readi
16、ng Room1. Read and study seriously and be concerned about world affairs.2. Keep quiet and pay attention to cleanliness.3. Do not talk or laugh loudly; do not smoke or eat; do not litter the floor with waste paper.4. Spit only in the place designated.5. Produce your student card or identity card when
17、 borrowing books. Borrow only three books at a time.,6. Protect public property. Do not scribble on the pages of books to tear them out. Pay the cost price for any damages done.7. Do not move the desks or chairs about. Close the windows when leaving.8. Let the readers and librarians help each other
18、and jointly run the reading room well.,Service Pact Of The Workers And Staff Members Of Tian An HotelTo make the domestic and foreign guests satisfied, to develop the friendship with the foreign friends, and to do a good job of running our hotel, we, workers and staff members, after serious discussi
19、on, have worked out the following service pact:1.Serve the domestic and foreign guests well, receive them warmly.2. Be ever ready to respond, ever ready to serve.,3. Be good guides to the foreign guests and help them to have a pleasant stay.4. Strive hard to become proficient in professional work an
20、d ever improve the quality of service.5. Warmly welcome valuable suggestions and opinions from the guests. All workers and staff members of TianAn Hotel May 18, 2010,Regulations for Hotel Guests1. When registering for lodging, the guest should produce his passport, identity card or other certificate
21、s and correctly fill the registration form as stipulated.2. All hotel rules and regulations must be conscientiously complied with.3. No visitors are allowed to stay overnight in private. Offering the bed to others is forbidden. Guests of reserved rooms lodging outside temporarily must inform the hot
22、el beforehand.,4. Inflammables, explosives, strong poisons, radioactive objects and other dangerous objects are strictly prohibited to be brought into the hotel. Guests are not allowed to use electric stove or cooker, gas or kerosene stove or other cooking utensils in the hotel.5. Firearms and ammun
23、ition brought along by guests must be submitted to the local public security organ and put in its custody except that they have to be carried on the person.,6. Excessive drinking, fighting, prostitution, adultery, drug taking, group gambling, spreading and showing obscene and superstitious books, pa
24、inting, sound recording and video recording and other illegal and criminal activities are strictly forbidden.7. Stalls and stands for selling goods in the hotel, making loud noise, disturbing public order and interfering with the guests rest in the hotel are forbidden.,8. Valuables and cash must be
25、entrusted to the hotel, otherwise the owner will have to assume sole responsibility for their loss.9. Hotel guest must comply with the regulations of public order administration and obey the inspection of security officers and hotel security personnel, and help maintain the hotel public order.10. Pe
26、rsons violating the regulations will be punished in accordance with the law according to the degree of the seriousness of the case. The Public Security Department of Hubei Province Oct.10, 2010,宿舍卫生公约为了创造一个好的生活环境，我们全体室友经过认真讨论，特制定以下卫生公约：.自觉保持宿舍清洁，爱护地面，墙面，天花板及宿舍环境的整洁.起床后即整齐地叠好自己的被褥，漱口杯，毛巾等放置在规定的地方自习结束
27、后自觉将书籍等物放回本人的书柜.纸屑，果皮及其它废品污物仍入废纸篓或室外的垃圾箱不随地吐痰，不乱涂墙面.每次入厕和洗澡后，自觉冲洗便器和浴池.不在室内私自架设电线，不安装学校禁止的电器.除学校规定的招贴画外，不擅自在墙面上张贴图片或其他纸张.每天有一个人值日负责宿舍卫生，值日次序按床位号值日生的职责是：扫地，拖地板各一次，擦书桌，窗台等.每月集体大扫除一次，其内容为打扫室内外环境，擦窗，拖地等 宿舍全体室友 11，5，,Pact of Dormitory SanitationIn order to create a good living condition, we, all the room
28、mates, after serious discussion, have worked out the following pact of dorm. sanitation:1.Keep cleanliness of the dorm. Conscientiously. Take good care of tidiness of the floor, the wall, the ceiling and dorm. environment.2. Fold up ones quilt neatly after getting up. Put the tooth-glass, towel and
29、so on to the place stipulated. After self-study , put back ones books and other materials to ones own bookcase conscientiously.,3. Throw the waste-paper, peel and other waste materials into the waste-paper basket or into the dustbin outside the dorm. Spit only in the place designated. Do not scribbl
30、e on the wall.4. After washing your hands or having a bath, clean the night stool or the bath pool conscientiously.5. Do not take the liberty of setting up the electric lines. Do not install the electrical equipments forbidden by the school.,6.Do not post up drawing and other paper on the wall excep
31、t the posters the school authority stipulates.7. Be on duty for one roommate everyday for the dorm. Sanitation. The order of the duty is according to the bed number. The scope of the duty is : to sweep and mop the floor once, to wipe the desks, the windowsill and so on.8. All the roommates have a thorough cleanup every month. The contents of the thorough cleanup are: to clean the surroundings inside and outside, wipe the window, mop the floor and so on. The roommates of the dorm.201 May.10 2011,
