1、Breakthrough CET-6 Composition (1),英语写作学习思路,评分原则与标准 命题范围及预测话题 写作策略(整体 细节)-文章整体构建-段落展开(主题句、过渡手法)-词汇与句型的运用-常见的错误 模版与练习,评分原则与标准,2分 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 5分 基本切题,表达思想不够清楚,连贯性差,有较多的严重语言错误。 8分 基本切题,有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯,但语言错误较多,其中有少量的严重错误。 11分 切题,表达思想清楚文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 14分 切题,表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,
2、基本上无语言错误。,命题范围,环境 科技 教育 家庭 文化,生活 社会 娱乐 经济 国际问题,历年英语六级写作考试题目,2011-06 The Certificate Craze 2010-12 对高校排名的看法 2010-06 关于近年来在学校中出现了忽视中文的现象 2009-12 should parents send their kids to art classes? 2009-06 有人认为名字很重要,也有人认为无关紧要, 我认为 2008-12 How to improve students mental health 2008-06 Will e-books replace tr
3、aditional books ? 2007-12 Digital age 2007-06 Should one expect a reward when doing a good deed? 2006-12 The Celebration of Western Festivals 2006-06 Traveling Abroad (based on a chart),2011年12月英语六级预测话题作文汇总,大学生村官 大学生不允许结婚 军训 买彩票 养宠物 买车 出国留学 黄金周制度 考研热,Internet Water Shortage 大学生心理 传统与现代 是否找专业相关工作 创业或
4、就业 Say “No” to Plagiarism 学历造假,英语六级常用写作模式,(一) 现象解释型 (二) 问题解决型 (三) 对比选择型 (四) 观点论证型,怎样建构全文,一般包括一个开头段、一至两个扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。 可以根据个人习惯拟定提纲,明确写作框架,常常由23个小观点从不同侧面支持主旨观点。,怎样写开头段,开头段一定要语言精练,并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨,具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。一般在开头段写四、五句即可。 开头段的作用:概括陈述主题,提出观点或论点,表明写作意图。,开头应该避免的若干问题,开头偏离主题太远; 使
5、用抱歉或埋怨之词句; 内容不具体,言之无物; 使用不言自明的陈述。,开头方法,主题句法 提问法 引语法 数据法 背景法,开头方法:主题句法,开篇点明主题,用主题句,然后围绕主题内容进行发展。例如: Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for ones
6、career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.,开头方法:提问法,提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题,然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。例如: What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work-based friendships?
7、The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides more than material things.,开头方法:引语法,使用一段名人名言,或人们常用的谚语、习语,以确定文章的写作范围和方向。例如: “Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them
8、.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.,开头方法:数据法,使用具体详实的数字或数据,然后作出概括性分析,指明问题的症结所在。例如: In the past 5 years, there has been a marked decline
9、 in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.,开头方法:背
10、景法,给出背景,描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等,例如: Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare
11、in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern.,课堂写作实战(1),The Rise of “Shanzhai Culture”最近兴起了一股”山寨热”; 为什么会出现”山寨文化”; 我的观点。,正文展开方法,列举法 因果法 例证法,正文展开方法:列举法,用来列举一系列的原因、方法等等,使文章层次分明,眉清目秀,阅卷老师在疲惫不堪的状态下,看到这样的文章,往往会有种在清澈的小溪边小憩片刻的感觉,手一抬,
12、分就高。下面这篇例文写的是“健身的几种方法”,脉络一目了然。例文如下: There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. First, no matter how busy we are, we should have exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, it is important to keep good hours. For example, if we are in the habit of going to bed early and getting up early
13、, we can avoid overworking ourselves and get enough sleep. Finally, entertainment is also necessary so that we may have some moments of relaxation. If we follow those instructions, we will certainly be in good health.,正文展开方法:因果法,The hamburger is the most popular food item in the United States. Every
14、 year Americans consume billions of them. They are sold in expensive restaurants and in humble diners. They are cooked at home on the kitchen stove or over a barbecue grill in the backyard. Why are they so popular?First, a hamburger is extremely easy to prepare. It is nothing more than a piece of gr
15、ound beef, cooked for a few minutes. Then it is placed in a sliced bun. Nothing could be simpler. Even an unskilled cook can turn out hundreds of them in an hour. Besides that, the simple hamburger can be varied in many ways. You can melt some cheese on top of the beef to create a cheeseburger.,正文展开
16、方法:例证法,这是议论文最常用的方法,尽量找最能体现观点的例子,具体点,微观点,给人说服力。请看下面作者论证“不劳无获”的观点,用的是拳击运动的例子。例文如下: The saying “No pains, no gains” is universally accepted because of the plain yet philosophical moral teaches: if one wants to achieve something, he has to work and tolerate more than others. The saying is true of any pu
17、rsuit man seeks. A case in point is boxing. While we heap cheers on the winner, few happen to imagine that his gold belt is won at the cost of his sweat, tears, blood, even life over years before the arrival of that exciting moment.,过渡词附加信息,过渡词展现事例,过渡词时间过渡,过渡词强调原因,过渡词强调结果,过渡词阐明目的,过渡词表示转折,过渡词比较对照,过渡词
18、练习1,Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance. _ if a creature is extinguished or an alien(相异的) species introduced, _ the ecology of the distric
19、t will be upset. _, the balance of nature will be disturbed.,but,then,In other words/ That is,过渡词练习2,Jane and Karen have many things in common. _, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the West, _ so was Karen. _, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects. Ja
20、ne likes French, history, and English. _, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. _, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. _, Karen wishes to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.,To begin with,and,Next,Similarl
21、y,Furthermore,However,过渡词练习3,Television presents a vivid world in front of us. _, TV can keep us informed of what is happening throughout the world. _, with a TV set at home, we can visit a great many tourist attractions in different countries. _, TV brings various forms of entertainments to our hom
22、es such as sports competitions, concerts. The pictures on TV look so real that we feel as if the events were taking place right before our eyes.,For example,Also,Besides,过渡词练习4,If higher education is industrialized, the scales of education will be enlarged, more teachers and professors will teach in
23、 universities and colleges, _ more students will study there. _, the current pressure of employment will be lessened. If higher education is industrialized, the education input will rise. Teachers and professors can work with favorable remuneration(报酬) and conditions. They will be devoted to teachin
24、g, _we will not worry about the brain drain(智囊流失). _ favorable result is that we can grant more scholarships to students and thus those poor but excellent students could continue their education. _, the equality in chances of education will be ensured.,and,Consequently,so/ and,Another,In this way,句子
25、的生动性,交错使用长短句 灵活使用多样句式 善用形象化语言 恰当使用英语习语,长短句交错的例子,I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me. When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under t
26、he door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.,灵活使用多样句式1,既可以用主动式也可以用被动式, 例如: Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.Today machines are widely used not only in ind
27、ustry but in other sectors of national economy as well. Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.It is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.,灵活使用多样句式2,既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式,
28、 例如: I shall go there unless it rains.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.,灵活使用多样句式3,某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面, 还可以用在中间, 例如: With a car,
29、 people can get around freely.People can get around freely with a car. In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of communication.Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.,灵活使用多样句式4,既可以是正常语序也可以是倒装语序, 例如: A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.A
30、mong the products on display was a new type of TV sets. We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis.,灵活使用多样句式5,既可以用简单句也可以用并列句或者主从复合句, 例如: Nowadays a lot of people work in office, spending
31、most of their time indoors.Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors. There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what
32、is going on in the world. The campus parking problem is getting worse. The university is not building any new garages.The campus parking problem is getting worse because the university is not building any new garages.,课堂写作实战(2),Craze for Civil Service Examinations现在有越来越多的大学毕业生报考公务员; 引起此现象的原因; 你的看法。,
33、范文赏析:第一段,每年,数以万计的中国人参加各种层次的公务员考试,希望成为政府雇员,Every year hundreds of thousands of people in China take civil service exams conducted at various levels in the hope of becoming government employees. Among them, postgraduates are a fast-growing force that cant be ignored. The craze for being a civil servan
34、t is not limited to liberal arts majors, as its also gaining popularity among science and engineering students.,范文赏析:第二段,In the final analysis, this growing trend among the youngsters is mainly attributable to two factors ambitions and comforts. On one hand, many ambitious college graduates view the
35、se exams as a springboard to a higher social status, greater power and prestige, on which many of their other wishes rest. On the other, as being a civil servant generally means a stable income, enviable healthcare and pension, as well as other comforts of life, its quite an appealing career option
36、to many people, especially in this age of sluggish world economy.,范文赏析:第三段,Personally, the desire to be a government official is beyond reproach, as the nation and the people do need an injection of new blood into the civil service sectors. The fresh-faced college graduates, armed with lofty ideals, new vision, and strong drive, are undoubtedly among the best candidates.,