1、语法课,浅谈英语语法教学的一些方法。一 分析语法的重、难点,有的放矢。一般根据学生学习英语最感困难的地方,来决定语法学习的重点和难点。学生最感困难集中表现在一致关系中:主语和谓语的一致、名词和数词的一致等。英语的一致关系通过词形变化来体现:名词在数(a book ,two books)上有词形变化;代词在人称(we ,they)、性(he ,she ,it)、数(I, we)和格(I, me ,my ,mine)上都有词形变化;动词在人称(I am ,you are ,she is)数(I study ,she studies)和时间(study ,studies, studying)上都有词
2、形变化,连形容词、副词和数词也有一定的词形变化。而由于汉语没有一致关系和词形变化的现象,说惯汉语的学生,在说英语时,容易以汉语习惯去套用英语,在一致关系上犯错误,如I is a students, He have to go home ,Give he a book ,This pen is her .要想使学生了解英语的一致关系和词形变化的道理,进行适当的讲解是必要的。但要学生熟练使用这些道理,光靠老师的讲解是不行的,重要是通过大量的听说读写的语言实践,在用中学,在学中通过反复操练,使他们建立一种语言习惯,才能逐步做到。二 利用直观手段讲解语法。如教形容词的比较等级时,可以拿三个大小不相同的
3、东西(apple),一个比一个大。一边问,一边答:A: Whats this?B: Its an apple.A: Which is bigger?B: The first one is bigger.B: Which is the biggest of all?B: The second one is the biggest of all. 三 语法教学与句型教学相结合。句型即句子结构,是从大量句子中概括出来的典型句式。语法教学应与句型教学相互配合,相互促进。先让学生掌握一定量的句型,是为学生学习语法提供感性材料,在句型操练的基础上,进而学习英语的词法和句法。在学习词法和句法时,又借助句型操
4、练,变语法知识为运用英语的能力。句型操练,都要通过重复、模仿、替换、转换、扩展、活用各项训练,这就为在语法教学中提供了精讲多练或不讲多练的机会。如在处理 There be 这个句型时,首先进行基本句型操练,例如: There is a river near a house.There are two boats in the riverThere is some milk in the bottle.There are some apples on the tree.There was only a student in the class yesterday evening.There we
5、re some apples on the tree last year.There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are some pencils and a pen in the pencil-box.然后进行形式填空:There _(be) an apple in the bag.There _ (b e) two cups of tea on the table.There _ (b e) a pen and some books in the bag.There _(be) a meeting last Wednesday.Ther
6、e _(be) a meeting tomorrow.最后进行句型转换练习:1. There is some milk in the bottle. (改为否定句、一般疑问句、并回答)2. There are some apples on the tree. (同上)3. There is some meat on the plate. (就划线提问)。四 单项练习与综合练习相结合。单项练习,如名词复数形式的练习、介词练习、冠词练习、名词所有格练习、单项填空练习等。这些练习属于机械性练习,在初学阶段,所学甚少,常常使用这种练习。随着知识面的增加,这种练习也可采用比较灵活的形式进行练习,以增加学
7、生练习的兴趣。如课本中的Read and act,是用朗读和表演对话的形式练习语法项目的。语法练习不能只停在单项练习上,因为单项练习很难把语言知识转化为言语技能。听、说、读、写四会能力的培养,仅靠单项语法知识是办不到的。听、说、读、写任何一项都包含着综合语言知识的运用,如I have to stay at home . 这一句简单的英语句子就包含了代词、情态动词和介词的语言的运用,一定要在单项练习的基础上,逐步过渡到综合性的练习上。单项练习是综合练习的基础,综合练习是单项练习的提高和综合运用,两者练习形式要紧密结合,互相补充,交替运用,以综合练习为主。总之,英语语法的教学要精讲多练,不要单纯的
8、讲解语法知识,要通过反复使用,反复操练基本句型,通过大量的语言实践,让学生自己发现语法现象,归纳规律,并让学生建立一种语言习惯。,找错,They is teachers.I am a students. I does some homeworks.I want drink a coffee.But I cannt.I won do my home work now.I want do fastest. Do you want to do some homworks?I homework is very easy.,1、是动词,am is are=beI He SheItWeYouThey,am
9、,is,are,Exercise1 She ( ) watching.2 We ( ) playing.3 ( ) you like speaking?4 I ( ) a boy.,is,are,Are,am,2、单数与复数,Exercise1 wife2 fish3 fox4 name,1 letter2 box3 knife4 sheep5 foot6 woman,s,es,knive,s,feet,wives,fish,foxes,names,women,3、助动词(do、does),He likes apples.,He likes apples.,does not,he likes
10、apples?,Does,?,do not,Does,Do,does not,4、可数与不可数,Exercise1 There is ( ) bag and ( ) books at home.2 I want ( ) water, but I dont want ( ) water.,a,many,some,much,5、缩写,Do not=DontI am=ImHe is =HesYou are=YoureCan not=CantHave not=Havent,Exercise1 she is2 they are3 does not4 has not,shes,theyre,doesnt,hasnt,6、some any,I want some water.,?,I dont want some water.,Do you want some water?,some,some,some,Any,7、主格宾格所有格,father,his father,he,I like him,My,me,our,We,