1、The Conclusion Section of a Research AritcleContents1. Introduction2. Moves in the conclusion section3. Types of conclusions4. Linguistic features of the conclusion section5. Lexical and phrasal signals in the conclusion section6. Reading practiceResults + DiscussionDiscussion + ConclusionResults +
2、Discussion + Conclusion1. IntroductionThe conclusion section is the final impression for the study, as a veryimportant part of the paper. It concludes the academic opinions basedon the experimental results and theoretical analysis. What is concludedin this final part is always corresponding to those
3、 in the introductionsection, where what is to be researched is introduced and in theconclusion, what has been achieved is introduced by drawing ageneralization arising from the discussion of the results, a look at theimplications of the findings for practice, accepted theoreticalmodels/paradigms, so
4、 as to indicate the overall importance of theresearch to the field and in some theses, to make recommendations forfuture practice, or future research.2. Moves in the conclusion sectionMove 1: Summarizing the studyMove 2: Evaluating the studyStep 1: Indicating significance/ advantageStep 2: Indicatin
5、g limitationMove 3: Deductions from the researchStep 1: Recommending further studyStep 2: Drawing implications3. Types of conclusions Thesis-oriented conclusion Field-oriented conclusionThesis-oriented conclusion focuses mainly on the thesis itself begins with a restatement of purpose ends with a su
6、mmary of findings and claimsField-oriented conclusion focuses mainly on the field contributes to the general fieldE.g.:In conclusion, as industrialization increases, the amount of wastematerial product is also on the increase, which can causeenvironmental damage and consequently have an effect on hu
7、manhealth. Scale and steel chips are one such form of waste. To safe-guard the environment and human health, the development of newtechniques for recycling and reusing industrial waste would be usefulfor minimizing the environmental impact of these activities. Besidesenvironmental benets, test resul
8、ts indicate that scale and steel chipsare suitable for use as natural sand replacement in the production ofa new shielding concrete to counter X-ray radiation. Producedconcrete shows better performance and can therefore be used as analternative to conventional concrete in radiation attenuationactivi
9、ties.4. Linguistic features of the conclusion section1) The choice of verb tensespresent tense: implying the general conclusionfuture tense: implying the future workpast tense: indicating the tentative results of the present studyshowing the limitations of the present studyPast tense to describe the
10、 results(1) In this study, MAbs were produced against FMDVO/JPN/ 2000, A15 TAI (1/60), and Asia 1 Shamir (ISR 3/89),and MSD-ELISAs were developed. (2) The problem of FMDVanti-genic diversity was resolved by using MAbs (1H5 and71F2) that were able to detect multiple serotypes of FMDV.(3) Further-more
11、, the specificities and sensitivities of theMSD-ELISAs were improved by using serotype-specificMAbs (70C4, 16C6, and 7C2) as antigen-detectingantibodies.Present tense to describe the conclusion（ 4） In conclusion, as industrialization increases, the amountof waste material product is also on the incr
12、ease, which cancause environmental damage and consequently have an effecton human health.Future tense to describe the future work（ 5） In future studies, we intend to examine more varieties oftype A strains, because type A strains have wide antigenicvariations within the same serotype. （ 6） In additi
13、on, thesecombinations of MAbs will be able to be applied to otherdiagnostic methods (e.g., the immunochromatographymethod), as well.2) Subjective mood“ may” or “might” ：showing the inferences, the implications and possible applications.“ should” “could” “would” : presenting suggestionsE.g.:(7) Chang
14、es occurring due to insects and pathogens may be anatural and necessary phenomenon (Castello et al. 1995). (8)Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes mightprovide additional useful information to be used inunderstanding the oak regeneration problem.5. Lexical and phrasal signals in th
15、e conclusion section1) Lexical signals for indicating a conclusion Above all Accordingly As a consequence As a result2) Lexical and phrasal signals for restating hypothesis: It was anticipated The theory led us to infer In line with this performance These results support our claim that. Experiments
16、reported in the paper confirmed that.3) Lexical and phrasal signals for suggesting implications suggest imply assumption provide evidence lead us to believe our research lends support to the findings of this study suggest that 4) Lexical and phrasal signals for reflecting on limitations One major li
17、mitation of The findings of the study need to be viewed with several limitations in mind. .are still subject to further research. Indeed, more research is needed to find out 5) Lexical and phrasal signals for indicating the future prospect It can be expected that should be further explored/ investig
18、ated. It is necessary to make / carry out/ conduct/deeper study on. Further study is to be done6. Reading practice（ 1） Overall, our study has revealed a variety of patterns at the communityand population levels, none of which seem to indicate obvious decline insoutheastern Ohios oak-hickory forests.
19、 (2) Clearly, sporadic insectoutbreaks, pathogens , and climatic events have caused excessive mortality ofcertain species in certain stands . (3) Some stands exhibited mortality as highas 40%. (4) However, an average of 20% dead stems in a stand appears to bereasonable without inferring excessive mo
20、rtality or decline. (5) Likewise,certain species were in an obvious state of decline, but these generally have aclear pathogenic explanation. (6) Changes occurring due to insects andpathogens may be a natural and necessary phenomenon (Castello et al. 1995).(7) Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes might provideadditional useful information to be used in understanding the oakregeneration problem.Thanks!
