1、,The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,现在完成时的构成形式,have /has + Vpp,否定,疑问,haventhasnt,Have you?Has he?,1.规则动词2.不规则动词,finish-finished-finishedlive-lived-livedcarry-carried-carriedstopstopped-stopped,gowentgonesee-sawseenforgetforgot-forgotten,.肯定句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。,现在完成时态的句式：,.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分
2、。,3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分词其他成分？,4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？,肯定句：I have cleaned my bedroom.,否定句：I havent cleaned my bedroom.,一般疑问句：Have you cleaned your bedroom?,特殊疑问句：What have you done?,不规则动词过去分词的构成,1. 三个主要动词,is, ambe are,waswere,been,have/has,had,had,do/does,did,done,2. AAA型 （三者一致）,cut cut cut,let l
3、et let,put put put,cost cost cost,read read read,beat beat beat,hurt hurt hurt,3. ABA型 （过去分词与原形一致）,come came come,become became become,run ran run,4. ABB型 （过去分词与过去式一致）,bring brought brought,find found found,hear heard heard,keep kept kept,make made made,此外还有babysit，build，buy，catch，feed，feel，fight，fo
4、rget，hang，hold，lay，learn，leave，lie，lose，mean，meet，pay， say，,sell，send ，show，sit，sleep，spell，spend，stand，sweep，teach，tell，think, win 等等。,5. ABC型 （三者不一致）,eat ate eaten,give gave given,write wrote written,see saw seen,get got gotten,begin began begun,此外还有go, take, know, speak, swim等等。,现在完成时 ( have / ha
5、s + v-ed )1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常和 just, already, yet,等连用. (汉语常用“已经”“了”“过”来表达) 例如:(1) Tom has just turned off the light.(2) I have already finished my homework.(3) They havent heard from Sam yet.,1. already : “已经” 一般用在完成时态的肯定句中。 eg: I have already seen the film,already 与 yet 区别,2. already若用在疑
6、问句中，常表示吃惊 意外的语气。此时already常放在句末。 eg: Have you finished already? (我以为你没有做完，表示出乎意料。),3.yet ：“还”一般用在完成时态的 否定句和疑问句中。 eg: Have you found your ruler yet？ 你已经找到尺子了吗？,现在完成时 ( have / has + v-ed )2.表示从过去到现在之间的经历或经历, 常和 ever, never, before ，so far, once, twice, three times(表次数),in the past+一段时间等词连用. (汉语中常用“过”来表
7、示) 例如:(1) Have you ever visited the USA?(2) I have never been to a swimming pool.(3) He has flown to Los Angeles before.,多用于疑问句，问初次经历。,表否定含义,用于句末，表“之前”,一段时间的表达方法有两种:,注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.,He has been away since last week.,He has been away for seven days.,How long,for: + 段时间 for an hour for
8、two weeks,表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。,现在完成时与瞬间动词,瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：,1. He has left.,2. He has left for three years.,3. He has been away for three years.,1.直接转化成延续性动词 catch (get) a cold come/go /become get to know put on borrow /lend buy,have,have a cold,be,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,keep,know,动作变状态,wea
9、r,2.转化成 be + 名词 join the army/Party go to school,be a member of,be in,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,be a student,动作变状态,3. 转化成 be + adj /adv,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,动作变状态,dieleavefinish/endbegin/start close/opengo to sleepgo outwake upbecome interested in,be deadbe awaybe overbe onbe closed / openbe asleep / sleepybe outbe aw
10、akebe interested in,4.转化成 be + 介词短语 join the army/Party go to school arrive in/at,be a member of,be in,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,be in/at school,动作变状态,be in /at,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,He has studied English for five years.,He studied English for five year
11、s.,（学习英语已经五年了，现在仍然在学）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句,.我们买这本书三年了.,We have had the book for three years.,We bought the book three years ago.,他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,He caught a cold three days ago.,自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.,I have kept the book since last week.,我成为一个学生两年多了.,I hav
12、e been a student for over two years.,I borrowed the book last week.,I became a student two years ago., Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,小明参军半年了。,Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.,Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.,我们上了8年学了。,We
13、have been students for eight years.,下课10分钟了,The class has been over for ten minutes.,9.电影开始了一小时了,The film has been on for an hour.,现在完成时“三看三用”,一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.,二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何
14、时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：,Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.,三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.,注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需
15、要具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?,3. have / has been to have / has gone to have / has been in,在某地呆了多长时间,1. A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2. The Greens _China for three years.3. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.,has go
16、ne to,have been in,have been to,表示去过某地, 已经回来,表示去了某地, 还未回来,翻译下列句子,她曾经去过上海。,She has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海10年了。,He has been in Shanghai for ten years,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,EXERCISE,He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper
17、 already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,2. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written,3.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has
18、changed ; better . changed ; better,4.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,1. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just B. ago .before . a moment ago,C,5. These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone,6. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish,B,B,Goodbye,
