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unit2 healthy eating ⅳ grammar & writing 课件(人教必修3).ppt

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1、Section ,Unit 2,语法讲座,写作讲座,知识必备,专题练习,佳作观摩,技法指导,专题练习,情态动词(),1ought to的用法(1)表示责任和义务,意为“应该”,与should同义。You ought to be more careful when you cross the road next time.下次过马路时,你应该更小心些。You ought to work harder than your brother.你应该比你哥哥学习更努力。,点津ought to的否定形式为ought not to(oughtnt to),一般疑问形式是将ought提至句首,其否定答语通常用

2、dont have to或neednt。Ought he to see the doctor?他该去看医生吗?Yes, he ought to./No, he dont have to.是的,他该去。/不,他不必去。You ought not to make this kind of mistake again.你不应该再犯这种错误了。,(2)表示可能性,一般指较大的可能性,意为“按道理应该”。They ought to win theyve trained hard enough.他们应该能赢,他们训练得够刻苦的。If he started at six, he ought to be he

3、re now.要是他六点就出发的话,这会儿该到这里了。,2have to的用法have to 意为“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式和疑问形式需要借助助动词do。His mother is ill. He has to stay at home to look after her.他妈妈病了,他得待在家里照顾她。点津(1)have to 侧重客观需要,有时态、人称和数的变化;must强调说话人的主观看法。(2)have to的否定式为dont have to,表示“没有义务或没有必要做某事”,意为“不必”,常可以回答must提问的一般疑问句。而must的否定式mustnt表示“禁止

4、”。,I have to go now, for my mother is ill.现在我不得不走了,因为我妈妈生病了。I must stop smoking.我一定要戒烟。They dont have to buy a computer at present.他们目前没有必要买电脑。You mustnt come here without permission.未经允许,你不能来这儿。,考题印证1(2010湖南高考)You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.AmustBmustntChave to Ddont have to解析:选 。考查情态

5、动词的用法。句意:你没有必要买礼物,但如果你想买的话,你也可以买。dont have to意为“没有必要”,符合语境。故选D。,D,3need的用法(1)need作情态动词时,后跟动词原形,表示“需要,有必要”,无人称和数的变化,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。You neednt go there now.你现在不必去那儿。Need I go there now?我现在需要去那儿吗?,点津由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to,否定回答常用neednt。 Need I hand in my paper now?我现在需要交上论文吗?Yes, you must./No

6、, you neednt.是的,你必须。/不,你不需要。,考题印证2(2012天津高考)Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.Acouldnt BmustntCneednt Dwouldnt解析:选 。考查情态动词。句意:这里相当暖和,我们没有必要还开着暖气。neednt“不必”;couldnt“不能”;mustnt“禁止”;wouldnt“不肯;不会”。根据句意可知选C项。,C,(2)作为实义动词,同其他实义动词一样,可用于各种句式,有时态、人称、数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。You need to be ca

7、reful.你得小心些。You dont need to be so worried.你不必如此担心。Do I need to say my telephone number again?我还需要再说一遍电话号码吗?,点津当need作“需要”讲时,其后跟不定式的被动形式相当于跟v.ing的主动形式,在这一点上,与want和require作“需要”讲时一样。The house needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修葺。,4dare的用法(1)dare既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从

8、句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中,表示“敢”。I dare not walk through the wood at night.夜间我不敢在小树林里走。If you dare cheat in the exam, I will give you some punishment.如果你(们)敢在考试中作弊,我就惩罚你(们)。,Dare you ask him personally?你敢当面问他吗?How dare you ask me such a question?你怎么敢问我这个问题?(2)dare作实义动词时,在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。The children dont dare

9、(to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。,5情态动词have done结构的用法(1)musthave done表示对过去发生事情所作出的合理或确有把握的推测,“想必/准是/一定”,只用于肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/canthave done代替。From what you said, she must have told you all about it.从你所说的来看,她一定把一切都告诉你了。,(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中,用于表示对过去所发生事情的推

10、测。could have done用于肯定句时,表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。Mr Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。You made a mistake again; you could have been more careful.你又犯错了,你本能更仔细些的。,考题印证3(2012北京高考)We_ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?Ashou

11、ld face Bmight faceCcould have faced Dmust have faced解析:选 。考查情态动词。句意:我们本可以共同面对困难,可你为什么不告诉我呢?后半句用的是一般过去时,由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测,所以用“情态动词have done”形式。could have done表示“过去本可以做某事,而实际上却没有做”,符合句意。,C,(3)should (ought to) have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”,含有责备或遗憾的语气;其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。You should have done more exer

12、cise before.以前你应该多进行锻炼的。You shouldnt have let anyone else know the secret.你本不应该让其他任何人知道这个秘密的。,(4)need have done表示“本需要做而实际未做”;neednt have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。You need have done it instead of him yesterday.昨天你本需要代替他做那件事的。You neednt have told them about it.你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。,(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的

13、事情的推测,意思是“也许已经做了某事,可能已经做了某事”,多用在肯定句中,用might时表示语气更加不肯定。You might have read about it in the papers.你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。,考题印证441(2011全国卷)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. Awill Bcan Cmust Dshould,解析:选 。句意:他们本该午饭时到达,但他们的航班推迟了。will have done“将来可以完成”;can have done“可能做过”表示对过去行为的怀疑,

14、用于疑问 句;must have done“一定做过某事”,表示对过去事情的肯定推测;should have done“本来应该做某事,而实际没做 ”。but their flight was delayed 这样的结果,说明他们本 来该到达却没有到达,因此选D。,D,42(2010天津高考)Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt 解析:选 。考查情态动词。句意:迈克本来不必那么 匆忙的。这么高速驾驶之后,他提前半

15、个小时到达了。 根据后面的语境,提前半个小时到达,说明Mark本来不 必那么匆忙,所以用neednt have done结构,表示“本来 不必做某事而实际上做了”。,A,点此进入,英文广告写作,如今,“绿色生活”的理念已经深入人心,越来越多的城里人喜欢到郊区过周末。位于重庆市西部的西山农场(The West Hill Farm)就是一个绿色农场。在这里,人们可以享受大自然带来的乐趣。请根据下面的表格提示,写一篇英语短文宣传介绍一下西山农场。 注意:1.短文要包括表格中的所有提示内容; 2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3词数120150。,The West Hill Farm is loca

16、ted in the west of Chongqing.It is only 10 km away from the city area, and you can go there by bus.There are about two hundred people who are working on the farm.It has an area of about 53 hm2 and it is the second largest farm in Chongqing.On the farm many different animals are kept, such as pigs, c

17、attle, sheep and so on.Besides, there are more than twenty kinds of fruit of high quality like apples, pears and oranges here.Youre sure to find your favorite fruit from the farm and youre allowed to pick them up.Visitors also have the chance to go fishing, have a picnic and learn how to keep animal

18、s here. If you want to come to the farm, please call them at 02365734618.,第一段:简述西山农场的概况。第二段:联系方式。,亮点一:本文要点全面,语言得体,非常符合广告文体的特点。如句就充分体现了本文的文体特色。亮点二:较多地运用复杂句式,表明作者具有一定的写作功底。如句是一个限制性定语从句;句是并列句,且第二个分句运用了被动语态;句中的不定式结构作定语修饰chance,而“特殊疑问词不定式”结构充当learn的宾语等。亮点三:一些较高级词汇的灵活运用也体现出作者对词汇有非常好的掌握,如句中的of high quality

19、就是一个比较高级的介词短语,这里作后置定语。,如何写好英文广告 一则完整的广告通常包括标题、正文、广告语,有时还包括插图说明等。 1标题:广告标题不但要传递广告的主要信息,而且要有效吸引读者的注意力。2正文:(1)针对产品的名称、性能、功效、价格等进行符合客观事实的描述,增加说服性和情感性,重点是突出对产品特点和亮点的介绍。,(2)掌握消费者的心理需求,了解市场态势,以重点突出、简明易懂、生动有趣、具有号召力的语言进行传播,以便促成读者的购买行为。(3)说明销售地址或联系方式。3广告语:优秀的广告语往往能够为产品销售鸣锣开道,唤起读者注意,引发读者欲望,促成读者购买。,黄金表达,广告写作的常用

20、句型:1祈使句 这是出现最多的句型。Ask anyone who owns one.Please do not leave it too late.2一般疑问句通常用在广告的前面。Have you ever dreamed of ascending the steps of a great temple built to the gods?Can a tired, overworked voice command attention in class?,3省略句在英语广告中,省略句比比皆是,甚至整篇广告都由省略句构成。Ready for development. For sale. For m

21、anufacture. For business. For services.4比较级比较级在广告中用得非常多。The new Minolta Riva Zoom 105EX is the most compact camera in a very prestigious class.In short, the stronger your character, the brighter your future.,5直接引语在英语广告中多使用直接引语,一是使得广告显得形式活泼、新颖;二是可以增强说服力。“Through the NVQ initiative we have discovered talents and competencies we would never otherwise have known about,” says Ian McDermot of Philips Components in Blackburn.,点此进入,

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