1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修7,Robots,Unit 2,Section Learning about Language,Unit 2,.词汇过关1_n喜爱；感情_v影响2_v陈述；说明_n状态.短语自查1将放到一边_2从那时起_3除之外(还)，也；和_,affection,affect,state,state,set aside,from then on,as well as,.用所给词的适当形式填空1Its a great honour _(invite) to attend your wedding party.2The next thing _(do)
2、 is to clean the classroom.3The novel is said _(translate) into English.4I find the problem is very difficult _(solve)5The teacher left us a tot of homework _(do)6“Are there any more clothes _ (wash)？” asked mum.,7The little boy should love _(take) to visit the Great Wall.8Having a trip abroad is ce
3、rtainly good for the students, but it remains _(see) whether they will enjoy it.9The emperor ordered the magic cloth _ (weave) for him right away.10His father left the small village, never _(see) again.答案：1.to be invited2.to be done3.to have been translated4.to solve5.to do6.to be washed7.to be take
4、n8.to be seen9.to be woven10.to be seen,1.state vt.陈述n状况；形态；国家He stated his view on the subject.他陈述了他对该问题的看法。The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith.证人宣称她从未见过史密斯先生。There are fears for the state of the countrys economy.人们对国家的经济状况很担心。知识拓展statement nC陈述；声明。A government spokesperson made a
5、statement to the press.政府发言人向新闻界发表了一份声明。,活学活用完成句子(1)政府发表了一项声明，否认了这些谣言。The government has put out a_ denying these rumours.(2)他们的国家是由50个州组成的。Their country is comprised of 50_.(3)布什总统发表声明，要求伊拉克必须大规模撤军。President Bush_the Iraqis had to begin a large scale withdrawal.答案：(1)statement(2)states(3)stated,2af
6、fection n喜爱；爱；感情I have an affection for my children.我爱我的孩子们。I feel great affection for her, but she never shows any affection towards me.我对她怀着强烈的爱，但她从未对我表示过任何爱意。There is no affection between them.他们之间毫无感情。,知识拓展affect v影响affectionate adj.表示关爱的set ones affections on/upon sb.钟爱某人have an affection for/t
7、owards sb.喜欢某人,提示：表示“对的爱与喜欢”的表达方式还有：have a taste for爱好have an appetite for对有胃口；喜欢have a love for喜爱have a tendency for趋向于have a preference for偏爱,活学活用翻译句子(1)As we all know, everyone in the world has a need for affection._答案：我们大家都知道，每个人都有对感情的需要。,(2)她难以表现出关爱之情。_答案：She has difficulty showing affection.(3
8、)He obviously has a great affection for Hong Kong and its people._答案：很显然，他非常喜爱香港和那里的人们。,1.set asid将放在一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑She tries to set aside some money every month.她每个月都尽量存点钱。The boss set all the workers suggestions aside.老板对工人们的所有建议都置之不理。,知识拓展set aside留出；匀出；忽视；同义词组为lay up。set back推迟，延缓，阻碍；把(钟表)
9、指针往回拨set about(doing)sth.set out to do sth.开始做，着手处理set out出发，开始(to do)set down放下，搁下；记下，写下set up建立(事业)，成立(组织)set off出发；使开始做；使爆炸set sth. on fire使着火,活学活用(1)补全句子你最好每天留出点时间来进行体育锻炼，以使你保持精力充沛。You had better _ _ _ _ every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.答案：set aside some time,(2)用恰当词语
10、填空He liked the article in the newspaper so much that he set_his own work and translated it into English.Words mean more than what is set_on paper. It takes the human voice to fill them with shades of deeper meaning.What is your dream, Bob?I want to set_a food bank to help hungry people.答案：asidedownu
11、p,1.Historical research shows that in the 22nd century many people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house decorators.历史研究表明在22世纪许多人讲到人们曾买机器人作为家庭装修工的情况。句中that引导一个宾语从句；many people told stories about后面有一个how引导的宾语从句。,在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只具有引导作用，并无具体意义，而且不在句中充当成分，因此在口语或非
12、正式文体中常可省略，省略之后对原句并无影响。如：She said (that) she couldnt go with him because she had a lot to do that night.她说因为那天晚上她有很多事情要做，所以不能和他一起去了。,提示：在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that最好不要省略：(1)主从句之间有插入语时。如：It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。(2)若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连接词that可以省去，其余需保留
13、。如：Linda said (that) she would go to meet Tom in person and that she wouldnt tell anyone about the appointment.琳达说她会亲自去见汤姆，并且不会告诉任何人这次约会的事情。,活学活用(1)I believe_youve done your best and_things will improve.Thank you.答案：that/ /; thatthat引导多个宾语从句时，第一个连接词that可以省去，其余需保留。(2)Having checked the doors were clo
14、sed, and_all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.答案：that句意：确保门关上了，且所有的灯都关上了之后，那个男孩打开门进了他的卧室。checked后跟了两个宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that省略了。,2She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time would be organized into shopping, cooking as well as writin
15、g the cards.她计划每天下午都写几张卡片。因为从那时起直到圣诞节，她的时间都安排在了购物、做饭和写卡片上。本句是一个主从复合句，含有because引导的原因状语从句；from then on until Christmas在从句中充当状语，shopping, cooking, writing the cards为并列宾语。as well as意为“除之外(还)，也，和”。,from then on表示“从那以后”“从那时起”，它是一个固定短语，用作时间状语。如：From then on, he never spoke to me.从那时起，他没有同我说过话。From then on,
16、 no one killed a seagull.从那以后，没有人捕杀海鸥了。from now on表示“从今以后”，也是一个用作时间状语的固定短语。如：From now on, I will do morning exercises every day.从今以后，我每天都要做早操。,活学活用翻译句子从那时开始，他先在一家汽车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。_答案：From then on, he first worked in a car factory, then as an engineer in a steel factory
17、, which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers.,被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。.各种时态的被动结构一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变
18、化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：,Everyones pay will be increased next year by 5%.明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下月底前这项工作将会完成。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。,典题赏
19、析(1)(2015真题改编重庆) In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_(be)cut.答案：has been句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才举行庆祝活动。(2)(2015真题改编北京)Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We_(treat)well by our hosts.答案：were treated句意：你喜欢这个聚会吗？是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过
20、去时；且we和treated是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 were treated。,(3)(2015真题改编四川) More expressways in Sichuan soon_(build) to promote the local economy.答案：will be built句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。根据时间状语soon可知，考查将来时；又因为expressways与build构成被动关系，故填will be built。,.主动语态表被动意义1有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, b
21、urn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。例如：This pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。,2动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.ing的主动结构表被动意义。My watch ca
22、nt work; it needs repairing.我的手表不能用了，需要修了。This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看。.不用于被动语态的情形1不及物动词(短语)如appear, happen, remain, take place, come about, break out, come true等没有被动语态。A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。,.动词不定式的被动形式和用法当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般时和完成时。一般时
23、：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。完成时：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。He didnt expect the book to be received so well.他没想到这本书会受到如此热烈的欢迎。Im pleased to have been given this opportunity.给了我这次机会我很高兴。,典题赏析(4)(真题改编北京)There are still many problems _ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the M
24、oon.答案：to be solved 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。,.不定式的主动形式表被动意义1动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Would you bring me a bench to sit on?你给我拿个凳子来坐好吗？,典题赏析(5)With the world changing fast
25、, we have something new_(deal) with all by ourselves every day.答案：to dealdeal with作代词something的后置定语与something构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句子的主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用deal with的主动形式表被动意义。,点津如果动词不定式作后置定语，不定式和所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，则使用动词不定式的被动形式。Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?我要去邮局。你有信
26、要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主动关系，只和前面letter构成逻辑上的动宾关系。),2在“主语be形容词不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。That question is difficult to
27、answer.那个问题不容易回答。,典题赏析(6)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _(break) into small pieces.答案：to break考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商他们能否把巧克力制作得更易弄碎。该句中的形容词easier为宾语补足语，相当于表语的作用，其后应该使用不定式结构，类似于It isadj.to do.结构，故填to break。,3在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expe
28、nsive(for me)to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。4在there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语重点在人，用被动形式作定语重点在物。比较：There is a lot of work to do.(用to do可看成是for us to do)There is a lot of work to be done.(用to be done“谁”做工作不明确)5be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？,典题赏析(7)Mr Green stood up in d
29、efence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one _(blame)答案：to blameto blame在句中作the one的定语。to blame为固定用法，用主动形式表达被动意义。句意为“格林先生站出来为那个16岁的男孩辩护，他说那个男孩不该受责备。”,用所给动词的适当形式填空1Once environmental damage _(do), it takes many years for the system to recover.2I _(give) ten minutes to decide whether I
30、should reject the offer just now.3My bike _(repair) now.4My homework _(finish); so I can play football now.5The fire _(put out) before the firemen arrived.,6A great many trees _(cut down) if they build a factory here.7It is an honour for me _(ask) to speak here.8Are you going to attend the meeting _
31、 (hold) in the teachers office?9She asked _(send) to work in Xinjiang.10The books are not allowed _(take) out of the room.答案：1.is done2.was given3.is being repaired4.has been finished5.had been put out6.will be cut down7.to be asked8.to be held9.to be sent10.to be taken,.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空1I need at le
32、ast five stamps before my collection_ (complete)2Most of the guests who_(invite)to the party were from New Zealand.3I dont know where the hotel is, but it_(say)to be the best one in the city.4When they got home they found that their house_ (break into)and a lot of valuable things_(steal),5My little
33、sister should love_(take)to watch the movie 2012.6Could you please give me something_(eat)?7He was the last one_(ask)to speak at the meeting.答案：1.is completed2.were invited3.is said4.had been broken into; stolen5.to be taken6.to eat7.to be asked,.单句改错1We set about to clear up the mess._2As is statin
34、g in the article above, the extreme climate changes have done great harm to the country._3The children ought to take good care of in the nursery._4The boy is to be blamed for his mistake._,5Its no use to argue with him._6The party to hold next weekend is very important for her._答案：1.to clearclearing2.statingstated3.takebe taken4.be blamedblame5.to arguearguing6.holdbe held,
