1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修6,The power of nature,Unit 5,Section Learning about Language,Unit 5,.根据词性及汉语提示写出单词及其拓展形式1_(n.)候选人；候补者2_(n.)平房；小屋3_(n.)台风4_(n.)雷暴5_(adj.)贵重的；珍贵的_(adv.)昂贵地；仔细地6_(n.)小说家_(n.)小说， 长篇故事7_(n.)雾,candidatebungalowtyphoonthunderstormpreciouspreciouslynovelistnovelfog,8_(n.)文件；证件9
2、_(n.)彩虹10_(adj.)不舒服的；不舒适的_(反义词)11_(n.)阳台12_(adj.)失去知觉的；未察觉的_(反义词)13_(vt.)射中；射伤_(n.)射击；枪炮声,documentrainbowuncomfortablecomfortablebalconyunconsciousconsciousshoot shot,.短语互译1be unconscious of_2shoot at _3find out _,未意识到朝射击查明，弄明白，搞清楚,.用所给动词的适当形式填空1We dont allow _(smoke) hereEspecially we dont allow st
3、udents _(smoke) here.2The window is dirty and wants _(clean)3_(give) her opinion about the new building，she left the meeting.4_(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.5The gentleman _(stand) over there is our principal.答案：1.smoking; to smoke2.cleaning/to be cleaned3.Having given4.Having
4、been criticized5.standing,1.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的The peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone.孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。Dont waste precious time talking to himHes not worth it.别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。知识拓展(1)preciously adv.昂贵的preciousness n珍贵(2)同义词：expensive adj.昂贵的,比较网站precious, valuable & priceless,Clean water
5、is precious in that part of the world在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。He made many valuable discoveries in science.他有很多有价值的科学发现。Human life is priceless.人的生命是无价的。,活学活用汉译英黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。_答案：Gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world,导学号39270353,2unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的He injured his head
6、and was unconscious for one hour.他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。That is an unconscious need to be loved那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。,知识拓展(1)be unconscious of sb/sth.未察觉；未意识到(2)conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的She may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.我突然意识到有人在看着我。,活学活用用恰当
7、词语填空(1)_(conscious) that the bridge was in danger, the visitors were still driving on it.(2)However great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his moral and social _.答案：(1)Unconscious(2)consciousness句意：不管对成功的要求有多大，一个人不应该放弃自己的道德和社会意识。本题考查名词。consciousness“意识；觉悟”。根据语境推知“意识”。,导学号39270354,3unc
8、omfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的；不自在的I feel uncomfortable after I have eaten too much.我吃得太多了，感到不舒服。I couldnt sleep well because the bed is uncomfortable.因为床不舒服，我没睡好。There was an uncomfortable silence.有一种令人不安的寂静。知识拓展comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的comfort v安慰；抚慰；宽慰uncomfortably adv.不舒适地；不舒服地,活学活用用comfort的适当形式填空(1)_ t
9、hough he felt, he made his way to the school by himself.(2)I feel it so _ to live in such a good house.(3)I was feeling _ hot.(4)The news that our team has won the match _ us.答案：(1)Uncomfortable(2)comfortable(3)uncomfortably(4)comforts,导学号39270355,4shoot v射击；射中A man was shot in the leg.一个人被射伤了腿部。He
10、shot at the bird, but missed it.他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。知识拓展(1)shoot at向射击shoot out抛出；射出；猛地伸出；抽出shoot up射出；喷出；迅速成长；急升(2)shot nC射击；枪炮声,Someone took a shot at the wolf.有人朝那匹狼开枪。We heard some shots in the distance.我们听见远处有几声枪响。The striker had/took a shot at goal.前锋射门。,比较网站shoot与shoot atHe fired and shoot the enemy.
11、他开了枪并且射中了敌人。The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again.新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。,图解助记,活学活用选词填空(shoot/shoot at)(1)The fox ran away before the hunter _ it.(2)The hunter _ _ the bear but didnt _ it.用恰当形式填空(3)Where is the _(shoot) centre?It is about 50 kilometres south of the city of Beijing.,导学号392
12、70356,答案：(1)shot(2)shot at; shoot(3)shooting句意：射击中心在哪里？大约在北京城南50千米处。本题考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词作定语修饰centre。,1.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise.公元79年维苏威火山的爆发令庞培城的人们大吃一惊。句中take.by surprise的意思是“使吃惊”，另外还可作“突然袭击”解。如：The heavy rain took us all by surprise.这场大雨使我们大家猝不及防。W
13、e were taken by surprise while sleeping.我们在睡梦中遭到突袭。,知识拓展(1)in/with surprise 吃惊地He opened his eyes wide in surprise.他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。(2)to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb使某人吃惊的是Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination.使我非常吃惊的是，她考试没及格。,活学活用由于受到突袭，这个城镇被人民解放军占领了。_ _ _， the town was seized by PLA m
14、en.答案：Taken by surprise,导学号39270357,2I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。only to see.为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语。,I walked all the way from hom
15、e to the library, only to find it closed我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。He saw her reading in the classroom.他看见她正在教室里读书。They found themselves surrounded by friends.他们发现自己被朋友围了起来。The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.老师进了实验室，随后跟着几个学生。,比较网站only to do/only doingonly后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。,活学活用补全句子
16、(1)(真题改编四川)汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ _ his plane high up in the sky.(2)盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。He dropped the plate, _ _ it into pieces.答案：(1)to find(2)only breaking,导学号39270358,一、v.ing形式的定义与分类动词的ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。动词的ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.i
17、ng形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。,新课标语法动词ing形式,二、动名词的基本用法1动名词作主语动名词可用作句子的主语。动名词在句中的位置通常有两种，一种位于句首，另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句末。Its no good sending him over.派他去没用。Smoking does harm to your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。,2动名词作宾语动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。Your shoes need repairing.你的鞋该补了。The boy admitted st
18、ealing the money.这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。,(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)不禁介意准逃亡(cant help，mind，allow/permit，escape)不准冒险凭想像(forbid，r
19、isk，imagine),(2)need，want，require，be worthdoing表示被动意义The house need repairing.房子需修理了。The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得参观。,3动名词作表语Her job is cleaning the window.她的工作是擦窗子。4动名词作定语(表用途)There is some drinking water here.这儿有一些饮用水。,三、现在分词现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。现在分词/动词ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词
20、表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。,1现在分词(v.ing)的基本形式,Hearing the news, they immediately set off.听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while.写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。Having been held back by the
21、traffic jam, she couldnt get there on time.她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。,2现在分词作状语的基本用法(1)作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。如Walking in the park, she saw an old friend When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。,While playing the piano, she got very excited While she wa
22、s playing the piano, she got very excited弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。Having finished their homework, they all went out to play After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。,(2)作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。如：Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address As he didnt
23、recognize the voice，he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。Being so angry，he couldnt go to sleepAs he was so angry，he couldnt go to sleep.因为太生气了，他睡不着。,(3)作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。如：Although working hard from morning till night, he didnt
24、 get enough food Although he worked from morning till night，he didnt get enough food虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。,(4)作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突
25、出结果，其前可带thus。如：She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。,(5)作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。如：Taking(If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come
26、to a dense wood如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。,(6)表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。如：They came into the classroom singing and laughing.They sang and laughed，and came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。He stood leaning against the wall.He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。,3现在分词作状语的注意事项(1)主语一致现在分词作状语时，分词的
27、逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。Mary coming back, they discussed that together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。,温馨提示分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally.)speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。,(2)否定形式现在分词的否定形式是“
28、not现在分词”。Not knowing how to do it，he had to ask for help.因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮助。Not having received any reply，he decided to write another letter.由于没收到任何答复，他决定再写一封信。,1(2016天津4改编)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _(make)air conditioning unnecessary. 答案：making考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有
29、必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在 分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。,导学号39270359,2(2016浙江19改编)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ with students.答案：working考查非谓语动词。句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。,3(2014江西31)_(spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel答案：Having spent考
30、查非谓语动词作状语。句意：花光了我们差不多所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。动词spend与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，又动作spent发生在主句动作couldnt afford之前，所以用having done形式作状语，表示主动，强调完成。,4(2015真题改编北京)The park was full of people _(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.答案：enjoying句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩得很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得很开心为主动的，因此填enjoying。,5(2015真题
31、改编安徽)_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.答案：Ignoring句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词作主语。,每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同1After the scientists had studied the information, they predicted that the lava would flow
32、through the village._ _ _ _， the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village.2Because I had experienced a few earthquakes before，I wasnt frightened_ _ a few earthquakes before，I wasnt frightened,导学号39270360,3As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited_ _ _
33、 a volcano erupting before, I was very excited4Because I had spent all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day._ _ all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day.,5As I came out of my house，I saw my father planting trees in the garden._ _ _ my house, I saw my father planti
34、ng trees in the garden.答案：1.Having studied the information2.Having experienced3.Never having seen4.Having spent5.Coming out of,.单词拼写1Her daughter is the most _(宝贵的) person to her in the world2The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the _(文件) yesterday.3She still finds it _(不舒服的) to stand w
35、ithout support.4They found him lying _(失去知觉的) on the floor.5There were a large number of _(候选人) for the job答案：1.precious2.document3.uncomfortable4.unconscious5candidates,导学号39270361,.按照要求，用动词ing形式改写下面句子1When they heard the news, they immediately set off(动词ing作时间状语)_2After I had written a letter, I l
36、istened to music for a while(动词ing作时间状语)_3Because she had been held back by the traffic jam, she couldnt get there on time(动词ing作原因状语)_,导学号39270362,4He sent me an email, and (he) hoped to get further information.(动词ing作伴随状语)_5While they gathered around the fire, the tourists danced with the local pe
37、ople(动词ing作时间状语)_6Mo Yan is famous as a writer, and his works sell well(独立主格结构)_,7Wang Yaping taught students lesson in the air, which made people like science(动词ing作结果状语)_8Though he is young, he has made great progress in English.(动词ing作让步状语)_,答案：1.Hearing the news, they immediately set off.2Having
38、 written a letter, I listened to music for a while.3Having been held hack by the traffic jam, she couldnt get there on time.4He sent me an email, hoping to get further infformation.5Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.6Mo Yan is famous as a writer，his works selling well.7Wang Yaping taught students lesson in the air, making people like science.8Being young, he has made great progress in English.,
