1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修6,A healthy life,Unit 3,Section Warmingup; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 3,.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1根据词性及汉语提示写出单词及其拓展形式(1)_ (n.& vt.) 滥用；虐待(2)_ (vt.)禁止(n.)禁令(3)_(vt.)停止(做某事)；离开(4)_(n.) 结果；效力(5)_(adj.)绝望的；拼命的(6)_ (adj.) 感到惭愧或羞耻的(7)stress (n.) 压力(vt.) 加压力于_ (adj
2、.) 产生压力的；紧张的,abusebanquiteffectdesperateashamedstressful,(8)accustom (vt.) 使习惯于_ (adj.) 惯常的；习惯了的(9)automatic (adj.) 无意识的；自动的_(adv.) 无意识地；自动地(10)mental (adj.) 精神的；智力的_ (adv.) 精神上；智力上(11)strengthen(vt.)加强；巩固_ (n.) 力量(12)disappointed (adj.)失望的；沮丧的_ (adj.) 使人失望的_ (n.)失望,accustomedautomaticallymentallyst
3、rengthdisappointingdisappointment,2短语互译(1)_帮助某人开始某活动(2)_由于(3)_放弃，戒掉(4)_对有瘾(5)_顺便一提(6)_习惯于,start sBoffdue togive upbe/become addicted toby the waybe/get/become accustomed to,(7)over and over again _(8)do damage to_(9)take sBoff sth._(10)decide on_(11)feel like (doing)_(12)break the habit of_,再三地，反复地伤
4、害，损伤调离，解除(工作、职务)等对作出决定想要(做)改掉的习惯,.根据课文内容填空Grandpa wrote to James to advise him to _1_smokingHe told James that _2_ his healthy life he lived，he was _3_ to cycle 20 kilometres in one afternoonHe also told him that one became _4_smoking in three important waysFirstly, one could become _5_ to nicotineT
5、hat meant after a while ones body became _6_ having nicotine in itSecondly one became addicted _7_For example，if a person did the same thing _8_，he would do it automaticallyThirdly，one could become _9_.,At last he told the grandson the harmful effects of smokingFirst，it could _10_ to ones heart and
6、lungsSecond, if a baby was born, it might have a _11_Third, cigarette smoking could affect the health of _12_.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._11._12._答案：1.stop/give up/quit2.due to3.fit enough4.addicted to5.physically addicted6.accustomed to7.through habit8.over and over again9.mentally addicted10do dam
7、age11.smaller birth weight12.nonsmokers,1.abuse n& vt滥用；虐待(1)abuse用作名词“滥用；虐待”讲，既是可数名词又是不可数名词。I will talk about some abuses of the word我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。Child abuse is not allowed in our country.在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。,提示abuse作名词还有“辱骂”的含义。The woman greeted me with a stream of abuse.那个女人一见了我就破口大骂个不停。(2)abuse作动
8、词时，是及物动词，作“滥用”讲时，常接authority, position, power, wealth等作宾语。He never abuses authority/position/power.他从未滥用职权。Whoever abuses pets will be punished无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。,活学活用用恰当形式填空In my view, mobile phones are only a tool for communication purpose, just like any other tools which have the potential _ (abuse) a
9、nd misuseD答案：to be abused句意：以我之见，手机只是以交流为目的的工具，就像其他的有滥用和误用的可能性的工具一样。本题考查非谓语动词。根据misused推知此处为被动关系，联系语境“潜能”还没有实现推知用不定式的被动语态。,导学号39270158,2stress n压力；重音 vt加压力于；使紧张；强调Susan was completely weighted down by the stress of examinations.苏珊被考试的压力压垮了。We have learned pronunciation and stress.我们已经学了发音和重读。The Eng
10、lish teacher stressed the importance of reading alouD英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。,知识拓展It must be stressed that.必须强调的是lay/put/place stress on/under sth.对某事加以强调under/driven by the stress of 为所迫；为所驱使； 处境紧张(或困难)stressful adj压力重的，紧张的stressed adj焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的,It must be stressed that this disease is very rare.必须强调，这种疾病是非
11、常罕见的。He put stress on the safety of the students.他强调了学生们安全的重要性。Worrying over his job and his wifes health put him under a great stress.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他陷于过度的紧张中。He was feeling very stressed and tireD他感觉十分焦虑，疲惫不堪。,Person may suffer from loneliness, fear, anxiety, or other emotional responses to stres
12、s.人们可以因孤独、恐惧、焦虑或其它感情上压抑等而感到痛苦。Do not put much pressure on the handle; it may break.不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。,活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)(2015真题改编浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.补全句子(2)人在压力之下，办事就易出错。Things can easily go wrong when people are _.(3)他强调了良好教育的重要性。H
13、e _ _ _ of good education.,导学号39270159,答案：(1)stress句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是 stress意为压力。(2)under stress(3)stressed the importance,3ban vt禁止；取缔n禁令；谴责He was banned from driving for six months.他被禁止驾驶六个月。The President supports a global ban on nuclear testing.总统支持全球性禁止核试验。
14、提示ban作动词时为及物动词，其后可直接接宾语；作名词时，其后常用介词on。,知识拓展ban.from doing 禁止做lift/remove the ban on 解禁place/put.under a ban 禁止under a ban 被禁止；被逐出门,比较网站ban, forbid与prohibit,活学活用用ban, forbid或prohibit的适当形式填空(1)After the accident, he was _ from driving alone.(2)Our school _ us to bring cellphone to school.(3)The law _
15、the tobacco from being sold freely.,导学号39270160,用恰当形式填空(4)Snowden _(ban) from sending messages against the United States again and allowed to live in Russia for a year.(5)According to a report, cigarette smoking _(ban)in all indoor public places in our province soon.(6)Ill raise both hands in favour
16、 of banning _(smoke) inside the school yard,答案：(1)banned(2)forbad(3)prohibits(4)was banned句意：斯诺登再次被禁止发布不利于美国的言论，允许在俄罗斯定居一年。本题考查ban sBfrom doing sth.意思为“禁止某人做某事”表示权威部门的禁令。(5)will be banned句意：根据报道，我们省不久将在所有公共室内场所禁止吸烟。本题考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语soon确定为将来时，联系禁止与吸烟的关系推知是逻辑上的被动关系，由此可知用一般将来时的被动语态。(6)smoking句意：我会举双手
17、赞同，在校园里支持禁止吸烟。本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知答案。,4addicted adj入了迷的；上了瘾的His father is addicted to buying shares.他的父亲迷上了买股票。The man has been found to become addicted to drugs.这个男人被人发现他吸毒成瘾。提示addicted不用于名词前，一般作表语或后置定语，常与介词to连用。,知识拓展(1)be/become addicted to sth./doing sth沉溺于；专心做addict oneself to sth沉溺于(2)addict n有瘾的人a
18、ddiction n癖好a work addict 工作狂(3)addictive adj使人上瘾的,Many students addict themselves to computer games.许多学生迷恋电脑游戏。Nowadays, many children are addicted to TV.现在很多孩子迷恋看电视。Crack is a highly addictive form of cocaine.快克是一种令人高度上瘾的可卡因药丸。,活学活用用addict的适当形式填空(1)He admitted he was _ to cocaine.(2)These sleeping
19、 pills are not _.(3)His _ to drugs troubles his family.(4)The police are always being urged to crack down on drug _.,导学号39270161,用恰当介词填空(5)It is easy for students to become addicted_the excitement of these programs and neglect their homework.答案：(1)addicted(2)addictive(3)addiction(4)addicts(5)to句意：学生
20、很容易沉溺于这些刺激的节目中，而忽视了他们的功课。be addicted(to sth.)表示“上瘾；成瘾；有瘾”。,5accustomed adj惯常的；习惯了的The young woman spoke with her accustomed modesty.那位年轻女子以她惯有的谦虚态度讲话。Im accustomed to reading novels every day.我习惯了每天看小说。,知识拓展(1)accustom vt使习惯于(2)be accustomed to习惯于该词组中的to是介词，后接动词时应接动词的ing形式。She found it necessary to
21、accustom herself to getting up early.她觉得有必要让自己养成早起的习惯。The actor is accustomed to sleeping late and getting up early.这位演员习惯晚睡早起。,活学活用用恰当形式填空(1)Accustomed to_(climb) the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.句型转换(2)You will soon get accustomed to the climate here.You will soon _ _ _ t
22、he climate here.答案：(1)climbing句意：早已习惯了攀登陡峭的山峰，他毫不费力地登上了山顶。get accustomed to 表示“习惯于”，to 为介词，故填climbing。(2)get used to,导学号39270162,6withdrawal n收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程His withdrawal from the election is wise.他退出选举是明智的。I got withdrawal symptoms the next day after giving up smoking.我戒烟后第二天就有了脱瘾症状。,知识拓展withdraw
23、v撤离；退回；缩回；提取He withdrew against the wall as the car passed by.车经过时他把身子紧靠着墙。He withdrew from the race due to his injury on his leg.他因腿伤退出了比赛。,活学活用选词填空She _ her hands from the stove and covered her face.(drew; withdrew)答案：withdrew,导学号39270163,7mentally adv精神上；智力上Mentally, I began to make a list of thi
24、ngs I had to do next.我开始在脑子里盘算接下来要做的事情。The baby is very mentally alert.这孩子很机灵。知识拓展mental adj精神的；智力的Do you have a mental picture of what it looks like?在你脑子里它会是什么样子？,活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)Just as Professor Scotti often puts it, success is ninetynine percent _(mentally) attitude.(2)Doing some exercise earlier
25、in the day should help you to feel physically as well as _ tired(3)Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and _health.,导学号39270164,答案：(1)mental句意：正如Scotti教授经常表述的一样，成功是百分之九十九的心态。本题考查形容词。修饰attitude，用形容词形式。(2)mentally句意：一天中早锻炼应该帮助你感觉到身体和精神上的疲劳。本题考查副词。根据语境结合常识推知“精神上的”。(3
26、)mental句意：科学家们确信大笑对于身体和心理健康方面有积极影响。本题考查形容词。根据语境联系常识推知“心理上的”。,8quit vt停止(做某事)；离开You must quit smokingMost important of all, you should start taking exercise.你必须戒烟，最重要的是，你该开始运动。He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。,提示quit的过去式、过去分词为quit, quit或quitted, quitted, quit作“停止”讲且后跟动词时，须用动词的ing形式。如：Just quit
27、 complainingWhat matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.别抱怨了，目前重要的是如何摆脱这种尴尬的局面。,知识拓展常见用法：quit ones job 辞去工作quit office 离职quit school 退学quit of sb/sth摆脱某人/某物quit doing sth.停止干某事quit to do sth.辞职去做某事,比较网站quit, pause, stop这三个动词均含有“停止”之意。(1)quit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。Many peopl
28、e think he has no reason to quit the job, But he did without hesitation.很多人都认为他不应该辞去那份工作，但他却毫不犹豫地辞职了。,(2)pause指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。He paused when he heard steps behind him.他听到后面有脚步声便停了下来。(3)stop指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。Why stop the entire process just because something is missing?为什么停止整个过程，仅仅是因为遗漏了某些
29、内容？,活学活用补全句子(1)他们鼓励年轻人戒烟。They encourage young people _ _ _.用恰当形式填空(2)Tom is so worried about the test that he plans to study all night.Tell him he should quit _ (worry) and get some sleep.,导学号39270165,答案：(1)to quit smoking(2)worrying句意：“汤姆非常担心测试，他打算学习一晚上。”“告诉他不用担心，应睡一会儿觉。”quit在此作“停止”讲，后接动词时，应用v.ing形
30、式。,9effect n结果；效力I can certainly feel the effects of too many late nights.我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。Should the plan be put into effect, it could represent a substantial change in economic direction.如果该方案得以执行，可能意味着中国经济的前进方向将出现重大变化。,知识拓展in effect 实质上；本质上take effect 生效，起作用be of no effect 无效，没有作用，不中用bring/carry/
31、put into effect 实行，实施；使生效；实现come into effect 开始生效；开始实施have an effect on/upon 对有影响；对起作用,比较网站effect，affect, influence这些词均含“影响”之意。,The tax increases have affected us all.加税已经影响了我们所有的人。Fathers have an enormous effect on their childrens personalities and chances of marital happiness.父亲对孩子们的个性及婚姻幸福的可能性有巨大
32、影响。No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。,活学活用用恰当介词填空(1)Any options users set should be remembered, so that the options remain_effect until manually changed(2)Although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a bad effect _you.用effect的相关短语填空(3)The new regulation
33、 shall _ on June 1st.(4)_， well be earning less than we were last year.(5)It wont be easy to _ the changes _.,导学号39270166,答案：(1)inin effect表示“在实施中；有效”。(2)onhave an effect on sthsb对有影响/起作用(3)take effect(4)In effect(5)put; into effect,10strengthen vt加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强It is necessary to strengthen the bri
34、dge.这座桥需要加固。The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.这些训练目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。,知识拓展动词strengthen是名词strength加后缀en转化而来的，常见的由名词或形容词加后缀en转化而来的动词还有：brighten(使)明亮；fatten(使)发胖；harden(使)变硬；soften(使)变软；sharpen(使)变尖锐；sweeten(使)变甜；widen(使)变宽,提示名词或形容词加前缀en也可转化为动词。如：encave把藏入洞中entitle给书、文章题目，给以称号entr
35、ap用陷阱诱捕enable使能够enrich使富裕ensure保证，使安全endanger使遭危险encourage使有勇气，鼓励enforce强迫，迫使,比较网站strength, energy, force, power这些名词均有“力”之意。(1)strength指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为force。 它尤其指承受重物的力量。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小但力大惊人。(2)energy用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。His work seemed to lack energy.他工
36、作似乎缺乏干劲。,(3)force尤指人或物撞击或推物体时所用的力。He did it with a great force.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。(4)power可以用来指人体某部位的力量，但一般不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物的力量。从物理学意义上讲，power更多指机械、爆炸或大自然的力量。There was a lot of power behind that blow.那一击的力量很大。,活学活用用恰当形式填空(1)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know thei
37、r_(strong)and weaknesses.(2)Our bodies are _ (strong) by taking exercise, while our minds are developed by learning.答案：(1)strengths(2)strengthened,导学号39270167,11desperate adj绝望的；拼命的He was desperate when he lost all his money.当他丢了所有钱时，他绝望了。There was a desperate animal, cold and hungry.有一个走投无路的动物，又冷又饿
38、。,知识拓展be desperate for.对极度渴望的be desperate to do 非常愿意干desperately adv拼命地desperation n绝望；拼命He was so desperate for a joB他非常想找一份工作。I was absolutely desperate to learn painting.我非常渴望学画画。He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm.他深深地吸了一口气，极力保持镇静。,活学活用补全句子(1)他渴望有份工作来挣钱供养这一大家子。He _ _ _ work to
39、 provide for a large family.用恰当介词填空(2)The man lost in the desert was desperate _ water.答案：(1)was desperate for(2)for句意：在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。be desperate for sth.表示“非常需要；渴望”。,导学号39270168,12disappointed adj失望的；沮丧的We are disappointed that you will not be able to come.你不能前来，对此我们很失望。She was disappointed to
40、learn that she had failed the course.得知那门课没有考及格，她很沮丧。提示disappointed “失望的，沮丧的”，指人的主观感受，常用来修饰人；disappointing“令人失望的”，指事物的属性或性质，用于修饰事物。,知识拓展be disappointed to do 做而感到失望be disappointed at/about/with 对感到失望/沮丧be disappointed that 因而失望,比较网站disappointed, disappointingThe disappointing news that he failed the
41、 exam made us very disappointed他没有通过考试，这令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。,活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)_(失望的) at the result, the boss left without saying any worD(2)Susan was expecting her favorite singers, but to her _， none appeared(3)What Tom did during the sports meet made all of us _(disappoint)(4)You _(disappoint) them if y
42、ou dont goThey will be expecting you.,导学号39270169,答案：(1)Disappointed句意：对结果感到失望，老板没有说一句话就离开了。根据句意可知用过去分词形式的形容词。(2)disappointment句意：苏珊期盼着她最喜爱的演员，但是令她失望的是，一个也没有来。本题考查名词。根据短语“to ones抽象名词”可知填名词形式。根据句意没有见到歌手一定很失望。,(3)disappointed句意：汤姆在运动会期间所做的使我们所有人感到失望。(4)will disappoint句意：如果你不去的话你会让他们失望的。他们期望你去。本题考查动词时态
43、。根据语境“期望”推知。,13ashamed adj感到惭愧或羞耻的She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。The next day I felt ashamed that I hadnt stopped her from going away alone.第二天，我感到很惭愧，因为我没有阻止她独自前往。,知识拓展(1)be/feel ash
44、amed of (doing) sth为(做)某事感到羞耻be ashamed of oneself为自己感到惭愧be/feel ashamed that从句为感到羞愧be/feel ashamed to be/to do sth作为而感到羞愧；因惭愧而不情愿做,(2)shame n羞耻；可耻的人或事；丢脸的事shameful adj可耻的；可惜的You should practise more oftenits a shame to waste such talent.你应该更经常地练习荒废这样好的天分是太可惜了！Stealing is a shameful thing to do, but
45、 he doesnt feel ashamed偷东西是可耻的行为，但他并不感到羞愧。,比较网站ashamed, shameful，shameless,He was ashamed of being unable to answer the question.他因回答不了这个问题而感到惭愧。We thought his behavior was shameful.我们认为他的行为是可耻的/不光彩的。Shes quite shameless about wearing sexy clothes at work.她穿着性感的衣服上班而不觉羞耻。,活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)_(shame), he went abroad, and his parents knew nothing about the years of wandering or time in prison.(2)I was ashamed _ her EnglishI believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say.,
