1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修3,Astronomy：the science of the stars,Unit 4,第一课时Warming up & Reading,Unit 4,.单词速记1_(n.)系统；体系；制度2_(n.)学说；理论3_(n.)球体，地球仪；地球4_(n.)大气层；气氛5_(adj.)基本的；基础的6_(n.)链子；连锁；锁链7_(v.)繁殖；增加；乘8_(adv.)因此；于是9_(n.)宗教，宗教信仰_(adj.)宗教上的,systemtheoryglobeatmospherefundamentalchainmultiplythusre
2、ligion,religious,10_(adj.)猛烈的，激烈的；强暴的_(n.)暴力_(adv.)猛烈地；激烈地11_(prep.)不同；不像_(prep.)像 12_(adj.)有害的_(n.)伤害；损害13_(vi.)存在；生存_(n.)存在14_(vi.)使迷惑；难题；谜_(adj.)迷惑的_(adj.)令人迷惑的,violent,violence,violently,unlike,like,harmful,harm,exist,existence,puzzle,puzzled,puzzling,.短语互译1in time_2lay eggs _3give birth to _4in
3、 ones turn _5阻止；制止 _6对是基本的/必须的 _7也，和；除了还 _,及时；终于下蛋 产生；分娩 轮到某人；接着 prevent.from be fundamental to as well as,.完成句子1地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。The earth became_ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (so. that.如此以至于),2喷出的烈火与岩石及时产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。They _ carbon, nitrogen, water
4、 vapour and other gases, which _ the earths atmosphere. (be in time to do sth.及时做某事；be to do sth.常用来表示不可避免将要发生的事情)3水对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。_water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (It is obvious that.很明显),4很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。_the continued presence of water al
5、lowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (what主语从句is that表语从句)5另一些，被称作两栖动物，既可以生活在水中，也能生活在陆地上。Others, _， were able to live on land _in the water.(过去分词短语作插入语；as well as连接两个平行结构),答案：1.so violent that2.were in time to produce; were to make3.It was not immediately obv
6、ious that4.What many scientists believe is that5.called amphibians; as well as,.课文理解Step 1Fast ReadingScan the Passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage.1What began to appear on the earths surface when it cooled down?AWater. BGases.CAcids. DCarbon.,2From the last paragraph we
7、 can infer that the author is_.Aconfident BsadCconcerned Dangry3What does the word “they” refer to in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and . ”？APlanets. BStars.CGases. DFire and rock.,4Which is the right order of the de
8、velopment of life?ASmall clever animalsshellfishdinosaursmammals.BShellfishdinosaurssmall clever animalsmammals.CShellfishdinosaursmammalssmall clever animals.DDinosaursshellfishmammalssmall clever animals.,5Why were mammals different from other life forms?ABecause they gave birth to young baby anim
9、als and produced milk to feed them.BBecause they produced young generally by laying eggs.CBecause they were able to live on land as well as in the water.DBecause they live on grass.,Step 2Careful Reading1Read the passage and write down the main idea of it.The text mainly tells us the_ of the earth a
10、nd the _ of life on it.2Put the order of development of life into a timeline.(1)_AInsects and amphibians appeared.(2)_BDinosaurs appeared.(3)_CThe earth became a solid ball.(4)_DSmall plants grew on the water.(5)_EReptiles appeared.,(6)_FPlants began to grow on land.(7)_GThe earth was a cloud of dus
11、t.(8)_HWater appeared on the earth.(9)_IShellfish and other fish appeared.(10)_JThe universe began with a “Big Bang”(11)_KClever animals with hands and feet appeared.(12)_LMammals appeared.,3Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea.Paragraph 1_AHow humans appeared and what effect
12、s they have caused to the earth.Paragraph 2_BWater is very important for life on the earth.Paragraph 3_CHow the earth formed.Paragraph 4_DHow the plants and animals on the earth developed.Paragraph 5_EIt is widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”,Step 3课文内容语法填空The _1_(explode) of t
13、he earth produced water vapour，which turned into water when the earth _2_(cool) down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made _3_ possible for life to begin to develop. The _4_(arrive) of small plants encouraged the _5_(develop) of early shellfish and al
14、l _6_ of fish. Many millions of years _7_(late) the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared.,Some were insects. Others, called amphibians，_8_(be) able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally, some small clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth. B
15、ut they treat the planet in an _9_(friend) way，and the earth becomes too _10_(pollute)Step 4 DiscussionWhy were there so many different kinds of animals (amphibians, reptiles, mammals etc. )before human beings appeared?_,答案：Step 115ACDCAStep 21.formation; development2.(1)(5)JGCHD(6)(10)IFAEB(11)(12)
16、LK3.15ECBDAStep 31.explosion2.cooled3.it4.arrival5.development6.sorts7.later8.were9.unfriendly10.pollutedStep 4Possible answer: It obeyed the rule that animals on the earth have been evolved(进化) from the primitive(原始的) stage.,1.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的The violent winds buried the village in sand.狂风把
17、村子掩埋在沙中。The struggle became more and more violent.斗争变得越来越激烈了。,归纳拓展(1)violently adv.猛烈地；凶狠地(2)violence n暴力，暴行；(感情)强烈violence against暴力对抗take.by violence抢夺with violence猛烈地；强有力地The Emperor，Zhu Di，took the power from his nephew by_violence.皇帝朱棣抢夺了他侄子的权力。The soldiers attacked the city with_violence.战士们猛烈
18、攻击这座城市。,巧学助记图文记忆violentTom was in violent pain. As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。,活学活用句型转换。They often argue with each other, sometimes violently. They often argue with each other, sometimes _.用violent的适当形式填空。Last night, the wind ble
19、w with _， and a tree was tore up _. Another _ wind is reported to come next week.昨晚，风刮得很猛，一棵树被猛烈地连根拔起。据报道下周会有另一股强风来袭。答案：with violenceviolence; violently; violent,2unlike prep.不同；不像Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不像在地球
20、上一样，这些水后来消失了。Its unlike him to be late; hes usually on time.他不是会迟到的那种人；他通常很准时。,归纳拓展(1)Its unlike sb. to do sth.做不像某人平常的样子(2)like prep.像，类似(反义词)v喜欢(3)unlike adj.不同；相异(4)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的A serious drought，like any other natural disaster，can do great damage to human beings.严重干旱，像其他任何自然灾害一样，会对
21、人类造成很大伤害。,易混辨析,活学活用选词填空(用dislike/unlike/like)。Its _ you not to say hello; whats the matter with you?He _ drinking, but he _ smoking.语法填空。It is _(like) that he will come to help you soon because he has just gone out.答案：unlikelikes; dislikesunlikely考查句型It is likely/unlikely that.。句意：因为他刚刚出去了，所以他不可能很快来
22、帮你。根据语境，应为不可能。,3harmful adj.有害的What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。The haze，which happened the other day，is harmful to our health.几天前发生的雾霾有害于我们的健康
23、。,归纳拓展(1)be harmful to 对有害(2)harmless adj.无害的；不致伤的be harmless to 对无害的(3)harm n伤害do harm to sb./do sb.harm对某人有害Although the owner of this kind of milk powder has said that the milk powder is harmless again and again，it will do great harm to human health in fact.尽管奶粉的主人反复说这种奶粉无害，但是事实上它对人类健康会带来极大的危害。,巧
24、学助记巧记harm家族,活学活用一句多译。到处扔垃圾通常有害于我们的生活环境。A: Throwing rubbish about usually _ our living environment.B：Throwing rubbish about usually _ our living environment.语法填空。Too much drinking will do damage_ your health; you should take the doctors advice.,答案：does harm to; is harmful toto句意：过量饮酒会对你的健康有害。你应该听从医生的
25、建议。do harm to“对有害”，固定搭配。,4chain n链子，连锁；锁链This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。He is in a poor taste with a thick gold chain round his neck.他戴着一条粗粗的金链子，显得俗气。The criminals were in chains and brought to the court.罪犯们带着镣铐被带进了法庭。,归纳拓展in chains 被
26、囚禁；在囚禁中a chain of 一连串的；一系列的chain store(s) 连锁店chain vt.用锁链拴住He chained the dog for the night.晚上他用铁链把狗拴起来。,巧学助记图文巧解chainMany links can make up a chain.很多链环组成一条链子。,活学活用完成句子。_ in our town.我们乡镇发生了一连串的变化。The doors _.那些门总是用锁链锁着。答案：A chain of changes have taken placewere always chained,5exist vi. 存在；生存They
27、laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也下蛋，在地球上存在了14 000多万年。Strange ideas existed in his mind.他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。The rabbit exists on vegetable food.兔子靠植物性食物生活。,归纳拓展(1)exist in存在于中exist on靠生活/生存There exists.某地有(2)existence n存在；生活in existence 现存的；现有的come into existence beg
28、in to exist产生；成立；开始存在These animals long came into existence on the earth.这些动物很早就在地球上存在了。,活学活用用exist的适当用法完成句子。The patient became seriously ill last week，and he has had to _ milk ever since.上周这位病人生了重病，从此他只能靠喝牛奶活命。_ some danger, but knowledge can help human beings to survive.尽管存在危险，但是知识能够帮助人类存活下来。,句型转换
29、。The earth began to exist in the universe long time ago. The earth _ in the universe long time ago.答案：exist onThere existscame into existence,6puzzle (a)n.谜；难题How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。Im in a puzzle as to wh
30、at to do next.对于下一步该做什么我也不知道。,(b)vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难These scientists have been puzzling about how to solve the environmental problem.科学家们一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。,归纳拓展(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(4)puzzled adj.迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解The students over there
31、 are puzzled about the puzzling question.在那里的学生们正对这个令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。,活学活用完成句子。The student _ what to do next.这个学生对下一步做什么伤透了脑筋。Their reason for doing that is still _ me.他们为什么做那件事仍然让我费解。,语法填空。Seeing the bad results of the exams，she was rather frustrated and felt _(puzzle) about her future.答案：was puzzled ab
32、outa puzzle topuzzled句意：看着这糟糕的考试成绩，她相当沮丧，对未来感到迷惘。feel puzzled about“对感到迷惑/迷惘”。,7atmosphere (n.)(1)(围绕地球的)大气；大气层；大气圈The firststage vehicle is used to launch the rocket and is then jettisoned in the upper atmosphere.第一级运载装置是用来发射火箭的， 进入高层大气后即抛掉。 (2)C(房间、封闭空间或某处的)空气 These plants love warm, humid atmosph
33、ere.这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。(3)C & U 气氛； 氛围The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in.她一进来气氛就变了。,活学活用语法填空The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks _ a friendly atmosphere.答案：in句意：两国领导人在非常友好的氛围里谈话。,8.in time(1) 来得及；及时If you catch the early bus, youll get there in time.如果你赶上早班车，你会及时到达那儿的。Will
34、we be in time for the six oclock train?我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。,(2)(sooner or later)经过一段时间之后；迟早；最后；终于Keep on working, and youll succeed in time.继续工作，你早晚会成功的。They learned to accept their stepmother in time.过了一段时间，他们终于学会了接受他们的继母。,归纳拓展f
35、or the first time首次ahead of time提前all the time一直；始终at the same time同时；然而at a time依次；逐一；每次in no time立刻；马上from time to time偶尔；间或at one time曾经；一度at times有时；偶尔,活学活用完成句子。We all wish that his dream _.我们都希望他的梦想总有一天会实现。一句多译。尽管只剩下一分钟，但是我仍然赶上了听他的演讲。aEven though there was only one minute left，I_.bEven though t
36、here was only one minute left，I_.,语法填空。(2013陕西改编)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will _time.Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, just in time _ (avoid) the racing car.答案：would come true in timea. was in time for his lectureb. was in time to listen to his lecturein句意
37、：经理想看看公司的变化，我相信他迟早会看到的。in time及时，迟早，最终。to avoid句意：我退后了一步，正好避开了奔跑的汽车。in time to do sth.正赶上做某事。,9in ones turn 轮到某人；接着Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.它们的时代到来了，因此它们成了这个行星上最重要的动物。,归纳拓展in turn 依次，轮流，逐个；相应地，转而take turns in sth./take turns to do sth.轮流做某事Its ones
38、 turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事by turns 轮流；交替The students took turns to clean up their classroom.学生们轮流打扫教室。We did the work by turns.我们轮流做这项工作。,名师点拨by turns是“交替”“轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行，如表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。,活学活用填入恰当的有关turn的短语。那些女孩逐一报名。The girls called out their names _.我们轮流读这首诗。We read the poem _.我们轮流做家务。W
39、e _ do the housework.轮到他发言了。Its _ make a speech.答案：in turnby turnstake turns tohis turn to,10prevent.from 阻止；制止They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.它们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。The rain prevented us(from) st
40、arting on a trip.这场雨阻碍了我们出发去旅游。,活学活用改错。Nothing could prevent him to sail round the world alone._The plan can be prevented being carried out._答案：to sailfrom sailing/sailingbeing carried outfrom being carried out,11lay eggs 下蛋Most fish reproduce themselves by laying eggs.大多数鱼靠产卵繁殖。The duck laid ten eg
41、gs this month.这只鸭子这个月下了十枚蛋。归纳拓展lay off 解雇lay down 放下；躺下,易混辨析,活学活用语法填空。The boy _(lie) under the tree lied to his friends that his cock _(lay) eggs.答案：lying; laidlie (lied，lied)“说谎”；lie (lay，lain)“躺，平卧”；lay (laid，laid)“放置，下蛋”。句意：躺在树下的那个男孩向他的朋友撒谎说他的公鸡下蛋了。He fell asleep with a book _(lie) open on his kn
42、ee.答案：lyinglie(lied，lied，lying)“说谎”；lie(lay，lain，lying)“躺，平卧；位于”；lay(laid，laid，laying)“放置；下蛋”。book和lie之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。,12give birth to 生产；分娩She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.她生了个漂亮健康的婴儿。Every year many women go to Hong Kong to give birth to their babies.每年许多妇女到香港去生孩子。归纳拓展by birth 天生地；在血统上；生来at
43、 birth 出生时；一出生,17活学活用用适当的介词填空。My son weighed 3.750 grams _ birth.Michael Jackson was said to be African _ birth.Mrs Green gave birth _ twins the other day.答案：atbyto,13.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。(1)此句为主从复合句。句中that
44、引导结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中it作形式主语，whether.or not为一个从句，在句中作真正的主语。,(2)so.that.“如此以至于”；It is/was not clear whether从句“不知道是否；不清楚是否”。The scenery here is so beautiful that it attracts many tourists from the whole world every year.这里的风景如此的美，每年都吸引很多来自世界各地的游客。The story is so moving that the readers are moved on reading it.这个故事非常感人，一读到它读者们都被感动了。It is not clear whether the trees can survive or not.这些树能否生存下来还不清楚。,
