1、Section Learning about Language,动词-ing 形式作定语和状语一、动词-ing 形式作定语,动词-ing 形式(现在分词)既可作前置定语(相当于表状态、性质或用途的介词短语或定语从句)，也可作后置定语，相当于一个表示动作正在进行的定语从句。一般单个动词-ing 形式放在名词前，-ing 短语放在名词之后。如：,None is allowed to smoke in the reading room.没有人可以在阅览室吸烟。,He saw a flying bird in the sky.他看到天空中有一只飞鸟。,Do you know the man stand
2、ing over there in black?你认识站在那边的穿黑色衣服的人吗？,二、动词-ing 形式作状语,动词-ing 形式作状语表示主语在进行某一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语一致。现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等。1表示时间,现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。如：,Rushing out of the room, he was knocked down by a car.,When he rushed out of the room, he was knocked down by,a car.他从房间冲出来的
3、时候被车撞了。,(1)当分词表示的动作正在进行时，主句的动作发生了，此时用现在分词短语作状语，译作“当的时候”，但它前面一般加 when 或 while。如：,When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me. 离,开车站的时候，他频频向我挥手。,(2)当分词表示的动作发生在主句所表示的动作之前，要用现在分词的完成式作状语，放在句子前面，译作“在之后”，此时可转换为“after动名词”这一结构。如：,Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.,Aft
4、er turning off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.,关掉电视机以后，他开始复习功课。,2表示原因,现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。当分词表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生时，分词用一般式；当分词表示的动作发生在主句的动作之前，分词用完成式。如：,Having won the championship, he was awarded a million,dollars., Because he had won the championship, he was awarded a,million dollars.,因为
5、获得了冠军，他得到了一百万美元的奖金。,3表示结果,现在分词短语作结果状语，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔,开，表示一种自然的结果。如：,The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion,in the whole city.,雪下了一个星期，造成整个城市交通瘫痪。4表示条件,现在分词短语作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：,Working harder, you will pass the entrance exam.,If you work harder, you will pass the entrance exa
6、m.如果你再努力一点，你就会通过入学考试。,5表示让步,现在分词短语作让步状语，一般放于句首，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时也由 although, though 等引导。如：,(Though/Although) having failed many times, he didnt lose,heart., Though/Although he had failed many times, he didnt lose,heart.尽管失败了很多次，他仍没有灰心。,6表示方式或伴随,现在分词短语作方式状语或伴随状语，常用来说明动作发生时的背景或情况。一般情况下，表伴随的分词的动作和主句的动作同时发
7、生，它可以转换成用 and 连接的并列句。如：,Please answer the question using another way.,请用另一种方式回答这个问题。(表方式),Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team,let out loud shouts of victory.,胜利的那一队球迷们把帽子扔到空中，爆发出震耳欲聋的,欢呼声。(表伴随),三、现在分词和过去分词的区别1与逻辑主语的关系不同,逻辑主语与现在分词之间是主谓关系，与过去分词之间则,是动宾关系。如：,a running machine
8、一台运转的机器a moved girl 一个被感动的姑娘2时间关系上不同,现在分词常表示正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表示已经,完成的动作。如：,a developing country 发展中国家a developed country 发达国家,一、用所给单词的正确形式填空,1While _ (watch) television, we heard the doorbell,ring.,2_ (gaze) at the star sky, she lost in her memory.3Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we wer
9、e,together, _ (have ) fun.,4He glanced over at her, _ (note) that she was tiny.,noting,having,Gazing,watching,5The flowers _ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden,attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.,6 The old man, _ (work) abroad for,twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland,7_ (kno
10、w) the truth, he left without any,hesitation.,8The storm left, _ (cause) a lot of damage to,this area.,smelling,having worked,Having known,having caused,二、 用动词-ing 形式改写下列句子1 As we didnt know what to do, we asked the teacher foradvice. _ ， we asked the teacher for,advice.,Arriving at the station,2Whe
11、n he arrived at the station, he found the train had left._，he found the train had left.3The man who is talking with my teacher is my dad.The man _ is my dad.,Not knowing what to do,talking with my teacher,4 The girls went out of the classroom, and they talked and,laughed.,The girls went out of the classroom, _.,5If you work hard, you will succeed._， you will succeed.,talking and laughing,Working hard,
