1、在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,Unit 1 A land of diversity Period 3Grammar & Writing 课件（人教版选修8，重庆专用）,名词性从句（一）,一、概念,二、引导名词性从句的连接词,在复合句中，作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由that, whether, what，who，which，whatever，whoever，
2、whom，how，when，where，why等引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。注：whom，who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意义。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.,三、 分类1主语从句,谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何
3、成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：It be 名词 that从句It be 形容词 that从句It be 动词的过去分词 that从句,It 不及物动词 that 从句在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) do”，常用的句型有：It is ne
4、cessary(important，natural，strange，etc.)that.It is suggested(requested，proposed，desired，etc.)that.主语从句不可用if来引导，应用whether。Whether he is going abroad hasnt been decided.他是否要出国还没有定下来。,在复合句中，用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但
5、如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.,2宾语从句,我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾
6、语从句常用“(should) 动词原形”。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。,I want to know what he has told yo
7、u. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)我知道他自从1998年以来就学习英语。当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外)，从句则要用相,应的过去
8、时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.老师告诉我们说汤姆已经出发去美国了。think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。,在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语
9、的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 系动词 that从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,3表语从句,那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to r
10、ain. 看上去天要下雨了。【温馨提示】 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他迟到的原因是早晨他晚了一分钟，错过了火车。whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。,四、 应注意的问题1what与that的区别,What we need to do is to provide better education for girls. (宾语)我们需要做的就是为女孩子提
11、供最好的教育。That the students need more knowledge is the key problem. (不充当成分)学生需要知识是最关键的问题。,在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a引导主语从句并在句首时；b引导表语从句时；c引导从句作介词宾语时；d从句后有“or not”时；e后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
12、一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。,2whether与if 在作“是否”讲时的区别,I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？与其他从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。In ones own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。The club will give whoev
13、er wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。,3名词性从句的语序,4who / whoever，what / whatever等的用法区别,【感悟高考】1.As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose suits you best. （2012陕西，20） A.whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever 解析 句意：这里有五门课程供你选择，你可以自由选择 任何一门最适合你的。本题考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主 语成分，故排除C和D选项。题干中已给出选择的范围as
14、many as five courses are provided,因此选择B项符合句意。 答案 B,2.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. （2012江西，25） A.whether B.where C.which D.that 解析 句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。本题 考查主语从句。“It occurs to sb that.”句型表示“某人 （突然）想起”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为 that引导的从句。 答案 D,3.Before a problem can be solved，
15、it must be obvious _the problem itself is. (2011湖南，31) Awhat BThat Cwhich Dwhy 解析考查名词性从句。句意：在解决问题之前必须弄 清楚问题本身是什么。what引导主语从句，并在主语从 句中充当表语。句中的it是形式主语。选A。 答案A,用名词性从句完成下列句子I want to know_ _ _ _ _ _. 我想知道是否是好消息。She will name him _ _ _ _. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。It remains unknown _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 他们何时结婚依然不明。The f
16、act_ _ _ _ _ _ _.,事实是近来谁也没有见过他。Its a pity _ _ _ _ _ _. 你非走不可真是件憾事。答案whether its good news or notwhatever she wants towhen they are going to get marriedis that he has not been seen recentlythat you should have to leave,Is that_you had a few days off?Awhy Bwhat Cwhen Dwhere解析句意：上周我驱车去珠海观看航模展览。那是你请几天假的
17、原因吗？选A。答案A,【单项填空】I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.,AWhen BHow Cwhere Dwhat解析根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态。句意：我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。答案A, I still remember_this used to be a quiet village.,matter_it was?Awhere BWhat Chow Dwhich解析这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本
18、书，所以要填which。句意：我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？答案D,I read about it in some book or other，does it,school graduates will be admitted into universities.Awhile Bthat Cwhen Das解析考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。答案B,Information has be
19、en put forward_more middle,Yes, it could be.I wonder_we can do about it.Aif Bhow Cwhat Dthat解析考查名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C。句意：不知道我们能就此做些什么。答案C,I think it is going to be a big problem.,假设你是红星中学高二一班的学生李华，近日你班同学参加了世界自然基金会WWF组办的
20、“低碳生活”活动，大家开始在日常生活中减少能源、纸张等的消耗。请根据以下四幅图提供的信息，写一篇英文日记，介绍你们参加此次活动第一天的具体做法。,应用文(一),日 记,【写作任务】写一篇英文日记【写作内容】,【写作要求】 词数不少于100。【写作分析】 第一步：认真审题,一审体裁：本次写作要求写一篇日记。属应用文写作范畴。日记是用来叙述一天生活中发生的有意义或值得今后回忆、查阅或参考的事情，同时谈谈对该事情的看法。记叙文或简单的议论文是日记的常用体裁。 二审格式：一般在左上角写上当天的日期(月、日、年)、星期；右上角写上当天的天气情况。星期也可省略不写，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期
21、也可缩写。天气情况必不可少。,三审时态和类型：日记的时态常用一般过去时，因为写日记的时间通常是在当天的下午或晚上，第二天也可以补记。当然，在记叙天气、描写景色，或为了描写生动、议论某事，或表示客观事实、普遍真理时，要使用一般现在时；如果要表达个人感想、打算或决心，可用一般将来时。日记可分为记事、议论、描写和抒情等类型。本篇以记事为主。以记事为主的日记一般按事情发生的先后顺序来记叙，常借助一些表示时间先后顺序的词语来展开。如：at first, then, later on, afterwards, soon, finally, at last等。,第二步：提炼要点1. participate
22、in2. Lowcarbon Living3. rather than4. switch off5. make full use of6. no longer7. environmentfriendly 8. form a good habit,第三步：扩点成句 1My classmates and I participated in the activity of Lowcarbon Living organized by the WWF. 2We chose to go to school by bike or on foot rather than by bus or car. 3We
23、made sure the lights and the computer were switched off. 4In order to make full use of paper, we began to write on both sides. 5We no longer used plastic bags but carried environmentfriendly ones. 6I think what we did on that day was meaningful, which can help us to form a good habit.,【参考范文】June 10
24、Thursday Sunny Recently, my classmates and I participated in the activity of Lowcarbon Living organized by the WWF. This morning, we chose to go to school by bike or on foot rather than by bus or car. Before we left the classroom, we made sure the lights and the computer were switched off.In order t
25、o make full use of paper, we began to write on both sides.Besides, while shopping, we no longer used plastic bags but carried environmentfriendly ones.,I think what we did on that day was meaningful, which can help us to form a good habit.We should also call on the people around us to do something f
26、or Lowcarbon Living.Only in this way will the earth be a good place to live on. 【亮点展示】 1这是一篇记事型的日记，语言简洁明了，结构严谨，且能写出自己的内心感受，符合日记的语言特点和文体结构。 2行文流畅，过渡自然：this morning，before we left the classroom，while shopping。,3句式富有变化性，运用了高级句式we chose to go to school by bike or on foot rather than by bus or car，非限制性定语
27、从句I think what we did on that day was meaningful, which can help us to form a good habit., 倒装句Only in this way will the earth be a good place to live on.等。,【写作模板】 May 20, 2012 WednesdayFine I had an unforgettable trip to 地点 . The weather was 天气 today. My classmates and I went on a guided trip to 地点
28、by coach . It took us about 时间 . As soon as we got there, we were divided into several groups, with a professional guide to show us around. First， 先参观 . Then we visited 又参观 . In the end, we 第三件事 Although tired, I 感受 . I hope 希望 ,1表示转折关系的词：but, while, however, yet，rather than, not.but, whereas，.by co
29、ntrast，although，in contrast，nevertheless，on the contrary，on the other hand，otherwise，regardless of，though，yet，despite the fact that, even so，even though，however, in spite of，instead 2表示选择关系的词：or, either.or，.3表示原因，结果关系的词：for, thus, because, since，.,写作常用词句积累 (一),4表示并列关系：not only.but also, and, both.an
30、d, as well as, neither.nor.5表示时间关系的词：when, while, as, before, after, after a while ，afterward，again，and then, as long as，at last，at length，at that time，furthermore，in addition，meanwhile，moreover，now，since，so far，soon，then，until，until now.6表示目的的词：for this purpose, so that, in order that，.7表示让步关系的词：although, though, even though/ if.8表示条件的词：if，unless, as/so long as，.,
