1、,1. lose heart丧失勇气或信心 【原句】The scientist from whom . . . never lost heart when he was in trouble. (P37) 的科学家当陷入麻烦时从不灰心。,She lost her heart to the handsome guy. 她爱上了这个英俊的小伙子。The boy learned the poem by heart. 这男孩背下了这首诗。He was heart and soul against the new rules. 他完全反对新规定。,When he was a child, he lost
2、 his heart to writing poems. With many years putting his heart into it, it seemed as if nothing had been achieved, but he will never lose heart. 当他是个孩子时，他就喜欢上了写诗。经过很多年致力于写诗之后，他似乎一事无成，但他永不灰心。,完成句子 He failed many times, but he did not lose heart (没有失去信心). (lose) He is such a person that he likes doing
3、 everything heart and soul (全心全意地做一切事情). (heart),2. escape vt. n. 逃脱；逃走；泄露；逃避【原句】It was a prison from which no one escaped. (P38) 那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。,Gasoline escaped from the overturned truck. 汽油从翻了的卡车中流了出来。The matter escaped from my mind. 这件事情我都忘了。You were lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 你
4、逃避了惩罚, 真幸运。,He tried to escape prison. 他试图逃脱坐牢。He tried to escape from the prison. 他试图逃出监狱。,完成句子She managed to escape from the burning car (从燃烧的汽车里逃出来). (escape)The prisoners tried to escape (试图逃跑)but failed. (escape),3. come to power当权；上台 【原句】I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela a
5、nd the ANC came to power in 1994. (P38) 在曼德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没再工作了。, He promised that once he came to power, he would set out to improve the living conditions. 他承诺说一旦他当权，他就会开始着手改善生活条件。The headmaster has been in power for nearly six years without any achievement. 校长在职近六年，毫无建树。,完成句子 Since he came t
6、o power (上台), he has taken some steps to improve peoples living conditions. (power) While he was in power (执政), he made several mistakes which made the public unhappy. (power),4. beg vi. 请求；乞求【原句】All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. (P38) 在此期间，我的
7、妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。,The old man was so poor that he had to beg in the street. 那位老人迫于贫困, 只好沿街乞讨。The child begged to go with his mother. 那孩子恳求和他妈妈一起去。,完成句子She begged me to wait for her (央求我等她)，for she didnt want to be left alone. (beg)In order to hand in his paper on time, he begged for a favour (要求帮
8、个忙). (beg)Usually，there are some beggars who beg money from passers-by (向路人讨钱). (beg),5. reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏【原句】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. (P38) 他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人
9、的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。,It was unfair that he got very little in reward for his hard work. 他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers. 他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。,完成句子 In reward for her help (为感谢她的帮助), I treated her to a dinner. (reward n. ) He was well rewarded (受到很好的奖励)for his kindne
10、ss. (reward v. ),6. set up设立；建立【原句】1952 set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg，. . . (P39)1952年(他)成立律师事务所来帮助约翰内斯堡的贫穷黑人， A fund will be set up for the dead mens families. 将为死者家属设立一项基金。They decided to set up a new school. 他们决定建一所新学校。,根据下列两句表达的意义，你能总结出划线部分之间的关系吗？ Do you know how to
11、 set about going on with this work? 你知道怎样着手继续这项工作吗？ Do you know how to set out to go on with this work? 你知道怎样着手继续这项工作吗？【思考提示】set about doing sth. =set out to do sth. 开始着手做某事；about为介词，而out为副词。,填入适当的介词或副词They will set off for Paris next week. Once I realized what was wrong, I set about correcting it.
12、Having made the plan, she set out to carry it out. You had better set your idea down before you forget it.,7. sentence vt. 判决；宣判. n. 判决；句子 be sentenced to被判处(徒刑) 【原句】1962 sentenced to five years hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. (P39) 1962年由于鼓励用暴力反对反黑人的法律(他)被判处五年劳役。,The ju
13、dge sentenced the robber to five years in prison for robbery. 因抢劫, 法官判决那个抢劫犯五年监禁。The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior. 由于他的恶劣行为，囚犯被判处死刑。,同义句转换The judge sentenced the person to three years imprisonment. The judge sentenced the person to three years in prison . The judge sente
14、nced the prisoner yesterday. The judge put sentence on the prisoner yesterday.,1. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. (P38)他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。此句为主从复合句。when引导的定语从句修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings，并在从句中充当时间状语。should have done本应该做，强调事实上没
15、有做，此为虚拟语气的表达。,The year when they travelled abroad was 1999. 他们到国外旅游的那一年是1999年。You should have been here at four oclock, but you didnt. 四点时你就应该在这儿，可是你不在。I should have done the shopping with you yesterday. 昨天我本应该陪你一起去购物的。,完成句子 Sunday is a day when people dont have to go to work (人们不用上班的一天). (when)That
16、 was the year when he was born (他出生的那一年). (when)Why has she not come back? Well, I should have gone with her (本应和她一起去). (should) They should have arrived in Shanghai (本该到达上海)last night, but their flight was delayed (耽搁). (should),2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. (P38) 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的
17、心情很不好。(1)此句为主从复合句。the first time引导时间状语从句。此处名词短语the first time用作连词，意为：第一次(2)名词短语用作连词的常见用法：the moment / the minute / the second= as soon as. . . 一就each time/ every time. . . 每次,The moment he arrived at the hotel， he telephoned his parents. 他一到宾馆就给父母打了电话。,完成句子 The first time they met (each other) (他们第一
18、次见面), they found that they had a lot in common. (time)After living here for a long time, they came to the cave for the first time (第一次到洞穴来). (time) Its the first time (第一次) that they have met a foreigner in this small town. (time),1. stop . . . from doing. . . 阻止做【原句】He said they should not be stopp
19、ed from studying for their degrees. (P38)他说他们不该被剥夺为学位而学习的权利。,He prevented the villagers from cutting trees. 他阻止村民砍树。 Nothing can keep me from doing that. 没有什么能够阻止我做那件事。,We were prevented/stopped/kept from entering the meeting room. 我们不被允许进入这个会议室。,完成句子 What you said will not stop him from carrying ou
20、t the plan (阻止他执行这个计划). (stop，carry) The poor man was prevented from (被阻止) entering the splendid restaurant. (prevent),2. educate vt. 教育；训练educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的【原句】Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office. (P38)因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。,She tried to educate her sons taste in
21、 music. 她试图培养她儿子对音乐的爱好。He was well-educated, and behaved well. 他受过良好教育，举止得体。,完成句子 It is not the way to educate a child (教育孩子)by making him do things against his will. (educate) After he was educated at the local high school (在当地中学受过教育), he went on to Peking University. (educate),3. terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人
22、；恐怖时期；恐怖活动 【原句】All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. (P38) 我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。,On seeing the frightening scene, the girl ran away in terror. 一看到这个可怕的场景，女孩惊慌地逃跑了。Just like many other girls, she has a terror of snakes. 像很多其他的女孩一样，她怕蛇。,完成句子Her eyes were filled with fear (充满恐惧). (fill,
23、fear)He always has a terror of losing his job (害怕失去工作). (terror),4. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. (P38) 他们并不比我更聪明，却通过了考试。此句为并列分句，并列连词but此处表示转折意义。本句中not cleverer than意为“不如聪明”，属于“not + adj. / adv. 的比较级+ than”结构，表示两种情况客观上的比较；而“no + adj. / adv. 的比较级+than”结构意为“和一样不”，表示说话人
24、的主观感受。,Jamess Chinese was not better than hers. Her Chinese was better than Jamess. 詹姆斯的汉语没有她的好。Jack is no more careful than Jim. 杰克和吉姆一样不认真。,完成句子 Jack is no richer than (与一样穷) his friend. (rich) The reason that he gave for being late is not better than (不如好) Toms. (good),5. So now I am proud to sho
25、w visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land. (P38)所以现在我能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为我们的人民在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。此句为并列句。for为并列连词，连接两个分句，并起着补充说明原因的作用。句中be proud to do sth. 做某事很骄傲；make our people free意为：使人们自由。即： make + 宾语 +adj. ，为动词make 后跟复合宾语。,He was proud to be elect
26、ed chairman of the Students Union. 他为当选学生会主席而自豪。 Itll make me very happy if you accept it. 如果你愿意接受，会使我非常高兴。That made it impossible for us to go on. 那使我们无法进行下去。,完成句子What he said made her upset (让她很不安). (make, upset)They are growing some flowers to make their yard more beautiful (使他们的庭院更美). (make),. 多
27、项选择1. It has been five years since he came to _. 2011莆田高一检测 A. powerB. controlC. forceD. charge【解析】选A。 考查名词。come to power相当于come into power当权；上台。句意：他执政已经五年了。,2 He was _to six years in prison because of a car accident. A. madeB. caused C. sentenced D. killed【解析】选C。考查动词。句意：由于一场车祸，他被判处六年监禁。be sentenced
28、 to. . . “被判处”为固定搭配。,3. He is well _，so he can do well in this kind of job. A. amusedB. educatedC. directed D. concerned【解析】选B。考查动词。句意：他受过很好的教育，因此可以胜任这份工作。be well educated受过良好的教育。,4. We often see some poor people _money in the market. A. ask forB. ask toC. beg forD. beg of【解析】选C。句意：我们经常看见一些可怜的人在市场上讨
29、钱。beg for“请求，乞讨”。,5. The brave man received a _for saving the drowning(溺水) man. A. rewardB. honorC. praiseD. result【解析】选A。 reward“奖金”。B、C两项为不可数名词, result“结果”。结合句意及名词用法可知A项最佳。,【举一反三】The girl got nothing _her kindness, which made her very sad. A. in honor ofB. in favor of C. in danger of D. in reward
30、for【解析】选D。 考查短语意义辨析。按照句意应该是对做好事的报答，故选D项。,6. A monument(纪念碑)was _in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives for the country. 2011厦门高一检测A. got upB. set upC. built upD. turned up【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：人们建立了一座纪念碑来纪念那些为祖国而献身的英雄们。set up“建立”，符合句意。get up起床; build up增强，加大； turn up调大，出现。,7. These football playe
31、rs were not specially _until they joined our club2011大庆高一检测Aeducated B. exercised Cpracticed Dtrained【解析】选D。句意：这些足球运动员直到加入我们俱乐部才得到专门训练。educate教育；exercise锻炼；practice练习；train训练。,8. Encouraged by his friends, Jack didn t _and kept on trying it. 2011承德高一检测A. lose faceB. lose heart C. come upD. cheer up【
32、解析】选B。句意：受到朋友们的鼓励，杰克没有丧失信心，继续努力下去。lose face丢脸；lose heart灰心，泄气，丧失信心；come up走近，发生，被提出；cheer up高兴起来，使振作。,【举一反三】 He never _heart even though he has failed several times. A. failsB. losesC. takesD. puts【解析】选B。句意：即使他失败了几次，他也从不灰心。lose heart “灰心，失去勇气”，为固定表达。,9. The competition(竞争) among them is fierce(激烈的),
33、 and everyone has a _of losing jobs. A. terrorB. fearC. hopeD. help【解析】选A。句意：他们之间竞争激烈，每一个人都害怕失去工作。have a terror of doing sth. 害怕做某事。,10._ my opinion, you shouldnt go there by yourself. A. OnB. ToC. InD. At【解析】选C。句意：在我看来，你不应该独自去那里。in ones opinion在某人看来。,. 完成句子1. He begged her for (恳请她)forgiveness. (be
34、g)2. He received a medal in reward for (报答)his bravery. (reward n. )3. He was made president (被选为会长)of the club. (make, president)4. In his opinion (在他看来), what they did is wrong. (opinion),5. No matter what you do, never lose heart (千万不可泄气). (lose) 6. The school has set up (已成立)a special class to h
35、elp poor readers. (set)7. The first time (第一次)they visited the Science Museum，they showed great interest in everything they saw. (time)8. It was lucky that he escaped being caught (差一点被抓住) by the enemy. (escape， catch),A little Scotch boy was sitting in his grandmothers kitchen. He was 1 the red fla
36、mes in the wide-open fireplace and quietly wondering about the 2 of things. As a matter of fact, he was 3 wondering and always wanting to know.,“Grandma, ” he asked, “what makes the fire 4 ? ”This was not the first time he had 5 his grandmother with questions that she could not 6 . So she went on wi
37、th her preparations for 7 and paid no attention to his 8 . Above the fire an old-fashioned teakettle (茶壶) was 9 . The water within it was beginning to bubble (沸腾). A thin cloud of 10 was rising and soon the lid began to 11 . Yet when the boy peeped(窥视) under the lid he could see 12 .,“Grandma, what
38、is in the teakettle? ” he asked. “Water, my child. Nothing but water, ” answered his grandmother. “But I know there is something else in there. Something that 13 the lid and makes it shake, ” he said. The grandmother laughed, “Oh, thats only steam. ”,The boy lifted the lid and looked 14 again. He co
39、uld see nothing but the bubbling water. The steam could not be seen 15 it was out of the kettle. “How 16 ! ” he said. “The steam must be very strong to lift the heavy iron lid. Grandma, how much water did you put into the kettle? ”“About a quart (夸脱, 容量单位)，Jamie. ”,“Well, if the steam from so little
40、 water is so 17 ，why would not the steam from a lot of water be much stronger? Why couldnt it be made to lift a much greater 18 ? Why couldnt it be made to turn wheels? ”The grandmother 19 no reply. These questions were more confusing, she thought. She went about her work 20 , and Jamie Watt sat sti
41、ll in his place and studied the teakettle. 本文描述了Jamie Watt 是如何善于观察并追究事物的根源的。,1. A. watchingB. makingC. playingD. showing 【解析】选A。联系本句和下句中的wondering等信息可以推知，他是坐在厨房里“看 (watch)”火炉里的红色火焰并且思考问题。2. A. resultsB. basesC. causesD. excuses【解析】选C。根据文中提到的Jamie Watt善于观察，总是刨根问底可知，此处指他在思考事情的“起因(causes)”。3. A. neverB
42、. alwaysC. hardlyD. seldom【解析】选B。结合句中and的并列意义及always可知，这里指他总是在思考，总想知道事情的前因后果。,4. A. burnB. growC. changeD. live 【解析】选A。他在问祖母是什么使火燃烧。5. A. surprisedB. interested C. frightened D. confused【解析】选D。 confuse“使困惑”，指他已经不是第一次用这样的问题让祖母疑惑不解了。6. A. acceptB. rememberC. answerD. offer【解析】选C。根据So she went on with
43、her preparations for及最后一段祖母的反应可知，她回答不了这些问题。,7. A. picturesB. supperC. studyD. play 【解析】选B。根据他们在厨房的语境，结合他们所谈论的话题可知，祖母继续准备晚饭。8. A. questionB. behavior C. clothes D. expression【解析】选A。祖母不再理会他的问题。9. A. hangingB. risingC. flowingD. moving【解析】选A。此处指茶壶吊在炉火上面。hang “悬挂”。,10. A. waterB. fogC. iceD. steam【解析】选D
44、。根据下文几处提到的steam可知，此处指一团蒸汽升起。11. A. leapB. ringC. shakeD. turn 【解析】选C。此处指蒸汽使得壶盖开始振动。12. A. somethingB. nothing C. anythingD. everything 【解析】选B。当他往壶盖下面看的时候，却什么也看不到，因而开始问祖母茶壶里是什么。,13. A. touchesB. pullsC. coversD. lifts 【解析】选D。此处表示他觉得应该有别的东西把盖子举起来。14. A. upB. forwardC. insideD. outside【解析】选C。根据下句他除了沸腾的
45、水外什么也没看见可知，此处是指他拿起盖子往壶里看。15. A. thoughB. untilC. becauseD. so 【解析】选B。这些蒸汽直到出了茶壶才可以看到。,16. A. strangeB. luckyC. importantD. beautiful 【解析】选A。他对观察到的现象弄不明白，可知这一现象对他来说是多么奇怪。17. A. highB. cloudyC. hotD. strong 【解析】选D。根据本句的why would not the steam from a lot of water be much stronger可知，此处表示蒸汽的力量之大。,18. A. lidB. kettleC. weightD. wheel 【解析】选C。联系上文的to lift the heavy iron lid及上句语境可知，此处指为什么不可以用更多的蒸汽支撑起更大的重量。19. A. tookB. madeC. followedD. received【解析】选B。根据下文祖母的行为可知，她没有作出回答。 20. A. silentlyB. happilyC. angrilyD. carefully【解析】选A。祖母开始“默默地(silently)”去做自己的事情了。瓦特仍然静静地坐在那里研究茶壶。,Thank you!,
