1、Section Grammar & Writing,写作专题突破,Unit 1,语法专题突破,Section ,语法专题突破,品味语法1The film has been seen many times(by me)这部电影我看过好多次了。2Up to now 3,000 English words have been learned (by me)到现在为止我已经学了3000个英语单词。,自我探究例1,2是现在完成时的被动语态，现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been过去分词”构成，其中第三人称单数用has，第三人称复数及其余人称用have。,讲解归纳现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完
2、成时被动语态的各种句式：肯定式have/hasbeendoneYour computer has been repaired.你的电脑已经修好了。否定式have/hasnotbeendoneThe desks have not been cleaned.这些桌子还没有擦干净。,疑问式Have/Has主语beendone?Has the door been painted?那扇门粉刷了吗？No，it hasnt.不，还没有。二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段的时
3、间状语连用。例如：,Im sorry，but the letters havent been typed yet.很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件)The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。(结果是，现在不用做这项工作了)2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long.？句型中。例如：,The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours.这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。3用在时间或条件状语从句中
4、，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。,三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点:1现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。2与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况有联系。例如：The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年修成的。,The library h
5、as been built.这座图书馆已经修好了。3非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。例如：How long has he joined the army？()How long has he been in the army？()他参军多长时间了？,【注意】这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。The book has not been borrowed since l
6、ast month. 自上个月以来就没有借过这本书。,.完成句子1由于大雪，高速公路已经被封闭。The freeway _because of the heavy snow.答案：has been closed2对不起，先生，这次展览的门票已经全部卖完了。Sorry，sir，all the tickets for the exhibition _.答案：have(been)sold out,3这座城市明年将建多少座大楼？How many high buildings _in this city next year?答案：will be built4为了多种一些谷物，很多树被砍掉了。Large
7、numbers of trees _to grow more grain.答案：have been cut down,5我喜欢这部科幻电影，它已经在电视上播了三次了。I like this science fiction film and it _ three times on TV.答案：has been broadcast6至于英语演讲比赛，举办的时间和地点还没有确定。As for the English Speaking Competition，when and where it_hasnt been decided yet.答案：will be held,.用括号内动词或词组的适当形式
8、填空1More than 5,000 used bikes_ (collect)since the two brothers set up the organisation.答案：have been collected2Since the cause of this disease_ (discover)，now we need to develop the medicine to treat it.答案：has been discovered,3Over the past ten years，this town _ (hit)twice by earthquakes.答案：has been
9、hit4Will the lecture be held at 4 oclock this afternoon?No.It_(put off)till tomorrow afternoon.答案：has been put off,5Her novel is very popular among people of all ages；so far it_(translate)into 25 languages.答案：has been translated,.单项填空1His sister left home in 1998，and _since.Ahad not been heard ofBha
10、s not been heard of Chad not heard ofDhas not heard of解析：选B。考查时态及语态。句意为：他姐姐1998年离家出走，从此杳无音信。根据句中since可知本题需用完成时，同时根据句意可知需用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。,2Though we dont know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic_.Ahad changedBwill changeCwas changedDhas been changed解析：选D。考查动词时态、语态。句意为：尽管我们不知道讨论的内容，但我们能感觉到讨论
11、的话题变了。根据题意，句子应用被动结构，排除A项和B项，又根据时态一致，排除C项。,3(2011年南安高一检测)Every possible means _to save the wounded soldier up to now.Awas triedBwere triedChave been tried Dhas been tried解析：选D。由时间状语up to now可知应用现在完成时。另外，主语means与try之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。means为单复数同形的单词，由其前的every可知此处作单数名词。故选D项。,4The new dictionaries are very u
12、seful.They _well and _already.Asell；have been sold outBsold；had sold outCsell；sell outDare sold；have been sold out解析：选A。第一空sell说明主语的性质，为不及物动词用法，不能用于被动语态；第二空根据副词already可知“已卖完了”；且sell out(售完)与dictionaries间为被动关系，故选A项。,5(2011年聊城高一检测)A new school library _here.It is said that they hope to finish it next
13、month.Awill be built Bis builtChas been built Dis being built解析：选D。由后一句“据说他们希望下一个月完工”可知目前图书馆正在建设中，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。,6When you get the paper back，pay special attenion to what_.Ahave marked Bhave been markedChad marked Dhad been marked解析：选B。根据前面的时态，此处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态，而不能选择D，因为时态错误。,7The boys_many times not
14、 to swim in that lake，but it doesnt make any difference.Ahave told BtoldChave been told Dwere being told解析：选C。根据句意可知，the boys和tell之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据but后面的分句可知，应用现在完成时，故答案选C项。,8Can we sit at the table near the window?Im sorry，but it_already.Awas taken BtookChas taken Dhas been taken解析：选D。it代指the tabl
15、e，和take之间是被动关系；又根据already和句意可知用现在完成时，故答案选D项。,9Ive heard that a talk on American history_ in the meeting room this Friday.Ais given Bhas been givenCwill be given Dgives解析：选C。根据句意，报告是在下周要做，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。,10.I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_ the cloth _well.Ahave told；washedBhave been told；wa
16、shesChave been told；washedDwas told；washed解析：选B。根据句意“因为我被告知这种布很好洗”可知第一空用完成时的被动语态；第二空表示主语具有的属性，用主动表被动，故用washes。,11Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where _ yet.Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decidedCisnt being decided Darent decided解析：选A。句意为：詹姆斯教授要给我们做一个关于西方文化的讲座
17、，但时间和地方还没有决定。由yet可知，本句应用完成时，又因时间和地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。因此，正确答案为A。,12.(2010年高考福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.Apromised Bwere promisedChave promised Dhave been promised解析：选D。句意为：每年大量农民工涌入深圳，去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺挣钱的工作。此处农民工是“被许诺工作
18、”，需要被动语态，排除A、C。B项仅表示一般过去时的被动，D项表示“已经被许诺”，故选D。,13Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings _.Ahad been taken place；have been set upBhave taken place；have been set upChave been taken place；have been set upDwere taken place；were set up解析：选B。take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态；set up与buildings是动宾关系，故用被动语态
19、。,14Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303?It should be 302.But I hear that it_tomorrow.Awas put off Bwill put offChas been put off Dis put off解析：选C。put off(推迟)与meeting之间为被动关系且根据句意“会议已被推迟到明天”，故用现在完成时的被动语态。,15The window is dirty.I know.It_for weeks.Ahasnt cleanedBdidnt cleanCwasnt cleanedDhasnt been
20、cleaned解析：选D。考查时态及语态。句意为：窗户很脏。我知道。已经好几周没擦了。window和clean是被动关系且强调发生在过去的动作影响到现在。所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。,写作专题突破,写一篇想像作文【写作要求】假定你设计出了一款新机器人家用机器人，请你介绍一下其主要功能。可参考下面的内容：1可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；2可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；3及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打求救电话等。,注意：1.词数：120左右；2内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。【审题谋篇】1从本质上讲，本文是一篇想像作文，在写其功能时，要注意充分合理地想像
21、，不能脱离现实。2使用一般现在时，合理使用其他时态。3本文可采用总分总的结构。开头整体介绍，中间具体介绍，最后作总结。,【写作要点】1当我们不在家时它能够照顾老人。(1)It can_the old people_.(2)It can_the old people_.(3)It can _the old_.答案：(1)take care of；when we are away(2)look after；when we are out(3)watch over；while we are not at home,2做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整。(1)The time _can be arran
22、ged/ adjusted _.(2)It can cook meals at a fixed time _ according to personal needs.答案：(1)for cooking meals; according to individual needs (2)which can be adjusted/arranged,3它能非常容易地处理我们遇到的困难。(1)It is very easy _we meet.(2)The difficulties we meet_.答案：(1)to deal with the difficulties(2)can be dealt wi
23、th easily by it,4如果老人突然生病，机器人可打电话求助。(1)If an old man falls ill _， the robot will _for help .(2)If an old man falls ill _，the robot will dial 120 for help.(3)If an old man falls ill _， the robot can _.答案：(1)suddenly; call doctors (2)all of a sudden (3)all at once；give the doctor a call for help,5总之，它
24、对你很有用处。(1)_，it would _for you.(2)_，it would _for you.(3)In a word, it would _to you.(4)In conclusion, it _to you.答案：(1)In a word；be of great help (2)In one word; be very helpful (3)be of great benefit(4)would be very beneficial,【连句成篇】_,【佳作欣赏】Here is a new type of robotthe household robot. It can hel
25、p us in many ways.Firstly, it can take care of the old people when we are away and can also accompany the old people in having a chat，playing chess，and doing exercises.Secondly，it can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs.,Thirdly，it can deal with emergencies
26、.For example,if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, the robot will call doctors for help.In a word, it would be of great help for you if you own such a robot.,【类文点津】1想像作文的分类想像作文可分为两类：一是写自己的设想、追求、愿望、梦境的习作，这类习作往往与科幻结合在一起。另一类是童话，运用“拟人”手法，把各种动植物、物品想像成“人”，通过有趣的故事，告诉读者某个道理。2写好想像作文需做到以下几点：(1)要大胆想像：写想像作文，
27、一定要展开想像的翅膀，大胆想像。,(2)想像要合理：想像是以生活为基础的，因此我们写想像作文，一定要从生活实际出发，展开合理的想像，不能脱离实际。另外，想像要有所节制，要有一定的中心，要为表现文章的中心思想服务。(3)想像的内容要具体，切忌说空话。(4)要表达自己的真情实感。想像作文是自己对未来的幻想，饱含着自己对美好生活的热爱和向往。因此，我们在写想像作文时也应该在描写未来的同时表达自己的真情实感。,3常用表达People will become.in the future.I think.in the future will be more interesting and wonderfu
28、l.What. will look like in the future?Have you ever thought about.in the next 30 or 50 years?We can imagine that.In addition, there will be super computers or robots which can help us do.Great changes will take place in the future.I believe my dream will come true some day.,In a way computers can be
29、considered a technological revolution because they have“artificial intelligence”so that they can simplify difficult sums, “think” logically and solve any difficult mathematical problem. With the development of the network, computers have become very important in communication，finance and trade, and
30、people all over the world can share their knowledge with others through the,World Wide Web. Nowadays boys and girls even use their mobile phones to surf the Internet. In order to explore the moon and Mars, computers have already been put into space rockets. In a word, computers can nearly deal with
31、most problems in life.With the help of computers, the goal of human race will be turned into reality.,在某种程度上电脑可以被看做是一次科技革命。因为电脑有“人工智能”，因此它们能够简化复杂数字，逻辑“思考”，解决任何复杂的数学难题。随着网络的发展，电脑已经在通讯、金融和贸易方面变得非常重要。世界各地的人们可以通过因特网与其他人分享他们的知识。如今少男少女们甚至用移动手机上网冲浪。为了探索月球和火星，在太空火箭上已经安装电脑。总之，电脑几乎能够处理生活中,大部分的难题。在电脑的帮助下，人类的目标将会变成现实。然而，正如一句谚语所说的：每枚硬币都有两面。我个人认为(personally就个人而言；亲自)，如果你使用电脑不恰当，不如意的事情就会发生。例如，由电脑操作员编程的电脑游戏是那样奇妙，以至于很多年轻人非常喜欢它们。他们甚至整(totally完整地；整个地)日整夜玩电脑游戏，不去上学。结果，荒废了学业。有时候当你下载一,些东西的时候，能够导致电脑瘫痪的病毒就会出现。不管怎样，如果你有一台电脑，你的生活就会充满幸福。,本部分内容讲解结束,点此进入课件目录,按ESC键退出全屏播放,谢谢使用,
