1、根据以下所给的资料，以“Social Customs between Americans and Chinese”为题,用英语写一篇短文概括所给的信息。 世界上不同的地方社会习俗也不同。比如，在美国两个人第一次见面就直呼对方名字，即使是年轻人对年长者也是这样，而在中国这样被认为是很不礼貌的。 另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么话题。比如，询问别人穿的大衣的价格，中国人觉得这没什么，而美国人则认为这是很不礼貌的。 注意：词数100左右。,范文背诵Social Customs between Americans and Chinese Social customs differ in differe
2、nt parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so. Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. Chinese think nothing of being
3、 asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.句型背诵 Social customs differ in different parts of the world.In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation.,1. _ adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 _ n.
4、 差别； 区分；卓著2. _ n.手段；方法 _ v.意思是;打算;意味着 _ n.意思，意义 _ adj.有意义的 _ adj.无意义的3. _ n.大多数；大半 _ adj.主要的；重要的 _ n.少数;少数民族4. _ n.百分比;百分率 _ n.百分之几5. _ vi.移入（外国定居） _ n. 移民；移居入境6. _ adj.人种的；种族的 _ n.种族；比赛v. 和竞赛；比赛7. _ n. 申请人 _ v.申请；应用 _ n. 申请；应用程序,8. _ n. 社会主义者；社会党人；adj.社会主义者的 _ n.社会主义 _ n. 社会9. _ vi.发生；出现 _ n.发生;出现;
5、事件10. _ vt.指出;表明；标示；暗示 _ n.指示；表明；指示物11. _ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 _adv.显然地；显而易见地12. _ vt. apparently 12. hire 13. mourn,1. live _ 继续存在；继续生存 2. by _ of . 用方法;借助3. _ a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4. keep _ 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）5. back _ back 背靠背6. _ up with 与合作或一起工作7. _ out 画线；标出界限8. take _ 包括；吸收9. a great/good _ 许多；很多10
6、. apply _ 申请；请示得到答案：1. on 2. means 3. make 4. up 5. to6. team 7. mark 8. in 9. many 10. for,1. However, _ _ _ _ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。2. _ _ , many _ _ the diseases brought by the Europeans.此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
7、3. It didnt _ _ _ that .我没有想到答案：1. it is likely that 2. In addition; died from3. occur to me,1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著Employers should hire men and women without distinction. 雇主雇用工人应不分男女。 What is the distinction between butterflies and moths? 蝴蝶与飞蛾有什么不同之处? 常用结构：make a distinction between对加以区分withou
8、t distinction无差别地；一视同仁地【联想拓展】distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in.from.在方面与不同distinct from.与不同（的）,【即学即练】完成句子这与上面所讨论的是不同的。This is _ _ what was discussed above.我们必须分清是非。We must _ _ clear _ _ right and wrong.这两种观点截然不同。Those two ideas are quite _ _ each other.答案：distinct from make a ；distinction betwe
9、endistinct from,2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）It is all a means to an end.这只是达到目的的一种手段。Only by this means can you do it well.只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。常用结构：by means of 通过；借助by all means 一定，务必；尽一切办法；当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分 倒装）by every means 尽一切可能的办法be any means 无论如何；以任何方式【即学即练】完成句子这绝非是解决问题的良计。This is
10、 _ _ _ a good way to solve the problem.,他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。He let himself down slowly _ _ _ a rope. 你务必在他去新加坡之前提醒他。You should _ _ _ warn him before he leaves for Singapore答案：by no means by means of by all means【易混辨析】means/way/methodmeans 指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。way 指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法或方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无
11、关。method 指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念的“条理”。 【即学即练】选词填空（means/way/method）These vegetables can be cooked in different _ .,Only in this _ can you find out the truth.This is a very direct _.By no _ shall I lend him money! 答案：ways method means means单项填空May I have a look at your book? _. A. By this means
12、B. By all means C. By this way D. By any means解析:选B。by all means意为“一定，务必；当然可以”，符合句意。Every possible means _ been tried，and we find only _ this means can we do it well. （20109山东烟台检测）A. have; in B. have; byC. has; in D. has; by,解析：选D。means单复数形式相同；every possible means意为“每一种可能的方法，”故可排A、B两项；by this means意
13、为“通过这种方法”，为固定结构。故选D项。用法点拨：means单复数同形(词尾-s)。其若用作主语时，其谓语动词需根据句意来确定。被every/each/one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；some/several/many/few/all等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。All possible means have been tried.所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried.每一种可能的办法都已经试过了。注意：若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数形式时，其谓语动词用单复数均可。Is/Are there any other means of
14、doing it?做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?表示以某种方式、方法或手段，用介词by。Only by this means can you solve the problem.,只有通过这种办法你才能解决这个问题。by means of意为“用，依靠”。Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想靠语言来表达。表示做某事的方法或手段，多接“of(动)名词”。But they had no means of cooking them.但是他们没有办法来把它们煮熟。3. majority n. 大多数；大半A/The majority of doctors
15、 agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数have a majority over sb. 获得多于某人的;战胜某人with a majority of 以大多数的,【即学即练】用适当的介词填空Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed ch
16、anges are _ the majority. They had a large majority _ the other party at the last election. 答案：in over用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空The majority of people _(prefer) peace to war.The majority of the damage _ (be) easy to repair.答案：prefer/prefers is用法点拨：当majority单独用作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。当majority单独作主语，如果后面的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用
17、复数形式。如：The majority attended the meeting yesterday are students.昨天参加会议的大部分都是学生。the majority of +复数名词+复数谓语动词；the majority of +不可数名词+单数谓语动词。,4. occur vi. 发生；出现The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off.这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。Didnt it occur to you that he might be late?你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?常用结构：occur to (主意或
18、想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使人想到干某事it occurs to sb. that. 某人想到【联想拓展】sth. occur to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.it occurs to sb. that.it strikes sb. that.,it hits sb. that.某人突然想起（主语不能是人，用所想到的事情或it作形式主语）大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语，特别是当主句的谓语动词是 appear, turn out, happen, occur, come, str
19、ike, follow, matter等词或短语时，一般用it作形式主语，借助主语从句来表达意思。【即学即练】完成句子The possibility that she might be wrong never even _ _（被想到） her.A good idea _ _ （被想到） him.答案： occurred to occurred to单项填空 _ he had forgot to take his notebook. （20109山东临沂检测）A. That occurred to him B. To him that occurredC. He occurred that D
20、. It occurred to him that解析：选D。考查occur的用法和it作形式主语。(an idea) occur to sb.意为“（一个主意）浮现在某人脑中”。句意为：他想起来忘带,笔记本了。5. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor. 电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。His hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的犹豫表明不愿意。常用结构：indica
21、te sth. (to sb.) 把指给（某人）看；向（某人）表示某事indicate that/wh.表示；示意【联想拓展】indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的【即学即练】完成句子我问他我姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。,I asked him where my sister was and he _ the shop opposite _ me 研究表明男人比女人更容易戒烟。Research _ _ men find it easier to give up smoking than women.答案：indicated；to indicates
22、that【速记名片】delicate 光滑的；精致的；dedicate 奉献；intricate复杂的；indicate 提示；表明6. live on 继续生存；继续存在That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter. 那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。 The soldiers camped in the open and lived on wild plants.那些士兵在野外扎营以野生植物为食。,【联想拓展】live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生live throug
23、h sth. 经历某事物而幸存live to be.= live to the age of.活到岁live a.life 过着的生活【即学即练】用live相关的短语填空The lonely old man _ charity. Mozart is dead but his music _.My grandfather _ both world wars. Her grandma _ 84.答案：live on lives on lived through lived to,7. mark out 画线；标出界线【联想拓展】mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事mar
24、k down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格【即学即练】完成句子他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 They _ _ the tennis court with white paint.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Just a moment. Let me _ _ your name and address.有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。Some shops _ _ the goods unfairly.答案：marked out mark down marked up,8. take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗【联想拓展】take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记
25、下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆起昔日take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take over 继承;接收，接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞take on 承担，从事；呈现take ones place 入座；代替某人的位置take ones time 不急，慢慢干,【即学即练】用take的相关短语填空Dont be _ by his promises.Who do you think will _ now that the governor has been dismissed? These boxes of yours are _ too m
26、uch space. I was really _ when seeing old photos. Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _.The opera is soon to begin.Tom carefully_ what the teacher said.答案：taken in take over taking up taken backtake your place took down,9. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest populat
27、ion.（P1）加利福尼亚是美国的第三大洲，而且是人口最多的州。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。【即学即练】完成句子黄河是中国的第二长河。The Yellow River is _ _ _ river in China.亚洲是世界上最大的洲。Asia is _ _ the largest continent in the world.答案：the second longest by far,. 单词拼写1. After the arrival of the Europeans, the native people
28、 were forced into s_.2. You have difficulty in moving to America, because the rules of i_ is rather strict for the foreigners.3. Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m_ were against it.4. Obama was e_ as the forty-four president of the United States.5. The rural r_ has achieved good re
29、sults, and there has been a noticeable change in the countryside. 6. My uncle h_ two people to help him in harvest last autumn.7. I was in half the way when it suddenly _(想到) to me that I had left my notebook home.8._ (显然)，he was mistaken about by the others.,9. It is believed that before long the m
30、ix of_ (国籍) will be very large.10. I was one of the _（申请人）for the job. 答案：1. slavery 2. immigration 3. majority 4. elected5. reform 6. hired 7. occurred 8. Apparently9. nationalities 10. applicants. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空by means of/make a life/occur to/team up with/mark out/take in/a great/good many1. Our
31、 trip _ a visit to the old temple built in the Ming Dynasty.2. It never _ me to ask him for help. 3. I got to know Jack years ago and now we _ each other quite well. 4. Thoughts are expressed _ words.,5. _ workers joined in the general strike last week. They wanted higher wages. 6. The old man used
32、to _ by selling newspapers. 7. We _ a tennis court on the lawn. 答案：1. takes in 2. occurs to 3. team up with4. by means of 5. A good many 6. make a life 7. marked out. 完成句子1. Those who will attend the meeting have _ _ （不同的国籍）. (nationality)2. Every applicant must fill in _ _ _ (申请表)from now on. （appl
33、icant）3. The two issues _ _ _（区别）each other.（distinct）4. The clouds _（预示）the coming of rain.,5._ _ （大量）of his income is spent on his house every month.6. Bicycles _ _ _ （出租）in the shop.（hire） 7. It is _ (显然)that he is not interested in this newly designed project.8. Taking a plane is the quickest _
34、_ _ （到达方式）there.(mean)9. It _ _ (突然想起)me that I should call on Tom tonight.10. Nowadays, many young people from country are going to big cities to _ _ _ (谋生)for themselves.答案：1. different nationalities 2. the application form3. are distinct from 4. indicate 5. The majority6. are hired out 7. apparen
35、t/obvious8. means of getting 9. occurred to 10. make a life,. 单项填空1. Shall I give you a ride as you live so far? _.A. It couldnt be better B. Of course you canC. If you like D. Its up to you解析:选A。“It couldnt be better”意为“再好不过了”，是对别人邀请的回答；Of course you can表达生硬，不符合交际用语习惯；If you like是对别人请求的回答；Its up to
36、 you意为“随便”。 2. You fool! How can you let such a chance _ through your fingers.A. ski B. spread C. slip D. glide解析:选C。句意为：你真笨！你怎么能让这么个机会从你指间溜走呢？ski 滑雪；spread延伸； slip滑过；溜走；glide滑行。3. People have _ views on the policy published recently, because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey(调查).A. Exc
37、ited B. surprised C. frightened D. mixed解析:选D。mixed views意为“各种各样的观点”，符合句意。,4. Every possible means _ to help the poor people in Africa.A. have tried B. have been tried C. has tried D. has been tried解析:选D。means是单复数相同的名词，从空前的every我们知道，means在这里是单数，同时它与try间的关系是被动的，因此用被动语态。5. He can hardly _ his wifes ba
38、d-temper， so he decided to seek divorce with her.A. teamed up with B. caught up withC. put up with D. kept up with解析:选C。team up with与合作；catch up with赶上；put up with忍受； keep up with跟得上。根据句意，选C。6. Peter is no longer a lazy boy _ he used to be.A. What B. whom C. when D. how解析:选B。what引导名词性从句，而这里需要的是boy后的
39、定语从句，因此用whom。7. Human beings are different from animals _ they can use language as a tool to communicate.,A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which解析:选A。in that为固定短语，相当于because，意为“因为”。其他选项引导的是定语从句。8. The window in my room _ shut. So I have to get it repaired.A. doesnt B. Shouldnt C. Wont D. Co
40、uldnt解析:选C。will在句中是情态动词，意为“肯；能”，表达事物的特征。9. Shirley, can I have a look at your photos? _.Here you are.A. By any means B. By no meansC. By this means D. By all means解析:选D。根据句意可知，说话人同意，因此用by all means，意为“行；没问题”。10. _ is no possibility _ he can finish the task within two days.A. There; that B. It ; that
41、 C. There; whether D. It; whether解析:选A。There is no possibility that.为固定句型，意为“没有可能”。,11. The company is starting a new advertising campaign to _ new customers to its stores. A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer解析:选B。考查动词词义辨析。join参加,结合,加入；attract吸引，招引；stick （常与in, into, through连用）（把尖物）插入，刺入，戳入；tran
42、sfer（常与to连用）迁移，调任，转移。根据句意可知，选B。12. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which解析:选A。考查what引导宾语从句的用法。recognize 后面要接宾语，所以从句一定是宾语从句。what是一个形容词，在宾语从句中作定语，修饰mistakes；that引导宾语从句时，不作句子成分；how是副词，修饰形容词或副词；which表示从所提供的对象中进行选择。故选A。13. Every
43、 possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.,A. are being used B. have been usedC. has been used D. had been used解析:选C。every修饰means，所以means表示的是单数意义，故排除A、B两项；D项时态与语境不符，故排除。14. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.（2002上海春）A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting解析:选A。考查动词mean的用法。mean doing.意味着；mean to do.打算做。15. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which解析:选C。考查what引导介词宾语从句的用法。where引导宾语从句时，在句子中作地点状语；how 引导宾语从句时，在句子中作方式状语；宾语从句缺少主语，所以排除A、B两排；which表示从所提供的对象中进行选择，不符合本句语境。故选C。,
