1、,.词汇拓展1. n.建设;建筑物 vt.建设;修建 adj.建设性的;有助益的答案：construction;construct;constructive2. vt.moved,5. adj.热情的;热心的n.热情;热心n.热心者;爱好者答案：enthusiastic;enthusiasm;enthusiast6. adj.小心的;谨慎的 adv.小心地;谨慎地n.小心;谨慎答案：cautious;cautiously;caution7.vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃n.拒绝;否决答案：reject;rejection8.n.宇宙;世界adj.普遍的;全世界的adv.全体地;普遍地答案：unive
2、rse;universal;universally,.短语互译1.apart from答案：除之外;此外2.(be) strict with答案：对严格的3.通向;导致答案：lead to4.讲得通;有意义答案：make sense5.有时;间或答案：at times,.重点句型1. you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放到中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。答案：Only if2.He placed a fixed sun at the c
3、entre of the solar system with the planets it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。答案：going round,篇章信息Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.Why was Nicolaus Copernicus so cautious and couldnt tell anyone about his theory?A.He was not sure that
4、 he was right.B.He was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church.C.His friends told him not to.D.He would like to keep his theory a secret.,答案：B,2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Nicolaus Copernicus was excited and happy when he found his theory.B.Nicolaus Copernicus showed his th
5、eory privately to his friends in 1510.C.Nicolaus Copernicus didnt publish his theory until he lay dying in 1543.D.The Christian Church accepted Copernicus theory at last.3.There is a direct link between Copernicus theory and the work of the following scientists EXCEPT .A.Madam CurieB.Isaac NewtonC.A
6、lbert EinsteinD.Stephen Hawking,答案：C,答案：A,4.What is the main idea of Text 2?A.Copernicus worked out the theory that the moon was the centre of the solar system.B.Copernicus thought that the earth was the centre of the solar system.C.Copernicus worked out the theory that the sun was the centre of the
7、 solar system.D.Copernicus published his theory that the sun was the centre of the solar system.,答案：C,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1.contribute vt.投稿(P4)He contributed a large sum of money to the hospital.他向这个医院捐助了一笔巨款。The poet has contributed his poems to the newspaper.诗人已把诗投给了这家报社。What he did contributed to his
8、success greatly.他所做的一切极大促进了他的成功。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,contribute.to. 把捐献给;把投给contribute to 促进,有助于;是的原因之一contribution n.捐款,贡献make a contribution/contributions to/towards.捐赠/贡献给,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the fol
9、lowing phrases.(P4)除了上面提到的结构,你们还学过以下短语。apart from 除之外;此外(后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式)Apart from the Summer Palace,we visited other places of interest in Beijing.除了颐和园,我们还参观了北京其他的一些名胜。Nobody apart from Kate knows where Thompson lives.除了凯特,没有人知道汤普森住在哪里。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,except,besides,except for,except that,apart f
10、rom,but,in addition(to)except 除(不包括其后的宾语)。besides 除了还(包括其后的宾语),可以用作介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。另外,它还可以做副词,表示“并且,而且”。except for 除了(一般表达美中不足)。except that后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节。apart from表示“除外(别无)”时相当于except和except for,但apart from还有“除以外(还)”之意,相当于besides。另外,apart from,except for都可用于句首,但except 不能。but 除了(不包括在某一范围之内)。in
11、addition 除了,相当于besides做副词时的用法;in addition to 表示“除之外,还有”(包括除去内容在内),相当于besides做介词时的用法。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.strict with 对严格的(P6)In school the teacher is very strict with the students.在学校,老师对学生们要求很严格。She has always been strict in her work for many years.多年来她一直对工作非常严格。be strict wi
12、th sb.对某人要求严格,宾语多为人;be strict in sth.在方面要求严格,宾语多为物。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(P7)只有当你把太阳放到中心位置上时,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。1)only在这里修饰if条件状语从句。only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前
13、,但是only 强调主语位于句首时不倒装。Only by working hard can we succeed.只有通过努力工作,我们才能取得成功。Only when he came back did we find out the truth.只有当他回来时我们才弄清了事情的真相。Only you can persuade him to go with us.只有你才能劝说他跟我们一起走。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,当具有否定意义的副词位于句首时也构成部分倒装,如never,neither,nor,hardly,little,seldom以及hardly/scarcely.when,no
14、 sooner.than,not only.but also,not until.等结构。Never in history has technology made such rapid progress.历史上科技从未取得过如此快的进步。2)make sense 意为“有意义,讲得通,是明智的,是合乎情理的”;而make sense of意为“理解或弄懂困难的或似乎无法理解的事物”。What you said made no sense.你的话没有道理。It makes sense to take care of your health.注意身体健康是明智的。Can you make sens
15、e of this poem?你读得懂这首诗吗?,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,sense 的常见搭配:make no sense 没有道理;没有意义in a sense 从某种意义上说in no/little sense 绝不是;绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理come to ones senses不再做傻事;苏醒out of ones senses精神不正常,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,
16、6,7,5.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.(P7)他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets going round it 是with复合结构,在句子中做状语。with复合结构由with+复合宾语组成,常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等,也可做定语。其构成有下列几
17、种形式:(1)with+名词(或代词)+动词-ingWith prices going up so fast,we cant afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,(2)with+名词(或代词)+过去分词I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我眼睛盯着天花板在房间里坐了一会儿。(3)with+名词(或代词)+形容词I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(4)with+名词(或代
18、词)+介词短语With the children at school,we cant take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时却不能去。(5)with+名词(或代词)+副词He was asleep with the light on.灯还亮着他就睡着了。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,(6)with+名词(或代词)+动词不定式With a lot of work to do,he wasnt allowed to go out.因为有很多工作要做,他不得外出。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4
19、,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas,but Copernicus was cautious.(P7)他的朋友都很热心地鼓励他把他的想法公之于众,但是哥白尼很谨慎。1)enthusiastic adj.热心的;热情的The singer got an enthusiastic reception.那个歌手受到了热情招待。All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.所有
20、员工对这一项目都很热心。be enthusiastic about.热衷于,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,enthusiasm n.热心;热衷Although shes a beginner,she played with great enthusiasm.尽管她是个新手,但演奏时却充满了激情。2)cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的A cautious driver never drives his car too fast.一个谨慎的司机从不开快车。The boss is cautious about/of making promises.老板对承诺持谨慎态度。cautious常与介词a
21、bout或of连用,表示“对小心谨慎”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,cautiously adv.谨慎地;小心地caution n.小心;谨慎with caution 小心翼翼,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7.The Christian Church rejected his theory,saying it was against Gods idea.(P7)基督教会拒绝接受他的理论,说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意reject vt. 拒绝;不接受;抛弃It is hard for me to reject some bad habits.我很难改掉一些坏习惯。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Sarah rejected her brothers offer of help.萨拉拒绝了她弟弟要帮忙的提议。Ill make him an offer he cant refuse.我将给他一个他无法拒绝的提议。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
