1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修5,First aid,Unit 5,Section Warming up；Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1根据词性及汉语写出单词及其拓展形式(1)injury (n.)损伤；伤害_ (vt.)受伤_ (adj.)受伤的(2)bleed (vi. & vi.)流血_ (n.)血(3)_ (n.)毒药；毒害(vt.)毒害；使中毒poisonous (adj.)有毒的(4)variety (n.)变化；多样(化)；多变(性)_ (adj.)各种各样的(
2、5)liquid (n.)液体_ (n.)固体,injure,injured,blood,poison,various,solid,(6)_ (n.)辐射；射线radiate (vi. & vt.)辐射(7)mild (adj.)轻微的；温和的；温柔的_ (adv.)轻微地；温和地(8)_ (vi. & vt.)(使)膨胀；隆起swollen (adj.)肿胀的(9)unbearable (adj.)难以忍受的；不能容忍的_ (adj.)可容忍的_ (vi. & vt.)忍受,radiation,mildly,swell,bearable,bear,2短语互译(1)first aid _(2)
3、生病 _(3)get injured _(4)各种各样的 _(5)electric shock _(6)榨出；挤出 _(7)反复；多次 _(8)in place _,(对伤患者的)急救fall ill受伤a variety of触电；电休克squeeze outover and over again在适当的位置；适当,.重点句式1So_you imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.因此，你可以想像到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。2Remove clothing using scissors if necessar
4、y_it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。,as,unless,.根据课文内容填空The 1._is the largest organ of your body, which can protect against disease, 2._and so on. It has 3._functions. But when your skin gets burned it can be very serious, so it is very important to know first aid for burns
5、.A 4._of things can burn your skin, and there are three types of burns. If youve got burns, first，remove clothing using 5._if necessary. For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them.,For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a 6._of cold water,7._them out and
6、 placing them on the burned area over and over 8._for about an hour. Next, dry the burned area gently, then cover the burned area with a dry，clean 9._without sticking totheskin，and holditin 10._with tape.If youve got second or third degree burns, youd better go to hospital at once.答案：1. skin2. poiso
7、ns3. complex4. variety5. scissors6. basin7. squeezing8. again9. bandage10. place,1.aid1)n.(1)U帮助，援助One of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.一位车站工作人员见他有困难，便过来帮忙。(2)U援助；救援物资；救援款项How much overseas/foreign aid does Britain give?英国在援外方面作出多少贡献？,(3)U(完成某工作所需的)帮助、助手、辅助物He was br
8、eathing only with the aid of a ventilator.他只有靠呼吸机才能呼吸。(4)C辅助设备Photographs make useful teaching aids.照片是有用的教具。,2)v.(sb./sth.)(in sth./in doing sth.)|sb.(with sth.)帮助，援助They are determined to aid him in his scientific research.他们决心对于他的科学研究给予援助。They aided me in solving the problem.他们帮助我解决这个问题。Aided by
9、heat and strong winds, the fire quickly spread.借助于高温和大风，火势迅速蔓延。,with the aid of sb.with sb.s aid在某人的帮助下in aid of为了帮助come to ones aid来援助某人do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid进行急救call in ones aid请某人帮忙aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事aid sb. with sth.帮助某人某事,知识拓展,活学活用(1)补全句子I am
10、 collecting money_ _ _ _(为了帮助聋人)答案：in aid of deaf people(2)用恰当介词填空We were greatly aided_our investigation by the cooperation of the police.答案：in警察的合作给我们的调查带来了巨大的帮助。考查介词。aid sb.in sth.意为“帮助某人某事”，介词in符合句意。,2temporary adj. 短暂的，临时的，暂时的A lot of work now is temporary or parttime.现在有很多工作都是临时的或兼职的。The accid
11、ent caused a temporary disability.事故造成了暂时的残疾。The council have placed us in temporary accommodations.委员会给我们安排了临时的住处。,I temporarily lived with my aunt.我暂时和我姑妈住在一起。,temporariness n. 暂时性，临时性temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地permanent adj.永久的反,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)Mary worked here as a_(临时的)secretary and ended up ge
12、tting a fulltime job with the company.答案：temporary句意：玛丽在这儿当临时秘书，结果是在这家公司得到了一份全职的工作。temporary“临时的，暂时的”，符合句意。,(2)This is a(n) _ arrangement, not a permanent one.答案：temporarypermanent“永久的”；temporary和permanent意思相反，根据not a permanent one可判断应填temporary。,3injury n.(1)U & C(to sb./sth.)(对躯体的)伤害，损伤The injury
13、to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game.他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。There were no injuries (no people injured) in the crash.在这次撞车事故中无人受伤。,(2)U (对感情等)伤害、挫伤Damages may be awarded for emotional injury.可能会判处精神伤害赔
14、偿。Most people protect themselves from injury to their selfesteem.大多数人保护自己使自尊心不受伤害。,知识拓展(1)add insult to injury 既伤害又侮辱；把关系弄得更糟；雪上加霜Adding insult to injury, she threw my gift into the trash.更糟的是，她把我的礼物丢进了垃圾筒。(2)do sb./oneself an injury 使(某人/自己)受(身体的)伤害If you try and lift that suitcase youll do yoursel
15、f an injury!如果你要提起那只箱子，你会受伤的！,比较网站injury，wound，hurt，damage，harm,活学活用运用恰当词语填空(1)The teachers words did an injury _ the little boy.答案：todo an injury to为固定短语，意为“对造成伤害”。句意：老师的话伤害了那个小男孩。(2)The bullet _(hurt/wound)the soldier in the head.答案：wounded句意为“子弹击伤了这个战士的头部”。指战斗中受伤通常用wound。,(3)Eating a lot and exer
16、cising little _ harm to your health.答案：do句意为“吃得多而锻炼少对你的健康有害”。do harm to“对造成伤害”。,4bleed v.(1)流血，失血Your arm is bleeding; put a bandage on it.你的手臂在流血，用绷带包扎一下。(2)给(某人)放血Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.医生过去常常为生病的人放血。,(3)sb.(for sth.)长期榨取(某人的钱)The blackmailers bled him for every penny he h
17、ad.勒索者把他的钱榨得一干二净。(4)(为国家、信仰等)流血，牺牲(for)They bled for their country.他们为国流血/牺牲。,(1)blood n血，血液；血统，血缘；血气，性情常见短语：blood bank血库blood relation血亲blood type血型blood test验血(2)bloody adj.出血的；血染的；伤亡惨重的,知识拓展,活学活用(1)翻译句子Blood is thicker than water._答案：血浓于水。(2)用恰当形式填空It was a long and _(bleed)battle and many men we
18、re killed.The best way to treat such_(bleed)is to apply firm pressure.答案：bloodybleeding,5choke v.(1)(on sth.)窒息，哽噎The child was almost choked by the heavy smoke.这孩子几乎被浓烟熏得窒息了。(2)(掐住喉咙)使停止呼吸，使窒息An old woman was found choked to death.发现一个老妇人被掐死了。,(3)(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来，使哽咽She choked with emotion.她激动得说不出话来。
19、(4)sth.(up)(with sth.)阻塞，塞满(通道或空间等)The drains are choked(up)with dead leaves.下水道被枯叶堵住了。,She choked back a sharp reply.她把到了嘴边的一句尖刻的答话咽了下去。The dry spell choked off the supply of water in that area.干旱使那地区断了水。,(1)choke back 强忍住，抑制，克制(2)choke off打断，停止，终止(3)choke out(因感情激动而)哽咽着说，哽咽地说出某事(4)choke up (因感情激动而
20、)哽咽,知识拓展,“I hate you！”she chocked out.“我恨你！”她哽咽着说道。She chocked up when she began to talk about her mother.她开始谈起母亲时，哽咽着说不出话来。,活学活用完成句子(1)她不喜欢那些食物，但还是勉强吞咽了下去。She did not like the food but she managed to _ _ _.答案：choke it down注意choke down中down为副词，故it需置于动词与副词之间。(2)水流进他的喉咙，他呼吸开始困难。Water went down his thr
21、oat and he_ _ _.答案：began to choke,6essential adj.(1)最重要的，不可缺少的Hard work is essential to success.要想成功必须努力工作。It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts.赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。(2)本质的，根本的(通常置于名词之前)There is no essential difference between the two drafts.两份草稿没有本质上的不同。,(1)be essential for/to.对来说是必要的(2)I
22、t is essential (that).做某事是绝对必要的(3)It is essential (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事是绝对必要的,知识拓展,活学活用完成句子食物是维持生命不可缺少的。Food is _ _ life.答案：essential to,7poison1) n.(1)C & U毒药，毒物，毒素He tried to kill himself by taking poison.他曾试图服毒自杀。(2)极有害的思想(或心情等)，精神毒药Some people say that selfishness is a poison in our societ
23、y.一些人说自私是我们社会的一害。,2) v.(1)sb.(with sth.)毒死，毒害Someone tried to poison our dog.有人想毒杀我们的狗。(2)下毒，在中放毒He feared that someone had poisoned his food.他害怕有人在他的食物中下了毒。(3)毒化，败坏，使恶化Envy of his friends success poisoned his mind. 嫉妒朋友的成功使他产生了邪念。,poisoner n投毒杀人者，毒死别人的人poisonous adj.有毒的；恶毒的，恶的；极端讨厌的hate sb. like po
24、ison对某人恨之入骨poison ones mind against说坏话使某人认为不好,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当形式填空When the boy was nine years old，his father _ (poison) by enemies.答案：was poisoned句意：在小男孩九岁时，父亲被敌人毒害了。poison是及物动词，表示“毒害”之意，此处用一般过去时的被动语态形式was poisoned。,8variety n.(1)C(同一事物的)不同种类，各种式样There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的
25、图案可供选择。Hospitals deal with disease of every variety.医院诊治各种各样的疾病。(2)U变化；多样化；多变性We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。,vary v变化；改变vary in在方面不同vary from. to./vary between. and.从到不等various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的variously adv.以各种方式，不同地a (great/wide) variety of多种多样的varieties ofkinds ofsorts of多种多样的,知识拓展,I h
26、ave a variety of/varieties of books at home.我家有各种各样的书。The quality of the students work varies considerably.学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。Prices vary according to the type of room you require.价格随所要求的户型而有所变化。This city is known for its various bridges.这个城市因为各种桥梁而著称。,活学活用用恰当形式填空(1)In the botanical garden we can find a_
27、(various)of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.答案：variety句意：在植物园，我们可以找到各种各样的植物，从高大的树木到小花。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，符合句意。相当于varieties of.。(2)Nowadays，people get news around them and about the world from_(variety)media ways：on TV，on the radio，in the newspaper or on the Internet.答案：various考
28、查形容词。various各种的，多种的。,9mild adj.(1)温和的，和善的，不严厉的Use a soap that is mild on the skin.使用刺激性不强的肥皂。(2)(天气)温和的，和煦的The weather is mild today；it is neither hot nor cold.今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。(3)(情感)温和的，不强烈的，轻微的He gave a mild answer, in spite of his annoyance.他尽管已恼火，但回答得还是很和蔼。,(4)和善的，随和的Hes the mildest man you could
29、wish to meet.他是最温和的人了。(5)不浓的，淡味的I like this brand of wine because its very mild. 我喜欢喝这个牌子的酒，因为它的味很淡。,活学活用补全句子史密斯先生是这样一位性情温和的人，他从来不发脾气。Mr. Smith is _ _ _ _ _he never loses his temper.答案：such a mild person that或so mild a person that,10electric1) adj.(1)电的；发电的；用电的，电动的This heavy freighter is driven by t
30、wo electric motors.这辆重型运输汽车是由两台电动机驱动的。He bought an electric hairdrier for Mary.他给玛丽买了一个电吹风。,(2)充满刺激的，令人激动的The news had an electric effect.这消息顿时使群情激昂。The presidents speech had an electric effect on the crowd, and the students all cheered him.校长的演说震撼人心，学生们都向他欢呼。2)n. U供电The electric will be off tomorro
31、w.明天将会停电。I havent paid the electric yet.我还未付电费。,比较网站electric & electrical,electric shock 触电，电休克，电震，电击,知识拓展,请比较：an electric fan电扇an electric blanket电热毯an electrical engineer电机工程师electrical equipment电器设备,活学活用选词填空electric; electrical；electronic; electricity(1)The cooker isnt working because of an_fault
32、.(2)Dont leave the lights on because it wastes_.(3)Translators can now work from home, via_mail systems.(4)This heavy truck is driven by two_motors.答案：(1)electrical(2)electricity(3)electronic(4)electric,11swell1) v.(1)(up)膨胀，肿胀His injured wrist began to swell (up)他受伤的手腕开始肿起来。(2)(sth.)(out)(使)凸出，鼓出Th
33、e wind swelled(out)the sails.风把船帆刮得鼓起来了。,(3)(sth.)(to sth.)(使)增加，增大，扩大The membership swelled to 200.会员增加到了两百名。 (4)变得更响亮；增强The murmur swelled into a roar.窃窃私语的声音变大形成一片喧哗。(5)(with sth.)充满(激情)His heart swelled with anger.Anger swelled in him/his heart.愤怒在他的心中涌起/他心中燃起怒火。,2) n.(1)C, usually sing.海浪的涌动，涌浪
34、The boat was caught in a heavy/strong swell.船遇上了大浪涌。(2)sing.增加，增大；扩大，增强There was a swell in the citys population.该市出现过人口膨胀。,提示：swell的过去式、过去分词分别为swelled，swollen。,swelling n膨胀，肿胀；浮肿处swollen adj.肿胀的；上涨的swell up肿胀swell (sth.) out(使)突出swell sth. to使扩大/增加到swell with pride/joy满腔自豪/喜悦,知识拓展,活学活用完成句子他看到女儿领奖时心
35、中充满了自豪感。His heart_ _ _as he watched his daughter collect her prize.答案：swelled with pride,12squeeze 1) v.(1)挤压；捏He squeezed on the tube until some toothpaste came out.他挤牙膏管直到挤出一些牙膏。(2)sth.(out of/from sth.)|sth.(out)(从某物中)榨出，挤出，拧出I squeezed an orange and drank the juice.我把橘子挤出汁喝了。,(3)(sb./sth.)into,
36、through, etc. sth.|through, in, past, etc.(使)挤入，挤过，塞入We squeezed into the crowded room.我们挤进拥挤的房子里。(4)sb.(for sth.)向勒索(或榨取)，逼迫给That guy is capable of squeezing money out of his old mother.那家伙做得出勒索他老母亲钱财的事来。(5)给造成财务困难，使财政受限制Climbing cost of cotton squeezes mill profits.上涨的棉花价格减少了纺织厂的利润。,图解助记,2) n.(1)C
37、, usually sing. 挤压，捏He gave my arm a squeeze.他捏了一下我的胳膊。(2)sing.挤，塞Its a tight squeeze to get five people in that small car.五个人坐在那个小车里真是太挤了。(3)C榨出的液体，少量挤出的汁She put a squeeze of lemon in her drink.她在饮料中放了一点柠檬汁。,(4)C, usually sing.(可获得的钱，工作岗位等的)减少，削减，拮据，经济困难Shes just lost her job, so theyre really feel
38、ing the squeeze.她刚失了业，这下他们真正感到艰难了。,squeeze. out of/from.把从中榨出来squeeze money out of/from sb.勒索某人的钱财squeeze into挤进squeeze through挤过，勉强通过,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当词语填空To reach a balance and reduce the burden on students，English is bound to be squeezed_from the major subject timetable in the near future.答案：out句意：为了实
39、现平衡和减轻学生负担，在不久的将来，英语肯定会被从主课程表中挤出去的。squeeze out挤出，榨出。本句为被动形式，out符合语境。,13vital adj.(1)极其重要的，必不可少的(常与to/for连用)Such measures are vital to national security.这些措施对国家安全是必不可少的。Regular exercise is vital for your health.经常锻炼对健康非常重要。It is vital that you keep accurate records.保持准确的记录非常重要。,(2)有生命的，充满活力的He is a s
40、trong and vital man.他是一个身强体壮、朝气蓬勃的男子。The drawings were crude but wonderfully vital.这些图画虽然粗糙，但充满活力。(3)(仅用于名词前)维持生命所必需的the bodys vital processes 基本的生命活力,Its vitally important that you all attend the meeting.你们都要参加会议，这极为重要。Despite his eighty years Tom was full of vitality.尽管已经80岁了，汤姆仍然精力旺盛。提示：在It is vi
41、tal that.句型中，that从句的谓语常用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”。Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.对我们所有人而言体谅别人是极其重要的。,vitally adv. 极大地，极必要地vitality n. 生命力，生气；活力,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当形式填空(1)Nick is a school caretaker ，so it is vital that he_(get)on well with young people.答案：(should)get句意：Nick是一名学校门卫，因此与年轻人融洽相
42、处至关重要。It is vital that.句式中，that从句应该用“(should)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。,(2)The way teachers treat the students will_ (vital)affect their growth in the future.答案：vitally句意：老师对待学生的方式将对他们未来的成长有极为重要的影响。考查副词。vitally极为重要地，符合语境，在句中作状语。,14pour v.(1)使(液体)流出，倾倒Although I poured it carefully, I still managed to spill some.尽
43、管我倒这东西时很小心，但还是洒了一些。He poured some water into a glass.他往一只玻璃杯里倒了些水。(2)倒，斟(饮料)Ive poured you a cup of coffee.我给你倒了杯咖啡。I was in the kitchen, pouring out drinks.我在厨房里倒饮料。,(3)(液体、烟、光等)倾泻，喷发Tears poured down his cheeks.眼泪顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。Thick black smoke was pouring out of the roof.黑色浓烟从屋顶滚滚冒出。(4)涌进(出)，多强调比喻含
44、意The men poured into the hall for the meeting.男人们涌进大厅开会。(5)(雨)倾盆而下The rain poured down endlessly.倾盆大雨下个不停。,This river pours into the Pacific.这条河流入太平洋。She poured out all her troubles to him.她向他倾诉了一切烦恼。,pour into涌入pour out倾诉；倾吐,知识拓展,活学活用补全句子当我们单独在一起的时候，她向我诉说了她婚姻破裂的情况。When we were alone，she_ _ _ _ _ _a
45、bout her broken marriage.答案：poured out her heart to me,15damp(1)adj. 潮湿的，微湿的，湿气重的Dont sleep between damp sheets.睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥。The cottage was cold and damp.这间小屋又冷又湿。(2)n. U潮湿，湿气，湿块儿Air the clothes to get the damp out.晾晾衣服以驱潮气。Dont stay outside in the damp.外面潮湿，不要待在外面。,(3)v. 弄湿，使潮湿；抑制，减弱(感情等)She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg.她弄湿手巾，把它裹在他的腿上。Nothing could damp his spirits.任何事都不能败他的兴。,The party was a bit of a damp squib.这次聚会有些扫兴。Her remarks damped down their enthusiasm.她的一席话给他们的热情泼了冷水。,
