1、Global Warming,Unit 4,Section Warmingup; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 4,.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1根据词性及汉语意思写出单词及其拓展形式(1)_(adj.)胡乱的；任意的(2)_(vi.)趋向；易于；照顾(vt.)照顾；护理(3)_(n.)趋势；倾向；走向(4)_(n.)洪水；水灾(5)_(adj.)温和的；温柔的；淡的(6)_(n.)种类；范围(7)_(vt.)消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumption(n.)消费；消耗,random,tend,trend,flood,mi
2、ld,range,consume,(8)_(vt.)反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed(adj.)反对的；对立的(9)_(vt.)陈述；说明_(n.)声明；陈述(10)_(adj.)平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily(adv.)平稳地；持续地,oppose,state,statement,steady,2短语互译(1)_发生；造成(2)_ 大量的(3)_ 上升；增长；升起(4)_ 导致(5)_ 反对(6)subscribe to _(7)tend to _(8)even if _(9)keep on _(10)glance at _,come about,quantities of,
3、go up,result in,be opposed to,同意；赞成；订购,倾向于；有助于,即使,继续,(粗略地)看一下；扫视,.根据课文内容填空How does global _1_ come about and does it matter? There is no doubt that it is human _2_ that have caused it rather _3_ a natural phenomenon. The increase in the earths temperature is due _4_ the burning of fossil fuels, whos
4、e byproducts are called _5_ gases, which cause the “greenhouse effect”. With more and more carbon dioxide into the _6_， more heat energy tends to be _7_ in the atmosphere causing global warming up and up, we cant predict what to _8_， but it could be very _9_. And there may be a _10_ of several metre
5、s in the sea _11_ or severe storms, floods, droughts，famines, the _12_ of diseases and the disappearance of species.,1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._11._12._答案：1.warming2.activities3.than4.to5greenhouse6.atmosphere7.trapped8.expect9.serious10.rise11.level12.spread,1.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完The factories c
6、onsume a large amount of coal.这些工厂消耗了大量的煤。He consumed so much chocolate that he got fat.他吃了太多的巧克力，因此变胖了。We should consume most of our time in reading.我们应该把大部分时间花在读书上。The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光了。,知识拓展(1)be consumed with被(某种情感)所折磨(2)consumer n消费者consumption n消
7、费(量)；消耗(量)timeconsuming adj.耗时的巧学助记con(加强意义)sume(take)；take up(消耗)consume消耗,活学活用汉译英(1)她把大部分时间都花在读书上了。_(2)这辆汽车很费汽油。_答案：(1)She consumed most of her time in reading.(2)The car consumes a lot of fuel.,2random adj.胡乱的；任意的The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。I asked a few random questions of El
8、len as we sat there.当我们坐在那里的时候，我随便问了爱伦几个问题。知识拓展at random随意地；胡乱地；任意地He took a book at random off the shelf.他随意从书架上拿下一本书。,活学活用补全句子恐怖分子向人群胡乱射击。The terrorists fired into the crowd _ _.答案：at random,3subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助He didnt subscribe to our proposal.他不同意我们的建议。They havent subscribed to ne
9、wspapers yet.他们还没有订阅报纸。The manager subscribed his name to the document.经理在这份文件上签了字。Many countries have subscribed a great deal of money to Japan.许多国家已经向日本捐献了大量的钱。,知识拓展subscribe to.订阅(报纸或杂志)；同意，赞同；向捐款subscribe for.认购(股票)subscription n订阅费；订购款；订购subscriber n订阅人，订户，订购者Which journal(s) do you subscribe t
10、o?你订阅哪一种杂志？,活学活用(1)补全句子该杂志正大力发展新订户。The magazine is trying to get more readers _ _.答案：to subscribe,(2)The company subscribe _ the view that if you can encourage children to use your products, they will continue to use them when they are adults.AtoBwithCforDon答案：A题意：公司赞成这样的观点，即如果能够鼓励儿童使用你的产品，他们长大后就会继续
11、使用这些产品。subscribe to 表示“同意；赞成”。,4quantity n量；数量I prefer quality to quantity.与数量相比，我更喜欢质量。We were all thirsty, but there was only a small quantity of water left in the bottle.我们都很渴，但瓶子里只剩下少量的水。,知识拓展in quantity(in large amounts)大量地a large/small quantity of大(少)量地the quantity of的数量Advertisement is the ve
12、ry tool to upgrade the brand and also boost the merchandise in quantity.广告是提升品牌并提高商品数量的非常手段。He buys things in quantities.他总是大批量地买东西。,注意：a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词由quantity本身的数决定。a)There is a large quantity of rain in this area.b)There are large quantities of rain in this area
13、.这一地区雨量大。,巧学助记,活学活用补全句子政府花大量资金制止污染。The government spent _ _ _ _money in stopping pollution.答案：a large quantity of,5tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理Prices are tending upwards.物价趋涨。Doctors and nurses tended the injured.医生和护士护理受伤者。,知识拓展tend to do sth.倾向于做某事tend to/towards sth.倾向于某事tend(to) sb./sth.照顾tendency n
14、倾向；偏好When Im tired I tend to make mistakes.当我疲劳的时候，我容易出错。His new magazine has anarchic tendencies.他的新杂志有无政府主义倾向。,活学活用补全句子(1)Women _ _ live longer than men.(tend)女人往往比男人长寿。(2)His views _ _ the extreme.(tend)他的观点趋于偏激。答案：(1)tend to(2)tend towards,6oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量Most of the students opposed hav
15、ing classes on Sundays.大部分学生反对星期天上课。His employees opposed him as a result of the salaries.因为工资问题，他的员工反抗他。He will oppose a young man at the conference.他将在会上与一个年轻人较量。,知识拓展(1)oppose doing sth./sb.s doing sth.反对(某人)做某事(强调动作)(2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的be opposed to(to为介词)反对We oppose settling the dispute of So
16、uth China Sea by force.我们反对武力解决南海争端。The father is opposed to his sons marriage.父亲反对儿子的婚事。,比较网站oppose，object，resist这些动词都含“反对”的意思。,The old man cant bear anyone in the family to oppose him.这位老人决不能容忍家里有人违抗他。I really object to being charged for parking at the hospital.我坚决反对医院收取停车费。They successfully resis
17、ted pressure from their competitors to increase prices.他们成功地顶住了竞争对手提高价格的压力。,活学活用补全句子(1)我反对在街上开车，因为这将会引起空气污染和噪音。I _ _ in the street because it will cause air pollution and noise.(2)我们强烈反对你在这个危险的时间出国的决定，这是不明智的决定。We _ _ _ _ to go abroad at this time of danger. It is not a wise decision.答案：(1)oppose dri
18、ving(2)strongly oppose your decision,7consequence n结果；后果；影响His illness is the consequence of overwork.他的疾病是过度劳累的结果。lf you behave so foolishly, you must be ready to take the consequences.你若如此愚蠢行事，就必须准备好承担后果。As a consequence of a great fire, the house was completely destroyed.由于一场大火，这所房子完全被烧毁了。,知识拓展(1
19、)in consequence(as a result)因此，结果in consequence of(as a result of)由于的缘故(2)consequent adj.随之发生的；由引起的consequently adv.所以，结果,比较网站consequence，result,You must take the consequence of your carelessness.你必须为你的粗心承担后果。The result was quite unexpected.结果是意想不到的。,活学活用完成句子(1)你工作不好，我只能解雇你。_ _ _ your bad work I am
20、forced to dismiss you.(2)我碰上了大雨，所以迟到了。I was caught in the heavy rain and _ I was late.答案：(1)In consequence of(2)consequently,8state vt.陈述，说明The facts are already clearly stated in the report.报道已经对事实作了清楚的说明。Please state whether you are married or single.请说明你是已婚或单身。,知识拓展(1)It is stated that.据称。(2)stat
21、e n状态，状况，情形；政府；州，邦in a bad/good state处于坏的/好的状况中statement n陈述，声明make a statement声明It is stated that the service in that hotel is better than before.据称那家旅馆的服务水平比以前好多了。Should industry be controlled by the state?工业应该由国家控制吗？,The minister at first declined to make a statement, but later she agreed.部长起初拒绝发
22、表声明，但后来她同意了。比较网站state, condition, situation这三个词都含有“情况”的意思。(1)state强调“人、事物以及围绕人、事物的原有状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。He is in a good state.他身体健康。,(2)condition指“由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况”。强调原因、环境以及人、事物的关联。His condition will not permit him to travel.他的情况不允许他旅游。(3)situation指“多种具体情况造成的综合状态”，常着重“这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的
23、关系”。We are in difficult situation.我们处于困境。,活学活用补全句子(1)妈妈健康状况不好。Mother is _ _ _ _ of health.(2)请说出你的姓名和地址。_ _ _ and address.答案：(1)in a poor state(2)State your name,9range n种类；范围；界限；射程v(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.这家酒店提供一系列的设施和服务。Cups and plates were neatly r
24、anged on her shelves.杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。Prices range between $7 and $10.价格在7美元到10美元之间。,知识拓展range between.and.包括(从到)之间的各类事物out of ones range某人达不到range from.to.在和之间变化range over范围涉及a wide range of temperature气温变化大within the range of.在范围之内beyond the range of超越的范围,The price of the house is well beyond our
25、range.这所房子的价格远远超过了我们能承受的范围。There will be an increase in the range of 1 to 3 percent.将会有一到三个百分点的增长幅度。There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.有120名学生年龄在10到18岁之间。,活学活用(1)这家餐厅越来越出名，因为它为各类人群提供了多元化的食物。This restaurant has become popular for _ _ _ _ foods that suit all tastes and pockets.(2)
26、Do get outside the _ of their guns. Its dangerous.AsideBtopCrangeDedge,答案：(1)its wide range of(2)Crange“种类，范围，射程”，outside the range of为固定搭配，意思是“超出的范围”。句意为“一定不要进入他们的射程范围之内，太危险了”。side“侧面”；edge“边缘”。,10glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；扫视 n一瞥Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.快速浏览杂志文章并回答问题。
27、He took a glance at the newspaper headlines.他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的大标题。,知识拓展glance at匆匆瞥一眼have/take a glance at一瞥；扫视；匆匆一看at a glance立刻，一眨眼at first glance乍一看She glanced at her watch and went out.她匆匆看了一下表，出去了。I recognized Mary at first glance, even though we hadnt seen each other for 30 years.尽管30年没见，我还是一眼认出了玛丽。,
28、比较网站glance at, stare at, gaze at，glare at,He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky.他看了看手表，然后又看了看天空。He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。The child gazed at the toys in the shop window.孩子眼睛盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。They stood there, glaring at each other.他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。,活
29、学活用采用glance，glare，stare或gaze的适当形式填空The child _ at the stranger up and down.She looked at him with an angry _.He _ at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.She turned to _ admiringly at her husband.答案：staredglareglancedgaze,11steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的 vt.使平稳，稳住He held the boat steady as she
30、 got in.他把船稳住，让她上了船。The number of people is in a steady increase.人数在持续增长。The little baby is not steady on his feet.这个婴儿走路不稳当。The old man steadied himself against the wall.老人靠墙站稳。,知识拓展steadily adv.稳定地；持续地Oil exports have risen steadily.石油出口已稳步上升。Hes getting better steadily.他的病情持续好转。活学活用用恰当词语填空She was
31、 trembling with excitement but her voice was _.答案：steady,1.depend on/upon 取决于；依赖；依靠；确信；相信；指望Success depends upon your owen efforts.成功取决于你的努力。The success of the test flight depends on the weather.试飞是否成功取决于天气。We can depend on his arriving here on time.我们可以相信他会准时到来。You can depend on him.你可以信赖他。,知识拓展(1)
32、depend on/upon sb. to do/doing sth.依靠某人做某事depend on/upon itthat从句确信；相信(2)It/That (all)depends.那得看情况而定。rely on sb. to do sth.依靠某人做某事(3)dependable abj.可靠的；可信赖的dependence nU依赖；依靠；信任dependent adj.依靠的；从属的；取决于的,Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。How many peopl
33、e use each screen?“每个屏幕有多少人使用？”It/That all depends. “这要看情况。”,活学活用汉译英你可以信赖我会帮助你的。(rely on)_答案：You may rely on me to help you.,2come about完成；造成If the driver had, not got drunk, the car accident wouldnt have come about.如果司机没有喝醉，这起交通事故就不会发生了。As a result of carelessness, the house collapse came about las
34、t spring.去年春天，由于疏忽大意造成了这座房子的倒塌。,温馨提示come about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动结构中，常指情况不受人控制地突然发生。常用句型：How did it come about that.？“某事是怎么发生的？”；It come about that.“发生了”。,知识拓展come up走近；发芽；发生；被提及；(太阳、月亮)等升起 come up with想出；提出come across被理解；偶然遇见come along跟着来；进步；赶快come back回来；记起come on开始；上场；赶快；得了吧come out出版；说出；出现；显示,Ill le
35、t you know if anything comes up.如果有什么事情发生，我会告诉你的。The question hasnt come up yet.问题还没有被提出来。She came up with a good idea for increasing sales.她提出了一个增加销售量的好主意。Her best qualities come out in a crisis.她的优秀品质在危机时显示了出来。Pour some water on his face and hell come to himself soon.往他脸上泼些水，他很快就能苏醒过来。,比较网站come ab
36、out, happen, take place, break out，occur,活学活用用“比较网站”中的词填空(1)The 2016 Olympic Games will _in Rio.(2)It suddenly _ to me that there would be a basketball match between China and South Korea the next evening.(3)They had escaped to America shortly before war _ in 1939.(4)How did the quarrel _between the
37、m?(5)Accidents like this _ all the time.答案：(1)take place(2)occurred(3)broke out(4)come about(5)happen,3go up上升；增长；长起The temperature in the room is going up.室内温度在上升。The number of the employees is going up.就业人数在增长。The curtain goes up on a suburban living room.幕布升起，展现的是一座市郊住宅的客厅。,知识拓展(1)同义词：rise(2)反义词：
38、go down下降Air pollution has risen above the accepted level.空气污染已经超标。The plane went down in flames. All the passengers died in the accident.飞机起火坠落。所以乘客都遇难了。,活学活用补全句子你认为房价在近年会继续上涨吗？Do you think that housing price will keep _ _ in the years to come?答案：going up,4result in导致The talks resulted in reducing
39、the number of missiles.谈判结果削减了导弹数量。The accident resulted in three people being killed.这一事故导致三人死亡。温馨提示result in“导致”与lead to“导致”同义，且in与to皆为介词，两短语可互换。,知识拓展result from因而引起；因而导致as a result结果；因此(作状语)as a/the result of由于；因为without result毫无结果Nothing has resulted from our efforts.我们的努力没有产生什么效果。As a result, h
40、e had to leave his homeland.结果，他不得不离开他的祖国。She was late as a result of snow.她由于下雪而来迟了。,巧学助记,活学活用用result from/in填空驾驶员的粗心导致了这起事故。(1)The accident _the drivers carelessness.(2)The drivers carelessness _the accident.答案：(1)resulted from(2)resulted in,5build up逐步建立；增加；增进Traffic is building up on roads into
41、the city.车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks with stress.各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班。,知识拓展build up ones health增进健康build up a good reputation树立良好的声誉build up the business扩大企业build up a picture of.构思；设想build bridges沟通活学活用补全句子(1)他逐步建立了自己的公司。He has _ _ _ _ _.,体育运动能增强我们的
42、体质。Sports and games can _ _ _ _.(2)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only _ ones strength, but also develop ones character.Abring upBtake upCbuild upDpull up,答案：(1)built up his own businessbuild up our bodies(2)C题意：练习中国功夫不但能强身健体，而且能陶冶一个人的情操。build up意为“增强，增进”；bring up意为“教育，抚养”；take up意为“拿起，从事，占据”；pu
43、ll up意为“阻止，停下”。,6keep on继续I have told him to stop but he keeps on crying.我叫他停下来，但他还是哭个不停。The teacher asks us to keep on working hard.老师要求我们继续努力学习。,比较网站keep doing/keep on doing,He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all the day.他得了重感冒以致于一整天都在咳嗽。The teacher kept on explaining until the studen
44、ts understood.老师反复解释直到学生们听懂为止。,知识拓展keep away from远离keep up with赶上，跟上keep off避开，不接近keep back(使)后退；忍住，隐瞒keep. in mind记住keep in touch with与保持联系keep fit保持健康keep to固守，坚持keep. free from/of.使免受(影响；伤害等)；使不含(有害物),活学活用用keep doing/keep on doing的适当形式填空(1)He _ standing in the rain for 3 hours.(2)They _working although they were tired.答案：(1)kept(2)kept on,1.That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.这个数值对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。,
