1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修5 课标版,Great Scientists,Unit 1,1.1.1集合的概念,Section Warming up, Prereading, Reading &Comprehending,1.1.1集合的概念,Unit 1,.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1根据要求写出下列单词(1)_ (n.)特征；特性(2)_ (vt.)打败；战胜；使受挫(n.)失败(3)_ (vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加(4)_ (vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光(5)_ (n.)治愈；痊愈(vt.)治愈；治疗(6)_ (n.)挑战(vt.)向挑战
2、(7)_ (vt.)吸收；吸引；使专心,characteristicdefeatattendexposecurechallengeabsorb,(8)_ (vt.)认为；怀疑(n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯(9)_ (vt.)预见；预知(10)_ (vt.)责备；谴责(n.)过失；责备(11)_ (n.)柄；把手(vt.)处理；操纵(12)scientific (adj.)科学的_ (n.)科学(13)conclude (vt. & vi.)结束；推断出_ (n.)结论；结束,suspectforeseeblamehandlescienceconclusion,(14)pollute (vt.)污染；
3、弄脏_ (n.)污染(15)announce (vt.)宣布；通告_ (n.)宣布；通告(16)_ (vt.)命令；指示；教导instruction (n.)命令；指示,pollutionannouncementinstruct,2短语互译(1)_ 提出(2)_ 得出结论(3)expose.to _(4)be to blame _(5)link.to. _,put forwarddraw a conclusion,使显露；暴露应受责备将和联系或连接起来,.重点句式1_its cause _its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2So man
4、y thousands of terrified people died_ _there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。答案：1.Neither；nor2.every time,.根据课文内容补全短文John Snow was a/an _1_ doctor in London who _2_ Queen Victoria as her personal _3_. But he also wanted to help those ordinary people who were _4_ to cholera. The cause and the _5
5、_ of the disease were not understood. So John Snow wanted to face the _6_ and solve this problem. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. And the second suggested that people _7_ this disease into
6、 their bodies with their meals. John Snow _8_ that the second one was correct but he needed evidence. So he was ready to begin his _9_ in 1854. As the disease spread quickly through poor _10_， he began to gather information about the disease.,1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1.famous2.attended3.physic
7、ian4.exposed5cure6.challenge7.absorbed8.suspected9.enquiry10neighborhoods,1.discover v. 发现；发觉Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲大陆。Did you ever discover who sent you the flowers?你到底有没有弄清楚是谁送花给你？,比较网站discover，invent，create,活学活用用invent，discover或create的适当形式填空(1)Gilbert _ electricity, but
8、 Edison _ the light bulb.(2)Shakespeare _ many tragedy characters in his plays.(3)She never _ how to open the little box.答案：(1)discovered；invented(2)created(3)discovered,2characteristic n. & adj.(1)n. 特征；特性Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?谁
9、利用豌豆来展示身体特征是怎样从父母传给他们的孩子的？Honesty is one of his characteristics.诚实是他的特点之一。,(2)adj. (of)特有的，典型的She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.她说话带着特有的热情。The vase is characteristic of the 16th century Chinese art.这只花瓶是16世纪中国艺术的典型代表。,characteristically adv.特有地characterize v是的特征，以为典型，使具有特点character n品质；特点，特性；
10、人物,知识拓展,比较网站characteristic, feature, character以上各词均有“特色，特征”的含义。(1)characteristic指“特殊的、易于辨认的特性或特征”；即：某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。A useful characteristic of the car is its ability to see in the dark.这种汽车的一个有利特点是在黑暗中能看清东西。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.
11、骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。,(2)feature指“引人注意的显著特征或细节”，多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.团队合作是这项训练计划的重要特色。His eyes are his most striking feature. 他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛。,(3)character多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。He has a strong but gentle character.他有坚强但温柔的性格。The new buildings have changed th
12、e character of the village.新建筑改变了这个村庄的特点。,活学活用用恰当形式填空Apart from blue eyes, blonde hair is also _ (character)of Swedish people.答案：characteristicbe characteristic of为固定用法，意思是“是的特点，是特有的”。句意为“除了蓝眼睛外，金发也是瑞典人的特点”。,3conclusion(1)n.结论According to the result, I draw a conclusion that she doesnt work hard eno
13、ugh.根据结果我得出结论：她工作还不够努力。We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。,reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion得出结论in conclusion最后，总之bring sth. to a conclusion使结束lead to a conclusion得出结论jump/leap to conclusions匆忙下结论,知识拓展,They came to the conclusion tha
14、t it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。In conclusion, I think there is hope for the future.总之，我认为将来还有希望。,(2)vt.& vi 结束；得出结论；断定We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.从证据看，我敢断定你错了。,活学活用
15、(1)真题改编(2013浙江，9)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it _ important points.答案：with句意：当小组讨论接近尾声的时候，确保要以重点结束。conclude“结论，结束”；conclude.with.“用结束”。,(2)用恰当形式填空After two years talk, the two countries finally came to a(n) _(conclude)that they should give up their prejudice a
16、nd work together for their peaceful development.答案：conclusioncome to a conclusion意为“得出结论”。句意：经过两年的会谈之后，那两个国家最后达成共识，他们应该放弃他们的偏见，为了他们的和平发展而共同奋斗。,4analyse vt.分析，剖析We analysed the causes of our failure.我们分析了失败的原因。By analysing the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.通过分析句子成分我们就能
17、了解更多的英语语法知识。He tried to analyse his feelings.他试图分析自己的感情。注意：analyse是英式英语的写法，美式英语中写作analyze。,analysis n分析；(成分)分析(pl.)analysesin the last/final analysis总之，归根结底,知识拓展,活学活用补全句子对这个问题，我们要抓紧调查研究，作出正确的分析。We must investigate and study this question right away and _.答案：analyse it correctly,5infectious adj.(1)传染
18、的，感染的What do you know about the infectious diseases?关于这些传染疾病你知道什么？(2)(情感、笑声等)极富感染力的He expressed infectious enthusiasm to his voters.他对他的选民表现出了很有感染力的热情。,infect v. 感染，传染infected adj. 受到感染的infection n. 感染infectiously adv.感染地highly infectious 极强传染性的be infected with.感染上,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当形式填空_(infect)by the te
19、acher, the students studied more carefully.答案：Infected过去分词短语作原因状语。句意：被老师所感染，学生们学习更加仔细认真。,6defeat(1)v.打败；战胜；使受挫The army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.这支部队装备精良而且又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome, she never let her prob
20、lems defeat her.虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。,(2)n.失败Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.汤姆英语考试失败了。,比较网站win，beat & defeat(1)win的意思是“赢得；获胜；取得成功”。作及物动词用时，它的宾语通常是奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产、战争或各种运动比赛等等。(2)beat也有“赢；取胜；战胜”的意思。但跟win的用法不同，其后跟的是比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人；beat还有“连续敲打；(心脏)跳动”之意；其过去式为beat，过去分词为beat或beaten。,(3)def
21、eat本来用于描述战争中打败敌人，现在可与beat换用，以表示击败对手。Hard work won him the first prize in the music competition.艰苦努力使他在这场音乐比赛中获得了一等奖。We beat their team by 10 points.我们以10分的优势战胜了他们队。The Americans defeated the British in 1781.美国人在1781年打败了英国人。,活学活用选词填空No difficulty could _(win/defeat)this brave man since he is so confi
22、dent and capable.答案：defeat根据句意可知此人勇敢、自信、有能力，所以可以推断出他肯定不会被困难“打垮，打败(defeat)”。而win一般表示“赢得(比赛项目或奖励)”，不符合语境。,7attend v.(1)看护，照顾There was no one to attend him but Tian.除了Tian外，没有人照顾他。(2)出席，参加Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？,(3)经常去，定期去(某处)Our children attend the same school.我们的孩子
23、上同一所学校。注意：作“照顾，护理”讲时，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席，参加”讲时，attend多作及物动词。,图解助记多义：attendat(ad，向)tend(伸)原义“伸向”：心向着某人或某事为“注意，照顾”；脚步向着某一地方为“出席，参加”。,attendance n出席，到场；出席人数；照顾，护理attendant n服务人员，侍者adj.伴随的,知识拓展,比较网站attend, join, join in, take part in,I attended the meeting at which some Young Pioneers were a
24、ccepted to join the League, all of whom made up their minds to take an active part in school activities and entered the coming roundthecity race.我参加了少先队员的入队宣誓大会。大家都决心积极参加学校各项活动，并报名参加了即将举办的环城赛跑。,活学活用用attend/join/join in/take part in完成句子(1)My father_a revolutionary organization in 1938.(2)May I _ your
25、 conversation?(3)She was sick, so she didnt _ her classes.(4)We are going to _ the singing competition.答案：(1)joined(2)join in(3)attend(4)take part in,8expose v.(1)暴露，显露，露出Their scheme was exposed.他们的阴谋暴露了。(2)揭露，揭穿Lu Xun exposed the evil of the old society in his works.鲁迅在他的作品中揭露了旧社会的罪恶。,(3)expose sb
26、. to sth.使接触，使体验The student has been exposed to English for some six years.这个学生接触英语六年左右了。(4)expose sb./sth./oneself(to sth.)使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)Do not expose your babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。,图解助记,exposed adj.暴露的，无遮蔽的；无保护的,知识拓展She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。注意：expo
27、se的过去分词用作状语时，强调主句的主语处于无遮蔽的状态，相当于“主语beexposed to sth.”。,活学活用(1)补全句子我认为让孩子接触电视上的暴力行为几乎是一种犯罪。I think it is almost a crime _ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：to expose children to violence on TV,(2)用恰当形式填空What made your skin look so terrible?_(expose)to the sunlight for a long time.答案：Being exposed考查固定结构。句意：“是什么让你的皮肤看起来这
28、么难看？”“是长时间暴露于阳光下所致。”be exposed to“暴露于”，答语是省略句，此处用作主语，故用动词ing形式。,9cure(1)n.治愈，痊愈Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道其治疗方法。There is no cure for AIDS at present.目前仍没有治愈艾滋病的良药。(2)vt.治愈，治疗Im sure the pure girls wound will be cured.我确定这个纯洁的女孩的伤会被治愈的。That fatal disease cant be cured
29、.那种致命的疾病治不好。,cure sb. of疾病名称治愈某人的疾病cure sb. of不良行为矫正某人的不良行为,知识拓展The doctors cured her of cancer.医生治好了她的癌症。She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。,比较网站cure，treat，heal，recover这些动词都有“治疗，医治”之意，但是cure主要指治愈疾病；treat指接受并诊治病人，只强调过程，不强调结果是否“痊愈”；heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛，如灼伤等；recover
30、意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。,90% of patients can be cured of the disease.90%的患有这种疾病的人都可以痊愈。As soon as he was sent to the hospital, the doctors began to treat his disease.他一被送到医院，医生们就开始治疗他的疾病了。It took three months for my arm to heal properly.我胳膊上的伤口过了三个月才愈合。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold
31、.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。,活学活用(1)用treat和cure的恰当形式填空Has the doctor _the old woman of her illness?No, he _ her but didnt _her.答案：cured；treated；cure(2)用恰当介词填空Although the medicine can cure you_ your illness, it has a bad effect_ you.答案：of; on,10challenge(1)v.向挑战I challenged him to a game of chess.我向他挑战下象棋。(2)n.
32、挑战The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。,face a challenge 面临挑战meet a challenge 迎接挑战challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事challenging adj. 具有挑战性的,知识拓展,活学活用根据提示写出正确单词My brother is a shy boy, so it is a great _(挑战)for him to sing in front o
33、f the judges and audience.答案：challenge作为一个腼腆的男孩，当着评委和观众的面唱歌无疑是一个极大的“挑战”。,11absorb v.(1)吸收(液体、气体等)Aspirin is quickly absorbed into the body.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。(2)使并入，吞并，同化The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。,(3)理解，掌握Children absorb knowledge quickly.孩子接受知
34、识快。(4)吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注This work had absorbed him for several years.这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。,absorbed adj.集中精神的absorbing adj.引人入胜的be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于,知识拓展,He was absorbed in writing a letter and didnt even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。The novel was so absorbing that she read on without a b
35、reak even forgetting food and sleep.这本小说非常引人入胜，她一口气读了下去，甚至废寝忘食。,活学活用(1)用恰当介词填空The writer was so absorbed _ his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.答案：in句意：作家全神贯注地进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意思是“全神贯注于”。,(2)用恰当形式填空When he came back three hours later, they were still sittin
36、g on the sofa，_(absorb)in conversation.答案：absorbed考查非谓语动词。句意：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“专心于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，表示状态。,12severe adj.(1)severe (on/with sb.)严厉的，重的I think you are too severe on the boy.我认为你对那个男孩子太严厉了。(2)十分严重的There is severe shortage of fuel.燃料严重短缺。,(3)严厉的，苛刻的His
37、 severe look frightened me.他严厉的表情使我恐慌。(4)艰难的，艰巨的，难度很大的The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long. 比赛的速度极快，很难持久。,活学活用(1)用恰当介词填空We must not be too severe_her. After all, she is still a child.答案：on句意：我们对她千万不要太严厉。她毕竟还是个孩子。severe用于人时表示“严格的；严厉的”，常用于be severe on sb.搭配，符合题意。,(2)选词填空Mankin
38、d is facing _(severe/crazy)challenges in the seeking of development because of energy and food shortage and poverty.答案：severe句意：因为能源、食物短缺和贫困，人类在追求发展的同时面临严峻挑战。severe“严重的；严峻的”，符合题意。crazy“疯狂的”。,13blame(1)vt.责备，谴责Dont blame me for that; its not my fault.不要因为那件事责怪我，那不是我的错。He always blamed that fault on m
39、e.他总是把那个错归咎在我身上。(2)n.过失，责备Why do you always put/lay the blame for everything that goes wrong on me?为什么一有事你总认为是我的过失？,(1)be to blame(for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任 Which driver was to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机的责任？ (2)bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任The government will have to take the blame
40、 for the riots.政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。(3)lay/put the blame(for sth.)on sb.blame sb. for sth.把某事归咎于某人We shouldnt lay the blame for our failure on him.我们不应该把失败归咎于他。,知识拓展,比较网站blame，scoldWhen he arrived late, Mr. Drake blamed the bad traffic.由于德雷克迟到了，他抱怨糟糕的交通。He was scolded for being lazy.他因懒惰而受到斥责。,活学活用用恰当形式填空I
41、t was the boy, rather than his teachers, that_ (blame) for what the boy had done.答案：was to blamebe to blame表示“应该受责备”。从结构分析主语应当为the boy，因此填was to blame。,14pollute vt.污染，弄脏He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他发现它(水源)来自被伦敦的污水污染的河流。The river has been polluted by
42、factory waste.这条河已被工厂废料所污染。,pollution n污染；玷污polluter n污染者；污染源,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当形式填空Parents are afraid that their childrens minds will _ (pollute) with the violence that they see on television.答案：be polluted句意为“父母担心电视上的暴力行为会对孩子产生精神上的污染”。pollute“污染，弄脏”。根据句意，应填被动语态形式。,15handle(1)v.处理；操纵He refused to allow h
43、is secreatary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。His wise father knows how to handle him.他睿智的父亲知道如何管教他。,(2)n.柄；把手Hold on to the handle, or you might fall off.抓紧把手，不然你就会掉下去。She turned the handle and opened the door.她转动把手，打开了门。,get/have a handle on sb./sth.弄懂，理解，搞明白give sb. a handle (on sth.)(
44、使)弄懂，理解，明白,知识拓展,活学活用选词填空As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ (handle/face)the problem.答案：handlehandle“处理；解决”；face“面对；面临”。句意：因为这儿没有人知道机器出了什么故障，所以我们必须去请一位工程师来解决这个问题。根据句意应选handle。,16link(1)vt.连接；联系The highway link Shanghai to/with Beijing.这条公路连接着上海和北京。T
45、he new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接起来。,(2)n.环；连接；联系；纽带A lot of links fitted together form a chain.许多链环连在一起组成链条。One link broken, the whole chain is broken.一环脱，全链断。,图解助记,比较网站join，connect，combine(1)join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意，常用结构join.to，join up。(2)connect指的是通过某种媒
46、介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运，常用结构connect.with/to。(3)combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine.with。,Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。This flight connects with the New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。We should combine theory with practice.我们应该理论联系实际。,
