1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修8 (通用本),Meeting your ancestors,Unit 5,Section Using Language,Unit 5,.词汇过关1_(n.)意义；意思；重要性；重要意义_(adj.)重大的；重要的2_(adv.)以方式；不知怎么地3_(vt.) 吐出(唾液、食物等)；(vi.)吐痰4_(vt.)删；删除5_(n.)(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠；(vt.)搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏6_(n.)幼儿园,significance,significant,somehow,spit,delete,scratch,kindergarte
2、n,7_(adj.)放射性的；有辐射能的8_(n.)分割；划分；分配；分界线_(vt.)分开； 分成；分配9_(vi. & vt.)鼓掌欢迎10_(vi. & vt.) 加速；促进11_(vt.)逮捕；吸引；(n.) 逮捕；拘留12_(adj.)有技巧的；熟练的_(n.)技能；熟练_(adv.),radioactive,division,divide,applaud,accelerate,arrest,skilful/skillful,skill,skilfully/skillfully,.短语自查1_ 由于；因为2_ 代表3_ 查阅；参考；谈到4_ 轮流做某事5_ 受够了；饱受；厌烦6_ 担
3、心；烦恼7_ 但愿；要是就好了8_ 向前看；为将来打算9_ 时而；不时地10_ 追溯到,due to,on behalf of,refer to,take turns to do sth,fed up with,be worried about,if only,look ahead,now and then,date back/from,.经典句式1If only she _ ahead and _ better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。2_ wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up
4、 the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。,3Abruptly she sat down, _ by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.突然间她坐了下来，但又被她那又笑又喊的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。答案：1.had looked；planned2.Having heard3.only to be scooped up,.语篇理解Choose the best ans
5、wers according to the text1. This text is mainly an imaginative story about a family feast of _. A. a boy B. a man C. a girl of the earliest people D. a modern girl,2. From the first paragraph, we can learn that the family groups mainly lived on _. A. fish B. hunting C. crops D. farming3. Lalas gues
6、ts came to _. A. dance B. talk about an important thing C. enjoy a feast D. see Lala,4. Dahu went out to sharpen the scrapers to_. A. kill an enemy B. use them as weapons C. cut up the meat D. cut stones5. From the text we can infer that family groups _. A. lived together B. lived far away C. lived
7、in the same cave D. lived separately 答案：15CBCCD,1.applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏They kept applauding long after the curtain came down.落幕之后，他们仍长时间鼓掌。The audience warmly applauded the performers.观众向演员们热烈鼓掌。They applauded him for his courage.他们因他的勇气而称赞他。注意：applaud sb./sth. 向某人/某事鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏applaud sb. for sth
8、. 因某事赞赏某人,知识拓展applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩；夸奖；赞扬win the applause of. 赢得的掌声There was continued applause.掌声经久不息。The audience broke into rapturous applause.听众中爆发出一片欢呼喝彩声。His good conduct deserves applause.他的优良品行值得称赞。His speech won the applause of the audience.他的讲话赢得了听众的掌声。,活学活用(1)补全句子People all_ _ _ _ _ (称赞他的勇敢)T
9、he audience all stood up and _ _ _ (为那位演讲者鼓掌)答案：applauded him for his braveryapplauded the speaker,(2)单项填空When the space heroes came out of the capsule, all the viewers _ them in delight.Aadapted BacceptedCapplauded Dadopted答案：C句意为“当太空英雄从太空舱中走出来时，所有的观众都高兴地鼓起掌来表示欢迎”。adapt “适应，改编”；accept“接受”；applaud “
10、鼓掌”；adopt“采纳”。,2accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进The car accelerated on the downhill road.汽车在下山的路上加速行驶。She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front.她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。The new policy accelerated the fall of the government.新政策的出台加速了该政府的倒台。,知识拓展acceleration n. 加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速能力；加速度accelerator n. (汽车的)油门；加速
11、器It captures a fivesecond history of speed, acceleration and braking.它能记录5秒钟内汽车的速度、加速和刹车情况。The driver pressed on the accelerator, savagely roaring the engine.司机踩下油门踏板，引擎轰鸣。,活学活用These days the government has issued several economic policies that will _ prosperity of manufacturing industry.Aaccumulate
12、 BaccomplishCaccess Daccelerate答案：Daccumulate“积累”；accomplish“完成，实现”；access “进入，通过”；accelerate “加速”。句意为“这些日子政府已通过了几项经济政策，这些政策能够促进制造业的繁荣”。根据题意，选D项。,3arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引n逮捕；拘留He got arrested for robbing.他因抢劫被逮捕。He was arrested for causing a serious car accident.他因造成严重车祸而被逮捕。An unusual noise arrested my at
13、tention.一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了我的注意。The police made several arrests during the football match.警方在足球赛时逮捕了一些人。,知识拓展arrest sb. for因而逮捕某人get arrested 被逮捕arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意under arrest 在关押中make an arrest 进行拘捕,活学活用(1)补全句子灿烂的灯光吸引了这个男孩的注意力。The bright lights _ _ _ _.答案：arrested the boys attention,(2)The agen
14、t was _ for carrying a false passport.Aarrested BaccusedCcharged Dsuspected答案：A句意：那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。arrest“逮捕”，be arrested for.“因而被捕”；be accused of.“因被指控”；be charged with“被控告”；be suspected with.“被怀疑”。根据题意选A项。,4skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的If he was a more skilful player, he would have scored more points.如果他是一个
15、更有技巧的表演者，那他将获得更多分。知识拓展be skilful at (doing)sth. 擅长(做)某事skilfully adv. 熟练地She is quite skilful at dealing with difficult customers.她擅长对付苛刻的顾客。,比较网站skilful, skilled,Lindas father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skilful at repairing bicycles too.琳达的父亲是个技术娴熟的机械师，因而她很会修理自行车。,活学活用选词填空(1)The new me
16、thod was popular and many peasants became very _ at it.(2)_ craftsmen, such as carpenters, are in great demand.(3)Most of the _ jobs were done by men.(4)The artist is so _ with his hands that people are amazed.答案：(1)skilful(2)Skilled(3)skilled(4)skilful,1.look ahead 向前看；为将来打算Look ahead. What can you
17、 see on the top of the hill?向前看，你看见山顶上有什么东西？Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past.青年人常思将来，老年人常思既往。,知识拓展look down upon/on 看不起，歧视look forward to 盼望，期望look into 调查，研究look through 温习，仔细检查，浏览look up 查阅look up to 尊敬，敬仰,The government will look into how to redu
18、ce unemployment rate.政府将研究如何降低失业率。My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him.我父亲对我有极深远的影响，我一直很尊敬他。,活学活用(1)用合适的look词组填空We should _ and spare a thought for future generations.Mr. Smith had taught for many years, and all students _ him.You should _ your notes before the e
19、xamination.Well _ the matter first before coming to a decision.,答案：look aheadlook up tolook throughlook into,(2)_ and you will get a good chance.Im sure that you will make great progress.Thank you.ALook ahead BWell doneCCome on DNo problem答案：A句意：“向前看，你会得到好机会。我相信你将取得很大的进步。”“谢谢。”look ahead“向前看；为将来打算”，
20、符合题意。well done“干得好”；come on“快点；加油”；no problem“没问题”。,2date back to.“追溯到，始于”，相当于date from。My family has a vase, which is said to date back to the Ming Dynasty.我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。Tomb Sweeping Day dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.清明节可以追溯到春秋时代。,The cultural relic discovered lately dates from th
21、e Qing Dynasty.最近发现的文物属于清朝。注意：date back to和date from常用一般现在时，而且无被动语态。,知识拓展up to date 最近的；跟上时代的out of date 过时的；废弃的Just like your antivirus, you have to keep your firewall up to date.就像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墙是最新的。All our information is kept right up to date on the computer.我们贮存在计算机里的所有信息都跟得上时代的发展。The timetab
22、le is out of date.这张时间表过期了。,比较网站date back to, date back,The history of their family dates back hundreds of years; the house where they live dates back to the 18th century.他们的家族已有几百年的历史；他们住的房子始建于18世纪。,活学活用(1)汉译英这座建筑是1823年所建。_答案：This building dates back to 1823.,(2)The traditional friendship between o
23、ur two peoples _ ancient times.Ais dated back toBdates atCdates back toDis dated from答案：C考查date的用法。句意：我们两个民族的传统友谊始于古代。date back to/from始于，该词组无被动无进行且经常用现在时，故选C项。,(3)My interest in English _ the time when I met a good English teacher in junior middle school.Adates from Bdated back toCdates back Ddated
24、 from答案：A句意为“我对英语的兴趣可追溯到我上初中遇到的一个好英语老师的时候”。date from和date back to 常用一般现在时，故排除B、D两项。date back todate from意为“追溯到”，故选A项。,1.Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。worried abou
25、t the preparations for her feast为过去分词短语作状语，用来描述主语的状态。,Buried in his homework, he didnt notice it was 10 oclock.忙于他的作业，他没注意到已经10点了。,Devoted to his research, he has no time to watch TV, so he doesnt know what has happened to Japan.致力于他的研究，他没时间看电视，因此他不知道近来日本发生了什么事。注意：有些动词或动词短语常用过去分词形式作状语，用来描述主语的状态。这些词有
26、excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。,活学活用(1)补全句子_ (精疲力竭), he lay on the grass.He turned away, _ (满意的)答案：Exhaustedsatisfied,(2)_ to the Internet, he didnt study at all.AAddict BAddictedCBe addicted DAddicting答案：B句意：沉溺于网络，他一点也不学习了。be addicted to.“沉溺于”，addicted to为过去分词短语作状语，用以说明
27、主语的状态。因此选B项。,2If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！if only.意为“要是就好了，但愿”，其后的句子常用虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般过去时(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟)、过去将来时(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟)或过去完成时(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟)。If only my mother were with me now!要是我母亲现在和我在一起就好了！,If only he would reply to my letter!要
28、是他能给我回信就好了！注意：“If only句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“要是就好了，但愿”。“if only. could/woulddo.”表示与将来事实相反的愿望。If only we could afford to buy a house of our own.我们要是能买得起属于我们的房子就好了。“if only. did.”表示与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。If only you knew how hard Ive tried to please you.真希望你能了解我费了多大的劲来逗你开心。,“if only. had done.”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If on
29、ly you had come to help us yesterday!你要是昨天来帮我们就好了！,比较网站if only，only if,活学活用(1)用if only, only if 填空_ we could afford to buy a car of our own._ you knew how hard Ive tried to please you._ the boss has given permission is a worker allowed to leave the place.答案：If onlyIf onlyOnly if,(2)Look at the troub
30、le I am in! If only I _ your advice.Afollowed Bwould followChad followed Dshould follow答案：Cif only表示“如果就好了”，表示与事实相反，条件意味强烈，其谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此句表示过去的动作，应选用过去完成时。,3Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in w
31、ait for her.听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。此句中多处用了现在分词。“Having heard wolves howling in the forest”为现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其中“howling in the forest”为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；而“fearing that.”在句中作伴随状语，其中that从句为动词fear的宾语；从句中的“lying in wait for her”为分词短语作后置定语修饰wild beasts。,Having finished his report, Tom went to the pl
32、ayground to play basketball.完成了他的报告，汤姆去操场打篮球了。I saw him talking with his teacher just now.刚才我看见他正和他老师谈话。They walked on the road to the library, talking and laughing.他们走在去图书馆的路上，说说笑笑。This is the dog barking just now.这就是刚才叫唤的那只狗。,注意：现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，它与主语之间构成主谓关系；现在分词作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语，与所修饰
33、的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。,活学活用(1)_ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.AFail BFailedCTo fail DHaving failed答案：D句意：我们没能与他们取得电话联系，所以我们发了一封电子邮件。因为分词动作是由句中主语we发出，并且该动作又发生在谓语动词sent之前，故要用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，相当于as we had failed to reach them on the phone。,(2)People sat together, _ another earthquake in Japa
34、n.Atalked about Btalking aboutChaving talked about Dto talk about答案：B句意：人们坐在一起，谈论着发生在日本的又一次地震。从句意看，此处应为现在分词短语作伴随状语，不表完成，也不表将来，因此B项符合题意。,4She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。句中“had done.when.”是一个常用句型，意为“(刚)做完了
35、就在那时”。,when表示“就在那时”时，常见句式及意义如下：,He was talking about his plans when suddenly the lights went off.他还在喋喋不休地讲着他的计划，这时灯突然灭了。I was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door.我正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲门。We had hardly arrived when it began to snow.我们刚到就开始下雨了。,活学活用(1)She had just finished her homework _ her mot
36、her asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.Awhen BwhileCafter Dsince答案：A句意：昨天，她刚一做完作业母亲就让她练习弹钢琴。sb. had just done sth. when.“某人刚就”，when属于并列连词，前面的分句为when分句提供了时间背景。while后的从句动词用延续性的；after“之后”；since“自从”。,(2)On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont _ I noticed a young man holding up
37、a sign reading “Boston”Awhich BwhileCwhen Das答案：C句意：在一个雨天我正开车沿佛蒙特向北行驶，这时我注意到一个年轻人正举着一个写着“波士顿”的牌子。when“在这时”。其他选项无此意。因此C项符合题意。,5He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.他选了一大块石头，把它当作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮刀边沿。(1)本句中and连接两个并列谓语；that引导的定语从句
38、修饰先行词scraper。,(2)句中needed sharpening中的sharpening是动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，英语中need，want，require等动词后可以接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这所房子需要打扫一下。The sentence wants explaining/to be explained again.这个句子需要再解释一遍。知识拓展在英语表达当中有很多用的是主动形式，但表达的意义却是被动的，现总结如下：,表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，s
39、ound，taste，look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动含义。The mixture tasted terrible.这种混合物尝起来味道很不好。表达事物行为、方式的动词open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash等习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很好洗。The new door wont open.新门打不开。,“be形容词不定式”结构常表示被动含义。The problem is hard to solve.这问题很难解决。be on show, be on sale, be under discu
40、ssion等表被动意义。Summer clothes are on sale.夏装正在出售。“be worth doing”结构表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。,“不定式作后置定语”结构表示被动含义。Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗？,活学活用(1)用恰当形式填空Many buildings in the city need _， but the one _ first is the library.(repair)答案：repairing; to be repaired第一空sth. need
41、 repairing相当于sth. need to be repaired主动形式表示被动意义。第二空用不定式作定语表示时间上的“将来”。,(2)As a result of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area _.Aneed repairing Bneeds to repairCneeds repairing Dneed to repair答案：A考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处twothirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings，排
42、除B、C两项；need doingneed to be done意为“需要被做”，故答案为A项。,6Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.突然她坐了下来，结果被她的又笑又喊的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。本句中only to be scooped up.作结果状语，强调意想不到的结果。He woke up only to find everyone gone.他醒了过来结果发现大家都走了。She returned home only to find that no one
43、was at home.她回到家，才发现家里没有一个人。,比较网站不定式在句子中作结果状语，强调意料之外的结果，要注意不定式与句子主语的关系，是主谓关系的，用主动式，是被动关系的，用动词不定式的被动式；而v.ing形式在句子中作结果状语，强调自然的、必然的结果。The fire was too big and out of control, burning the whole building down.火太大并失去了控制，把整座楼都烧倒了。,活学活用(1)补全句子他学习这么用功，结果竟然考试失利。He studied hard _ _ _ in the exam.Many highways
44、have been built in China, _ _ _ (使更容易) for people to travel from one place to another.答案：only to failmaking it easier,(2)Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, _ the neighbors and the house _ I used to be familiar with were gone.Aonly finding; which Bonly to find; thatConly to find; whom D
45、found; that答案：B考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：去年暑假，我回到了家乡结果发现过去我熟悉的邻居和房子都不见了。only不定式表示意料不到的结果，且先行词既有人又有物时用that引导定语从句，故选B项。,单 元 写 作,如何描述事物写作指导本单元的写作任务是对某物进行介绍，说明其外形、颜色、形状、用途等。在说的基础上落笔成文，这就是一种描写文。,描写文(Description)是使叙述形象化的一种写作方法，就描写对象而言，描写可分为人物描写、景物描写、场面描写等；就描写的方式而言，描写可分为主观描写和客观描写。所谓主观描写，就是在描述人或事物的特征或特性时，也可把自己对此人或此事的看法表现出来，从而激发读者的感情。客观描写是就事论事，是一种真实的报道，目的在于告诉不能亲眼看见描写对象的读者景物的真实情况。,
