1、Unit 5 First aid Period 3 Grammar & Writing 课件（人教版必修5，课标通用）,省略一、概念 省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应 该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出 现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”。二、特点 虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其 完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可 以省略。,三、句子成分的省略 1.省略主语 在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语 中，主语常常省略。常见的为祈使句中的you和I，疑问句 中的主语。There be句型中的there在口
2、语中也可省略。,Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。(beg 前省略了主语)Take care! 保重！(take 前省略了主语 you )Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。(looks 前省略了主语 it )Must be somebody waiting for you.肯定有人在等你。(must 前省略了there),2省略谓语 有些结构中为了避免与前面的谓语动词重复，常省略 后面的谓语或谓语的一部分。 Who next? 该谁了？(who 后面省略了谓语 comes ) Well do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。(
3、can 后面 省略了动词 do ),3省略表语 在有些句子中，为了避免与前面的表语重复，常省略 后面的表语。 He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。(had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ),4省略宾语 当同一主语的并列谓语不同时发生时，省略最后一个动 词宾语以外的所有宾语。有些双宾语动词 如 ask, owe, pay, teach, tell, show等的直接或间接宾语都可以省略掉 一个。 Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and
4、 youll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。(wash 和 dry 后面省 略了宾语 dishes ),四、词的省略1省略介词 Ive studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。2省略连词 that I believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你们会成功的。 Its a pity (that) hes leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。,3省略关系代词 Ill give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got ye
5、sterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。,4省略冠词 (1)表示家庭成员、亲属关系的人，可以省略其前的成分， 把该词每个字母大写即可。 Father is out，but Mother is at home. 爸爸出去了，可妈妈在家里。 (2)表示某一集体或单位独一无二的职位，而不是这个职位 所具体指的那个人时，常省略冠词。 Professor White，dean of the department, is going to lecture this evening. 怀特教授，本系的系主任，今晚将作演讲。,5省略名词/物主代词 名词和物主代词如果与前文重复时，可以省略。 I like re
6、d wine better than white (wine). 比起白酒我更喜欢红酒。,五、不同句式中的省略1简单句中的省略 具体细则见上面“三”中的讲解。2并列句中的省略 在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以 省略： They learn French and we(learn)English. 他们学习法语而我们学习英语。 John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second. 约翰赢得了一等奖，吉米赢得了二等奖。,3状语从句中的省略 在以 if, when, though, as if (好像)等连词引导的状语从句 中，如从句
7、中的主要动词是be,常将主语和动词be 省略。 If (it is ) heated, water will boil. 在加热的条件下，水将会沸腾。 Tom was attacked by cramp while (he was) swimming across the river. 汤姆游过小河时，突然痉挛。,4宾语从句中的省略 如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的 谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。 Is Mr. King in his office? Sorry, I dont know(whether he is in his office or not) 金先生在办
8、公室吗？ 很抱歉，我不知道。,5定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which， whom可省略。(见四3)6动词不定式的省略 (1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式 结构中的动词原形，只保留to。 Would you like to go with us? Im glad to, but I have to finish my homework. 你愿意和我们一起去吗？ 我很乐意去，但是我得完成作业。,(2)在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构
9、中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。Ill hand it in if I have to.如果必须要交的话，我会交上的。(3)tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后面的动词原形。He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.他想游过小河但是我不想让他这样做。,(4)在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to。I can do nothing but wait.我能做的只有等待。(5)感官动词和使役动词的后面作宾补的不
10、定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。I saw him enter the classroom just now.He was seen to enter the classroom just now.我刚才看见他走进了教室。,7虚拟语气中的省略 (1)虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were, had, should提前构成 部分倒装。 Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。,(2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest, pr
11、opose, advise)，四要求 (demand, require, request, ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that.从句中常省略should。We insisted that they (should) go with us.我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.我们有必要多记一些单词。,8英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段略上文
12、或问句中 的一部分或整个句子。 Can I eat snacks here? Youd better not (eat snacks here) 我可以在这儿吃零食吗？ 你最好不要。,【感悟高考】When_for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.(2012安徽，30)Aasking BaskedChaving asked Dto be asked解析句意：当被问及数学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现教学非常有趣而且很值得做。考查过去分词作状语。主语Phil
13、ip与ask之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。when asked相当于状语从句when he was asked。答案B,Time，_correctly，is money in the bank.(2012湖南，23)Ato use Bused Cusing Duse解析句意：时间，如果被正确使用，就犹如银行中的存款。考查非谓语动词作状语。主语time与use为逻辑上的被动关系，四个选项中只有B项表示被动，故为答案。“used correctly”相当于条件状语从句if it is used correctly。答案B,All the photographs in this book，_sta
14、ted otherwise，date from the 1950s.(2012陕西，25)Aunless Buntil Conce Dif解析句意：书中所有的图片都可追溯到20世纪50年代，有说明的图片除外。本题考查条件状语从句。本句为省略句，将从句部分展开为unless the photographs are stated otherwise，故选择A项。答案A,The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day，_accompanied by an adult.(201
15、0山东，28)Aonce Bwhen Cif Dunless解析考查省略的状语从句的连接词，句意：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。表示“除非”unless，该句式构成了“连词过去分词”结构。答案D,用省略手法改写下列句子 John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. _I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class. _Has he ever been abroad? No，he has never been abroad. _,John
16、worked hard but his brother didnt.,I have lazy and hardworking students in my class.,Has he ever been abroad? No，never.,If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time. _Mother should take a rest but she wont take a rest after long hours of work. _ _,If necessary, we will finish it ahead of time
17、.,Mother should take a rest after long hours of work but she wont., Helping others is a habit，_you can learn even at an early age.(2011山东) Ait Bthat Cwhat Done 解析句意：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小的时 候就能学会的习惯。空格处当前句中的habit构成同位关 系，所以选择D项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，that在定语从句 中作learn的宾语。 答案D
18、,Though_to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国) Asurprising Bas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised 解析考查省略结构。补全整句为：Though he was surprised to see us.当从句与主句主语一致时，从句中主 语和be动词可省略。 答案C,Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes._，Im going to visit some homes for the
19、old in the city. AIf ever BIf busy CIf anything DIf possible 解析if possible是if it is possible的省略。句意：你对将 要到来的假期作特别计划了吗？是的，如果可能的话，我 将去市里的敬老院看看。 答案D, They landed safely on the island in the Pacific. Everything went on better than_. Aexpected Bexpecting Cexpectation Dto expect 解析考查省略句的用法。可以将than expected
20、看成是 than it was expected的省略。这句话的意思是：一切都进 展得比预期的好。better than expected为习惯用法，表示 “比预期的好”。 答案A,【写作任务】写一篇日记。 【写作内容】1昨天与同学外出野餐，按计划要爬西山。 2早上在校门口集合7点出发。 3不久下小雨，继续骑车，一小时后到达山下。,4雨停，爬上山顶，领略美景。 5照相、唱歌、跳跃、做游戏、下棋和午餐，玩得开心。 6午餐后下山，4点回家。筋疲力尽。 7时间5月20日，星期三。 参考词汇：野餐picnic 小雨的drizzly 【写作要求】1不要逐字翻译；2词数：100左右。,【写作分析】第一步：
21、认真审题一审体裁：本次写作要求写一篇日记。属应用文写作范畴。英文日记和汉语日记一样，是用来记叙一天中所发生的有意义的事情或对将来的打算等。日记可分为记事、议论、描写及抒情等。记事型是用英语记述当天自己生活学习中发生的事情。议论型是对生活中的某一事情或情况现象谈自己的看法，发表议论。描写型或抒情型，则是对某人物事物的特征做细致的描述，或针对某事物抒发自己的感情。本文属于记事型日记。,二审格式：一般是在左上角记上当天日期，星期，时间的排列法与书信一致，星期写在日期之后；右上角写上当天的天气情况，表示天气情况的词一般是形容词，如：fine (晴朗的)，cold (寒冷的)，snowy(下雪)，sun
22、ny(阳光充足的)，rainy(下雨的)，cloudy(阴天的)等。日记的小标题写在下一行，也可省略不写。三审人称和时态：写日记的时间一般是在下午、晚上，有时也可以在第二天补写。因此，日记中所记述的事情通常发生在过去，常用一般过去时；但当记述天气、描写景色或展望未来时，可以用一般现在时或一般将来时。本篇日记主要描写自己昨天的经历，故用第一人称，一般过去时。,第二步：提炼要点1go on a picnic2according to our plan3early in the morning4at the gate of our school5keep on riding6the foot/top
23、 of the mountain7have some pictures taken8go down the mountain9give out,第三步：扩点成句1Yesterday my classmates and I went on a picnic.2. According to our plan we would climb the West Mountain. 3. Early in the morning all of us gathered at the gate of our school.4. We kept on riding for an hour till we rea
24、ched the foot of the mountain. 5. Soon we reached the top of the mountain.,6. We ran, sang，jumped, played chess，and had some pictures taken on the top of the mountain, and had lunch on rocks.7. After lunch we went down the mountain.8All of us almost gave out.,【参考范文】May 20th，WednesdayCloudy and drizz
25、lyYesterday my classmates and I went on a picnic. According to our plan we would climb the West Mountain. Early in the morning all of us gathered at the gate of our school. We started at seven，and soon it began to have a little rain. We kept on riding for an hour till we reached the foot of the moun
26、tain.,The little rain stopped then. We began to climb. Soon we reached the top of the mountain. How beautiful it was when we looked at the view from the top. We ran, sang，jumped, played chess，and had some pictures taken on the top of the mountain, and had lunch on rocks. How happy we were! After lun
27、ch we went down the mountain. We got home at four and all of us almost gave out. But I really enjoyed myself.,【亮点展示】1这是一篇记事型的日记，语言简洁明了，结构严谨，且能写出自己的内心感受，符合日记的语言特点和文体结构。2行文流畅，过渡自然：early in the morning，at seven，and soon，after lunch。3句式富有变化性，运用了时间状语从句We kept on riding for an hour till we reached the foo
28、t of the mountain.；过去分词充当宾语补足语had some pictures taken。,【写作模板】May 20, 2012 WednesdayFineI had an unforgettable trip to_地点_ .The weather was_天气_today.My classmates and I went on a guided trip to_地点_by coach.It took us about _时间_As soon as we got there，we were divided into several groups，with a profess
29、ional guide to show us around.First，_先参观_Then we visited_又参观_In the end，we_第三件事_Although tired, I _感受_I hope_.,一、高中常见易混词归纳(3),二、名师导学 单选题解题技巧(13) 正确把握语境 有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子，好像多个答案都可 以，但与上下句的意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因 此，做题时一定要正确把握语境。,例如：I agree with most of what you said，but I dont agree with_.Aeverything BanythingCs
30、omething Dnothing解析此题很容易误选B，因为这是个否定句。若选B，I Dont agree with anything.就等于I agree with nothing(of what you said)，这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。正确答案应该是A。答案A,分析逻辑关系根据复合句和并列句的知识，句子与句子之间有着不同的逻辑关系，或是从属关系，或是并列关系。从句子的意义和逻辑关系来看，从句可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、比较、方式等，句子之间还可以是限定关系、同位关系、并列关系、递进关系、让步关系、转折关系等。分析句子之间的逻辑关系的主要依据是句意和上下文之间的逻辑。,例如：I dont mind drop in at your house when in town._，the walk will do me good.ASooner or later BStillCIn time DBesides解析根据句意，第二个分句表示递进关系，用Besides。故最佳答案为D。答案D,
