1、Unit 3 Life in the future Period 3 Grammar &Writing课件（人教版必修5，课标通用）,过去分词作状语、定语一、过去分词作状语 过去分词(短语)可以作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明 谓语动词的动作和状态。在意义上相当于状语从句(而且可以跟状语从句相互转换),表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。 1原因状语。相当于一个原因状语从句。 Inspired by her example (As they were inspired by.)， the League members worked even harder. 受到她榜样的激励，这些团员更加努力地工
2、作。,2时间状语。相当于一个时间状语从句。 也可在过去分词 前加上连词“when, while, until”等,使其时间意义更明确, 表示该动作先于谓语动作发生,也可与谓语同时发生。 Once published (Once the dictionary is published)，this dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本词典就会大受欢迎。 3条件状语。可用在连词if，unless之后， 相当于一个条件 状语从句。 Given more time (If we were given more time)，we could do it much
3、 better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好。,4让步状语。有时可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or.等连词之后，相当于一个让步状语 从句。 Beaten by the opposite team(Though they were beaten by.)，the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder. 虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气，反而更加刻苦地 训练。,5方式或伴随状语。伴随状况，表示状态或方式。 此时相当于一个由and连接的并列结构。 The woman
4、 scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants. The woman scientist entered the lab and she was followed by her assistants. 这个女科学家进入实验室，后面跟着她的助手们。,【温馨提示】(1)作状语的过去分词其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，即过去分词表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系。 Wounded，the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins. (woun
5、d与soldiers是动宾关系)虽然受伤了，但是勇敢的战士们仍然继续作战，寻找被困在废墟中的人们。,(2)有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的 有：lost (迷路)，seated (坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦)，satisfied(满意的)，surprised(吃惊的)，worried(担心 的)，interested(感兴趣的)，disappointed(失望的)，devoted(忠诚的)等。Dressed in her mos
6、t beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself noticed at the party.(dressed表示主语the girl所处的状态)这个女孩穿着她 最漂亮的裙子以使自己在宴会上醒目。,(3)有些过去分词(短语)作状语，属于独立成分，不考虑其与句子主语的关系，用以说明说话者的态度或条件，如 granted，given，compared with/to等。Granted the students honesty，he may be mistaken. 即使这位学生是诚实的，他也可能错了。,分词作状语记忆口诀： 分词作状语，主语是问题，
7、逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用ing，被动用ed， having done表先于，千万要牢记。,二、过去分词作定语 1一般情况下单独的过去分词作定语相当于形容词作定语， 要放在所修饰的名词的前面。 少数的过去分词常用作后 置定语，如given，left等。 a pleased expression一个满意的表情 There is five minutes left.只剩下五分钟的时间。2过去分词短语作定语应放在所修饰的名词的后面，相当于 一个定语从句。 the proposal put forward at the meeting the proposal th
8、at was put forward at the meeting 在会议上提出来的建议,3过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词在逻辑上 是动宾或 系表结构的关系。 a broken heart (the heart is broken)破碎的心4不及物动词构成的过去分词与所修饰的名词之间只表示 动作的完成，不表示被动关系。fallen leaves落叶，the risen sun升起的太阳， boiled water开水，等。5作定语的过去分词具有完成的意思，所以用作定语的分 词无需用现在完成式。,I like reading novels written by Dickens.我喜欢读狄更斯写
9、的小说。 不说：I like reading novels having been written by Dickens.如果需要强调或明确时间状语时可用定语从句： Most of the films that have been shown in these cities in the last years are produced in China, but the films being shown are mostly foreign ones.过去几年里这几个城市里放映的主要是国产片，而现在正在放映的却大多是进口片。,【感悟高考】_with care，one tin will las
10、t for six weeks.(2012北京，27)AUse BUsing CUsed DTo use解析句意：如果小心使用，一罐可维持6个星期。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。空格处的非谓语动词与逻辑主语one tin之间为被动关系，故选择C项。答案C,After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope_.(2012山东，35)Aproviding BprovidedChaving provided Dprovide解析句意：在填完表格并署名以后，请把它放在被提供的信封里返还到我们这里。本题考查
11、非谓语动词作定语。设空处的非谓语动词和envelope是被动关系，且作后置定语，故选B。答案B,把下列各句中的分词结构转化成状语从句(每空一词)Built in the Song Dynasty，the bridge is still very strong. _ _ _ _ in the Song Dynasty, the bridge is still very strong.Seen from the top of the tower, the city looks like a flying bird. _ _ _ _from the top of the tower，the city
12、 looks like a flying bird.,Though it was built,When it is seen,Hearing the steps of their teacher，all the students became quiet. _ _ _the steps of their teacher, all the students became quiet. Questioned，the thief had to tell the police where the stolen money was hidden. _ _ _ _，the thief had to tel
13、l the police where the stolen money was hidden.Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. _ _ _ _in a hurry，this article was not so good.,When they heard,When he was questioned,Because it was written,【单项填空】_in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A
14、Having lost BLost CBeing lost DLosing 解析考查过去分词作状语的用法。be lost表示状态。句 意：两个学生在山中迷路一个星期，最终被当地警察救了 出来。 答案B,If heated，_. Apeople can turn water into gas Bone can change ice into water Cice turns into water Dpeople get water from ice 解析考查过去分词作状语的用法。过去分词作状语时要 求句子的主语与heat构成被动关系，因此本题的主语应该 是ice，故选C。 答案C,_by the
15、 beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 解析考查过去分词作状语的用法。句子的主语the girl和 动词attract之间是被动关系，故用过去分词attracted来作 原因状语。句意：由于被自然的美丽吸引，这个来自伦敦 的女孩决定在这个农场多住两天。 答案B,A great number of students_said they were for
16、ced to practise the piano. Ato question Bto be questioned Cquestioned Dquestioning 解析考查非谓语动词作定语。question与 students之间为 动宾关系，并且question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分 词。选C。 答案C,Im calling to enquire about the position_in yesterdays China Daily. Aadvertised Bto be advertised Cadvertising Dhaving advertised 解析考查非谓语动词作定
17、语。句意：我打电话是想咨询 一下在昨天的中国日报上登出的那个职位。由句意可 知position和advertise之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，排 除C、D两项；又由句意可知是昨天登出的，排除B项，因 为B项动词不定式表示将要发生的动作。故选 A。 答案A,观点对比类作文【写作任务】假如你是李华，你的英语老师刘老师给你班每周安排了两节口语课，由外教授课，但同学们对此却产生了很大的分歧。请你根据以下表格所提示的内容，写一篇意见报告，呈交给刘老师。,【写作内容】,【写作要求】1词数为100左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数；2短文必须包括表格中的全部内容。Dear Mr.Liu，We stude
18、nts have different opinions on the two periods of oral English arranged for our class._,【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本次写作要求写一篇观点对比类文章，属于议论文体裁。议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理，发表意见或是提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实，讲道理，辩是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。对比类议论文是从两方面甚至多方面辨证的说明某个观点。本文主要从赞成、反对和作者的观点三个方面来论述。,二审时态：一般现在时。三审结构：此类文章一般按照“总分总”的模式进行写作。具体说来就
19、是，先总体上提出观点，概括全文，再分点论述，最后再回归论点或提出自己的看法。即第一段首先提出事实；然后第二段论述赞成方的观点，第三段论述反对方的观点，最后一段表明自己的观点。,第二步：提炼要点1be for the idea2learn standard English3in the long run4be in Senior 35be busy doing 6spend too much time on oral English7the College Entrance Examination8As far as Im concerned,第三步：扩点成句1Those who are for
20、 the idea say we can learn standard English and improve ourselves in spoken English in the long run. 2Because we are in Senior 3 and we are too busy studying our lessons.3We dont need to spend too much time on oral English which hasnt been included in the College Entrance Examination so far.4As far
21、as Im concerned, to be frank，Id like to have one period per week instead of two.,【参考范文】Dear Mr.Liu，We students have different opinions on the two periods of oral English arranged for our class.Those who are for the idea say we can learn standard English and improve ourselves in spoken English in the
22、 long run. Besides，we can also know more about foreign countries.,But most of the students，on the contrary，dont agree to have a foreign teacher in our class just because we are in Senior 3 and we are too busy studying our lessons. Whats more, it doesnt mean every foreigner can certainly speak good E
23、nglish. Just think，do all Chinese speak Putonghua well? In addition，we dont need to spend too much time on oral English which hasnt been included in the College Entrance Examination so far.As far as Im concerned, to be frank，Id like to have one period per week instead of two.Yours，Li Hua,【亮点展示】1开篇提出
24、问题，第二、三段分别阐述赞成和反对方的观点，最后一段表明作者自身观点，符合观点对比类文章的写作要求。论点分明，论据详实，步步为营。2灵活使用多种高级表达如Besides，on the contrary，Whats more，In addition，As far as I am concerned条理清晰。,【写作模板】The topic of_(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They h
25、old their view for the reason of_(支持A的理由一)What is more，_(理由二)Moreover，_(理由三)While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly，_(支持B的理由一)Secondly (besides)，_(理由二)Thirdly( finally)，_(理由三)From my point of view/ In my opinion，_(我的观点)The reason is that_(原因).,一、高中常见易混词归纳(
26、1)高中英语中有许多单词形态相似，学生分不清楚，常常混淆它们。将这些易混词归纳如下：,二、名师导学单选题解题技巧查看有无连词若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中的一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经有连词，一般不再用连词；若还没有用连词，就一定要选连词。,例如：If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English，_means many more people in the world can enjoy it.Aas Bwhich Cwhat Dthat解析因为前句已经有连词if，所以选答案D，that指前句所述内容。若没有if，就选B，which引导一个非限制性定语从句。答案D,
