1、Section Grammar & Writing,主谓一致谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：,一、名词作主语,Tom has eggs and milk for breakfast.汤姆早餐吃鸡蛋，喝牛奶。The children are very fond of playing farm games.孩子们非常喜欢玩农场游戏。The police have caught the criminal.警方已经逮捕了那个罪犯。My family is very large.我的家庭很大。(强调整体),His family are waitin
2、g for him.他的家人在等他。(强调成员)The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain.我们厂的设备都是从英国进口的。Each means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.为解决这个问题，每种方法都试过了，但没有一种是有效的。注意：goods，clothes，earnings，remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,二、数量概念词作主语,Five minutes isnt enough to finish this test.要完成
3、这项测试，5分钟是不够的。About 10%of the pupils were absent that day.那天大约有10%的学生缺席。A number of new houses have been built there.那儿已建了许多新房子。,The number of the unemployed is still increasing.失业人数还在增加。A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge.建这座桥花了很多钱。More than one person is involved in the matter.不止一个人被牵
4、扯到这一事件中。One of my close friends has been abroad for 8 years.我的一个好朋友已在国外待了8年。,三、不定代词作主语,Each of the books costs five yuan.每本书5块钱。Both of my grandfathers are farmers.我的祖父和外祖父都是农民。All are here now.大家都到齐了。All has been tried.一切都试过了。None of them is/are aware of the danger.他们中没有人意识到危险。None of the money was
5、 paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。,注意：(1)neither单独作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。(2)“either/neither of可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可；either，neither作限定词与可数名词单数连用时，谓语动词用单数。,四、并列结构作主语,Both eggs and milk are good for your health.鸡蛋和牛奶对你的健康都有好处。Neither you nor I am fit for the job.你和我都不适合做这份工作。注意：(1)and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品
6、时，谓语动词用单数。(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，every等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数。,五、其他情况,The mother along with her two children goes to the park every weekend.母亲与她的两个孩子每个周末都去公园。There is an apple and some oranges on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和一些橘子。To prevent the air from being polluted is what were now researching.防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。,
7、Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided.他们还没有决定是否开派对。Mr Smith，who is now downstairs，is asking to see you.史密斯先生要见你，他现在就在楼下。注意：(1)多个不定式、动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。(2)what引导主语从句时，谓语动词根据从句所指的内容而定。,.用所给动词的适当形式填空1A library with five thousand books_(offer)to the area as a gift last year.答案：wa
8、s offered2Physics_(be)his most difficult subject and they are all worried that he wont pass the test.答案：is3What we need_(be)good textbooks.答案：are,4The Olympic Games_(be)held every four years.答案：are5Outside the school_(stand)crowds of students，too anxious to know the results of the exam.答案：stand6No b
9、ird and no beast_(see)on the lonely island.答案：is seen7The New York Times_(be)first published in 1851.答案：was,8Many people say 1,000 dollars_(be)a lot of money.答案：is9I，who_(be)your teacher，will try my best to help you with your study.答案：am10The public_(be)the best judge because the public always_(expr
10、ess)their thoughts correctly.答案：is；express,.单项填空1(2012湖南高考)All the scientific evidence_that increasing use of chemicals in farming_damaging our health.Ashow；are Bshows；areCshow；is Dshows；is,解析：考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据都表明在农业上化学物质的增加使用正在危害我们的健康。第一空前的主语为evidence(不可数名词)，故第一空中的动词需用单数，排除A、C两项；第二空前的主语为use(不可数名词)，
11、故第二空用is。综上所述，答案为D项。答案：D,2(2012陕西高考)The basketball coach，as well as his team，_interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Awere Bwas Cis Dare,解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这个篮球教练和他的球队因为表现出色，在赛后不久就接受了采访。题干中主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team，谓语动词单复数形式应与the basketball coach保持一致，故
12、排除A项和D项。根据语境“after the match for their outstanding performance”可知谓语动词的时态应为一般过去时，故选择B项。答案：B,3(2012安徽高考)Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，_some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.Akeeps BkeepChave kept Dhad kept,解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，它的一些连锁
13、店从周一到周六24小时营业。依句意可知，该句叙述的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时；其次，主语为Walmart(第三人称单数形式)，所以谓语动词用keeps。答案：A,4The Blacks_watching TV at weekends and both of them_taking exercise on weekdays.Aenjoy；like Benjoy；likesCenjoys；likes Denjoys；like解析：句意：布莱克夫妇周末喜欢看电视，他们俩都喜欢在工作日锻炼。此处 the Blacks 指布莱克夫妇二人，故第一空谓语动词用复数形式；“both of可数名词复数”
14、作主语时，谓语动词用复数。答案：A,5Each man and each woman_a good reason to be proud of the work which_done by their fathers.Ahas；is Bhave；isChas；are Dhave；are解析：句意：每个人都有理由为父辈们所取得的成就感到骄傲。and连接的两个名词前分别由each修饰，谓语动词用单数has；定语从句的先行词work为不可数名词，关系代词作从句主语，从句的动词用单数is。答案：A,6Its said that the team_twelve top European players.
15、Aconsists of Bis consisted ofCare made up of Dmake up of 解析：本题考查集合名词作主语时，谓语形式的选择以及语态问题。句意：据说该队由12名欧洲顶尖选手组成。team当作单数看待，consist of用主动形式表被动意义。答案：A,7More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.Awas sent Bwere sentChave been sent Dhas been sent解析：more than a dozen student
16、s作主语，表示复数意义；根据时间状语last year可判断应用一般过去时；因动词send与主语students之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态。答案：B,8The famous farmer and scientist_our evening party tonight.Ais going to Bare going toCis coming in Dare to come 解析：主语指的是一个人，既是农民，又是科学家，所以谓语动词应该用单数；C项介词使用不当，故选A项。答案：A,9The rest of his life_spent in poverty.When he died
17、, only half of his relatives and friends_able to attend his funeral(葬礼)Awas；were Bwas；wasCwere；were Dwere；was解析：“the rest of.”和“half of.”作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词保持一致；life 为单数，而his relatives and friends为复数，故选A项。答案：A,10No one in the class but Tom and I_the truth.Aknow BknowsChave known Dare to know解析：“A but
18、B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定。答案：B,11(2011湖南高考)Onethird of the country_covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people.Ais；are Bis；isCare；are Dare；is解析：句意：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一，并且大多数市民都是黑人。“分数/百分数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的形式；“the majority of名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数也取决于名词的形式。故本题选A项。答案：A,12(2010天津高考)Tr
19、aditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.Aare exhibiting Bis exhibitingCare being exhibited Dis being exhibited解析：句子的主语是 traditional folk arts，谓语应用复数，排除B、D两项；艺术形式只能是“被展出”，所以应用被动语态，故选C项。答案：C,13(2010湖南高考)Listening to loud music at rock conc
20、erts_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.AisBareChasDhave解析：句意：在摇滚音乐会上听大声的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪了。本题主语为动名词短语，故谓语动词用单数；根据主谓关系可知，此处应是主动语态，故C项正确。答案：C,14(2010陕西高考)It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built解析：句意：据报道，现在灾区
21、有很多新房子正在被建造。many a后接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；根据语境，这里表示房子“正在被建造”，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：D,15(2010大纲全国高考)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn解析：句意：Barbara很容易被辨认出来，因为她是唯一一名穿晚礼服的女士。题干中先行词是the only one，故定语从句中用单数谓语动词；再根据主句是一般现在时知，从句也用一般现在时。
22、答案：B,如何描写人物【写作指导】人物描写通常指运用精炼的语言来展现一个人物的特征。一般说来，人物描写文包括三个层次：,1定义描写即在描写人物的过程中，作者概述地指出所要描写的对象的特征。He is ten inches，thin as a ribbon.2细节描写即通过添加修饰语(包括形容词、副词、词组和从句等)更加详尽地展现特指对象的内涵，从而刻画该对象的独特之处。He is ten inches tall，thin as a curly ribbon.,3比喻描写即通过想象性的语言描述对象，从而唤起读者的情感。He has a pair of blue eyes，clear as cal
23、m water.进行人物描写文的写作时，主要从人物的外貌和个性两方面入手。外貌的特征主要是通过修饰性的语句来体现，性格的特征主要是通过相关的事情(如日常习惯、爱好、与他人的关系、具体的事件等)来体现。总之，只有当读者读后如见其人、如闻其声，才意味着对人物的描写是成功的。,在描述人物时，应注意以下两个方面：1人称：一般使用第三人称；2时态：常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体情况要依据写作的要求来确定。描写人物的外貌、性格或兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生或教育背景等常用一般过去时。,【万能句式】背景：.was born in/into a poor/rich family in.，when.
24、was young，spent ones childhood in.外貌：beautiful，pretty，goodlooking，ordinarylooking，handsome，strong，fat，thin品质和个性：kind，determined，gentle，considerate，optimistic，easygoing，warmhearted，hardworking，responsible，patient，helpful，friendly，generous,爱好：be good at，have a gift for，be interested in，be fond of，be c
25、razy about教育背景：graduated from，got a.degree，majored in，went abroad to further ones study，studied hard at，took an active part in class,【白金模板】_，one of the greatest_of_，is a wellknown_._was born in a poor/rich family in_.When she was young，she was concerned about_.She took part in many activities to_.Sh
26、e devoted herself to_and played an important part in many activities.She was honoured as_and is remembered by_forever.,假如你有一个叫Ketty的女同学，请你写一篇文章介绍她。她的特征如下：1Ketty很可爱，很瘦但很健康。眼睛明亮，常面带微笑。2她热衷于学校的活动，乐于助人。3她学习很好，对班里其他同学的学习帮助很大。4虽然她很优秀，但很谦虚。5无论谁有困难，她都乐于帮助。,注意：1.包括以上所有要点，但不可简单罗列要点。2要有适当的衔接和过渡，也可适当发挥。3词数：100左
27、右。,【写作要点】1和人谈话时，她总是面带微笑，这使我想起了和煦的阳光或细雨。和人谈话时_使某人想起_细雨_答案：when talking with peopleremind sb.offine rain,2Ketty热衷于学校活动并乐于助人。热衷于_乐于做某事_答案：be active in/take an active part inbe ready/willing/content to do sth.3在许多科目上她名列全班前茅。在A方面名列B前茅_答案：lead B in A,4每当我们有困难时，她都会表示同情和关心并帮助我们。每当_表示同情_答案：whenever/no matter
28、 whenshow pity,【连句成篇】One possible version：Ketty is really a lovely girl，who is one of my best friends.She is slim and healthy with charming bright eyes.And shesalways smiling when talking with people，which reminds me of the warm sunshine or fine rain.Ketty is active in school activities and she is r
29、eady to help others.But this doesnt mean she is not good at her studies.Shes leading the class in quite a few of her subjects.Though，as you see，she is outstanding，she is very modest.,Besides，whenever we have trouble，she will show her pity and care and come to help us.Im really proud of having Ketty as my good friend.,
