1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修4,Body language,Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,Unit 4,动词ing形式作定语和状语,观察思考用所给词的适当形式填空，并思考探究其与其逻辑主语之间的关系及在句中的功能。Yesterday, another student and I, _(represent) our universitys student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years internat
2、ional students.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，相当于非限制性_从句)I stood for a minute _(watch) them and then went to greet them.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_状语),She stepped back _(appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_状语)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in _(smile), together with George
3、 Cook from Canada.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_状语)Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched Georges _(move) hand.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_),In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings _(use) unspoken “language” through physical distance.(与其逻
4、辑主语之间为逻辑上的_关系，作方式_)Most people around the world now greet each other by _(shake) hands，.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的_关系，作介词_)In general, though, _(study) international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads！(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的_关系，作_),答案：representing; 定语watching; 伴随appearin
5、g; 伴随smiling; 伴随moving; 定语using；主动；状语shaking; 主动；宾语studying; 主动；主语,一、基础点拨(一)动词ing形式的基本形式,(二)动词ing形式的作用1动词ing形式作定语。*The sleeping baby looks very beautiful.(前置定语)这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。*The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter.(后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。*The law being carried out is to ban drunken d
6、riving.(后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律)正在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。,名师点拨(1)现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的分词作定语时可置于被修饰词的前面，也可置于被修饰词的后面。(2)现在分词的完成时的主动及被动形式均不作后置定语。,2动词ing形式作状语。(1)作时间状语。*Working in the office, the clerk heard an explosion from the street.在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。*Having finished her homework, the girl was busy with the th
7、ing she likes.完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。,名师点拨动词ing形式一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。,(2)作原因状语。*Lacking enough money, they had to give up the plan.由于缺乏足够的资金，他们只好放弃了这项计划。(3)作条件状语。*Getting the chance to study abroad, he will try his best to improve himself.如果得到到国外学习的机会，他将尽力提升自己。,(4)作结果状语。*
8、He failed to work out the last question in the maths paper, making him lose the chance to enter his ideal university.他没有能够做出数学试卷上的最后一道题，致使他失去了上理想大学的机会。(5)作让步状语。*Working hard all the day, he still felt energetic.尽管努力工作了一整天，他仍然感到精力充沛。,(6)作伴随状语。*The girls sat together in front of the house, talking and
9、 laughing.女孩们一起坐在屋前，又说又笑。(7)作方式状语。*They greeted each other bowing to each other.他们鞠躬彼此打招呼。,名师点拨(1)动词ing形式作状语时相当于与之对应的状语从句，并且可互相转换。(2)动词ing形式作伴随状语时，则可转化成并列谓语。*Knowing what to do next, he set out to do it at once.When he knew what to do next, he set out to do it at once.当明白下一步要做什么时，他立刻开始着手做起来。,*The gu
10、ide showed the visitors around the pictures explaining the background of each picture.The guide showed the visitors around the pictures and explained the background of each picture.导游领着游客参观这些图画，并解说每一幅画的背景。,二、难点突破1单个的动词ing形式作定语置于被修饰词的前面时，注意下面的两种情况对比。*The old man needs a walking stick.The old man need
11、s a stick used for walking.(表示用途)老人需要一把用于行走的手杖。*There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the rising sun.There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the sun which is rising.(强调动作)现在山顶上有很多人在欣赏正在升起的太阳。,2独立主格。现在分词作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常
12、用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。*Weather permitting, we will go out for an outing.如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。*The paper having been finished, the student handed it in.做完试卷之后，这位学生把它交了上去。,3评论性状语。有些动词ing形式作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking，judging from，consid
13、ering，supposing，providing等。*Judging from what he has said，he is a doctor.根据他的话判断，他是位医生。*Considering that the old man is old, he needs looking after.考虑到老人老了，他需要被照顾。,4动词ing形式作状语时，常将否定副词not置于分词前面。*Not having finished the work, they had to work extra hours.由于没有完成工作，他们只好加班。5状语从句转化为非谓语作状语时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，
14、从句谓语含有be动词时，可保留从句的引导词。*When getting to the top of the mountain, they found the sun was rising.当他们到达山顶时，发现太阳正在升起。,6动词ing形式与过去分词的区别(1)语态不同：v.ing形式表示主动概念，与相关的名词或代词之间构成一种“主谓关系”。而过去分词表示被动概念，与相关的名词或代词构成一种“动宾关系”。(2)时间不同：v.ing形式表示“正在进行的动作”；过去分词表示“已完成的动作”。Seeing from the hill, you will see the beautiful city
15、.在山上看，你会看到美丽的城市。Seen from the hill, the beautiful lake is like a big mirror.从山上看，那个美丽的湖就像一面大镜子。,巧学助记分词短语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题；逗号前后两动作，共用一主语；主语找出后，再来判关系；主动用ing，被动用ed；having done表先后，千万要牢记。,.句型转换(用非谓语动词结构变换句子)1The storm left and has caused a lot of damage to this area.The storm left, _this area.2Be careful w
16、hen you cross the road.Be careful when_.3The building that is being built now is our new school.The building _is our new school.4Who is the man that is reading over there?Who is the man_？,5Because she did not know that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have sup
17、per._that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have supper.6Because he is a student, he should study hard._， he should study hard.7Even though the farmer works hard on the farm all the year round, he still cant become rich._all the year round, the farmer still can
18、t become rich.,8The boy sat on the sofa and watched TV.The boy sat on the sofa, _.答案：1.having caused a lot of damage to2.crossing the road3being built now4.reading over there5.Not knowing6Being a student7.Working hard on the farm8watching TV,.用所给动词的适当形式填空1The man _(visit) Japan is my uncle.2. _(see)
19、 no one at home, I decided to come again.3_(hear)the good news, he jumped with joy.4_(walk) in the street, I saw a friend of mine.5_(talk and smile), they went into the room.6The mother died，_(leave) a lot of money for her children.,7_(see) from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.8
20、Many people _(be) absent, they decided to put the meeting off.9_(not have) heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.10_(finish) his work, Henry went home.答案：1.visiting/who is visiting2.Seeing3.Hearing4Walking5.Talking and smiling6.leaving7.Seeing8.being9.Not having10.Havin
21、g finished,.完成句子1They meet at _(一家大宾馆) with local business people.2They will be meeting with people _(代表) the Chinese government.3Children are always_(对好奇) the unknown world.4Do you know _(最佳方法) to studying a foreign language?5Can you _(表达自己) in English?,6We got there on time on the 940 _(直达快车)7_(十分
22、可能) well be in Spain at this time next year.8Body language_(非常普遍), and not all members of all cultures behave the same Way.9You should try to _(避免开车去市中心) at this time of the day.,10He is lucky enough to _(逃脱了惩罚)11They finally _(达成一致) about the plan at the meeting.答案：1.a major hotel2.who represent3.curious about4the best approach5.express yourself 6.express (train)7Its very likely that8.is very general9.avoid driving to the city center10.avoid being punished/avoid punishment11.reached an agreement,
