1、Unit 2English around the worldReading,Am E,Br E,Look at the pictures. Can you speak them in American English and British English?,soccer,football,Am E,Br E,eraser,rubber,Am E,Br E,lift,elevator,Am E,Br E,flat,apartment,actually in fact 实际上, 事实上at present now 现在的、出席的rule govern 统治vocabulary words and
2、 expressions 词汇、词汇量gradually by degrees 逐渐地,New words,official 官方的 voyage 航行, 航海native 本国的, 本地的actually 事实上latter 后者的 identity 身份fluent 流利的frequently 频繁地,be based on 以为基础culture 文化 、文明identity 身份government 政府rapidly 迅速地Singapore 新加坡Malaysia 马来西亚,Pre-reading,Read the title “The Road to Modern English
3、” and predict (预测) what the passage is mainly about?,The road to modern English,The road,the development of English language,More and more people speak English.,Native English speakers can understand each other but not everything.,Para 1:,Para 2:,Skimming,Main ideas of paragraphs,At the end of Later
4、 in the next century Today,English is changing over time. (cultures & places),English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.,Para 3-4:,Para 5:,A. How to learn English wellB. The brief history of modern EnglishC. The way to England D. The difference between modern English and ol
5、d English,Choose the main idea of the text.,B,Careful reading: Para 1-Development of English,the end of the 16th century,the next century,today,people,If an American is talking to an Englishman,_.A. They will have almost no difficulty in understandingB. They will have a lot of misunderstandings betw
6、een each otherC. The American finds it difficult to understand the EnglishmanD. The English man finds it difficult to follow the American,Para 2,A,Why does English change over time?,Because of cultural communication.,Read Para 3 andanswer the question:,How has English changed over time?AD 450-1150,A
7、merican Dictionary of the English Language,was based more on German,more like French,Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary,American English,Australian English,Para 3-4,(rule),(identity),British people went to Australia,1150-1500,In the 1600s,Find out the characteristics of each time according t
8、o the time axis.,AD450-1150,800-1150,The time ADEL was written,In the 1600s,later,German,less like German; more like French,Shakespeares English,American English,Australian English,German,The history of the English language,less,ruled,Shakespeare,America,Australia,government and education,English sp
9、elling,dictionary,The American Dictionary of the English Language.,in South Asia,China,South Africa,Samuel Johnson Born: September 18, 1709 Write a dictionary One of the English languages most profound influences.,Two important persons in Para 4,Noah Webster Born: October 16, 1758Died: May 28, 1843W
10、hen Noah was 43, he started writing the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently.,Why is India mentioned in the last paragraph?A. Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second languag
11、e because of its long being ruled by Britain.B. Because India has a very large number of English speakers.C. Because India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life.D. Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.,Para 5,A,English is used as,A first lang
12、uage,A second language,A foreign language,in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand and so on.,in India, Pakistan, Nigeria the Philippines, and HK and so on.,in China, and so on.,time,place,Language can change with time.,Language can change when cultures communicate wi
13、th each other.,Conclusion,Flow Chart,The Road To Modern English,English is not all the same,English changes over time,The end of 16th C,The next century,Today,More like French,Shake-speares time,English speakers increasing,English spread inAsia and Africa,Am E,Australian English,India,Other coun-tri
14、es,China,Based on German,1. English has/had the most speakers_.nowwhen the British ruled many parts of the worldC. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th century2. Which of the following statement is true?Languages always stay the same.Languages change only after wars.Languages no longer change.L
15、anguages change when cultures change.,A,D,Choose the correct answer.,3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like _. A. French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian4. Shakespeares English was spoken around _. A. 1400s B. 1150s C. 450s D. 1600s 5. Which country has the fastest growing number of Englis
16、h speakers in the world? A. Australia B. China C. India D. Britain,C,D,B,Most English speakers in the 16th century lived in England.2. More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language.3. English began to be spoken in other countries in 17th century.,T,T,T,True or False,4. Native Engli
17、sh speakers cant understand each other because they dont speak the same kind of English. 5. As English is widely used, it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.6. Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.,F,T,T,7. From 1765 to 1947 English beca
18、me the language for government and education in India. 8. America has the largest number of English learners. 9. English had the most speakers in the 17th century. 10. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.,T,F,F,T,11. Languages frequently change.12. The language of the gove
19、rnment is always the language of the country. 13. English is one of the official languages used in India. 14. This reading describes the development of the English language.,F,T,T,F,1. What is the clue of the passage?2. When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world?,Time.,In
20、 the 17th century.,Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.,3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?,India was ruled by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time English became the language for government and education.,At first, only people in _ spoke Engl
21、ish. Later, people from England _ to other parts, so English began to be spoken in _ _ _. Today, _ people speak English as their _, second or foreign language. _ English speakers _understand each other but _ _.,Retell the text.,England,moved,many other countries,more,first,Native,can,not everything,
22、All languages change when _ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own _. English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in _ _ _. Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.,cult
23、ures,identity,many other countries,Thinking,Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes?,“Only time will tell”.,Discussion,Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why?2. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?,Why do so many people want to learn E
24、nglish?,To use for business,To use in school,To talk to nativespeakers,To read Englishbooks,To write to pen friends,To listen to English music and movies,1. Nearly all of them lived in England.nearly和almost 用法明辨：(1) 两者通用的场合 a. 在肯定句中 b. 修饰all, every, always 等时 c. 在行为动词的否定式前时e.g. He is almost/nearly 8
25、0 years old.,Language Points,(2)只用almost 的场合a. 和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等连用时。b. 和too, more than 等连用时。c. 和表示感觉或心理活动的静态 动词连用时。e.g. There is almost none left. (3)只用nearly的场合a. 被 very, not, pretty 等修饰时。b. 和具体数字连用时(nearly常用)。如:Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.,2. voyage 在此为
26、可数名词, 意为“旅行, 航行”。如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help.,拓展 voyage还可用作动词, 意为“(乘船) 航行, 航海”。如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意区别名词travel, journey, trip和voy
27、age: travel 用作不可数名词, 只用于泛指从某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间里到处走, 可用travels；journey用作可数名词, 表示去某地所花的时间和旅行,的距离, 尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行; trip用作可数名词, 表示非定期的, 也许较短的往返旅行; voyage则常指海上旅行或太空旅行。 Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels again. Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are
28、 going on a trip to the castle.,3. because of 后边加名词或动名词短语； because 是连词, 所以后边跟句子。 因为你的关心, 我发现生活充满了希望。Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope.Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.,因为雨下得很大, 那个男孩穿过树林回家了。Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home t
29、hrough the woods.Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.,4. than ever before “比以往任何时候更”than ever before可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。在比较级结构中，副词 ever 与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气。如:Youll speak English much better than ever before.Jane looks much prettier than ever be
30、fore.,ever在不同句型中的意义： 1) 曾经; 以前 (用于疑问句) 2) 无论什么时候都 (不) (用于否定句) 3) 曾经 (用于if 从句) 4) 到底; 究竟 (用于特殊疑问句) 5) 永远; 老是 (用于肯定句),5. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.even if =even though “即使”, 用来引导一个让步状语从句, 后面既可以用陈述语气, 也可用虚拟语气, 但是even if / though 引
31、导的从句不用将来时。如:Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.,用if, as if, even if 填空。(1) _ I had money, I wouldnt buy it.(2) _ I had money, I would buy it.(3) It looks _ it is going to rain.(even if 引导让步状语从句; if 引导条件状语从句; as if/though “似乎是”引导方式状语从句),Even if,If,as if,注意: (1) even if (= even thoug
32、h): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使; 尽管是连词词组, 用来引导让步状语从句; 若主、从句皆表示将来情况, 从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。(2) even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。 even though 从句是事实。e.g. Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) (Even) though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.),When
33、talking to a friend over the telephone, you feel that you are close _ the actual distance is not shortened. A. but B. even if C. so D. because,B, A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. The sun comes up in the east. New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the o
34、ld ones. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出现；发生,6. come up 上来, 走近; 发芽; 被提出; 升起,走近, 上来,升起,被提出,come across 偶然遇到或找到come around 恢复; 还原; 改变某人的 意见或立场come down 传承; 按习惯通过或处理come out 成为众所周知; 发行或发表; 结果; 自己公开宣布come over 过来; 偶然拜访come up with 宣布或发现 The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.,
35、7. So why has English changed over time?那么, 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？over 贯穿, 经过 (一段时间)e.g.经过这些年, 他变得更有耐心。 Over the years, he has become more patient. 周末她会来杭州。She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend.圣诞节时你在家吗？Will you stay at home over Christmas?over 超过(=more than), 再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over
36、,8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。1) base v. 意为“以为根据, 把基础设在”, 常构成短语base sth. on/upon sth。如：,This novel is based on fact.这部小说是以事实为根据的。The paper had intended to base itself in London.This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence.拓展base还可用作
37、名词, 意为“底部, 基地, 基础”等。如:,There is a door at the base of the tower.How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil?Many languages have Latin as their base.掌握base构成的两个短语：be off base 完全错误, 大错特错touch base (with) sb(跟某人) 联系上, 逗留,2) morethan 是而不是;与其说不如说; 中间接相同成分。He is more a friend than a teach
38、er.He is more lazy than stupid.扩展: more than 不仅仅; 多于; 十分e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school.He made more than ten friends in this club.She is more than beautiful.rather than 而不是; less than少于；other than 除之外,3) present,adj. 当前的, 现在的 (作前置定语)Did you see the present national leaders?Can you tell
39、 us something about the present situation?出席的, 在场的 (作表语或后置定语) Our teacher was present at the meeting.All the people present agree to my plan.,n. 目前, 现在; 礼物I cant spare time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents?at present: now; at this time/moment Shes busy at p
40、resent and cant speak to you. 她现在很忙, 不能跟你谈话。At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。,vt. 赠与，给， 提出present sb. with sth. 或present sth. to sb.把交给, 颁发, 授予 如:Mother presented a gift to me just now.On his birthday, his friends presented him with a series of readers/presente
41、d a series of readers to him. (送给他一套读者),9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量。make use of 利用, 使用make good/full use of 充分使用make no use of sth. 没有利用 We could make good use of our resources.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。Every minute should be made good use of. 每一分钟都应该很好
42、地利用。,She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel.We should make good use of time to study.拓展 make构成的常见短语: make of、make from 通常用于被动语态, 构成be made of、be made from 都表示“由制成”。,其中be made of 表示在产品中能够看出原材料; be made from 表示在产品中看不出原材料。make up 编写, 编造；和解make up of 由组成/构成；make up for 弥补, 补偿make out
43、理解, 弄懂; 看清, (勉强) 辨认出; 假装, 装成make into 制成make it 成功, 办成; 及时赶到,10. the number of/ a number ofthe number of “的数目”, 接可数名词复数, 其后谓语动词用单数。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.a number of 许多, 大量 (后接复数名词), 其后谓语动词用复数。(a great number of/a large number of/ a small number of )A number of tea
44、chers agree with me.,The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; were,C,注意: 只能修饰可数名词的 a large/great/good number of, a good/great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few,只能修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of, a large amou
45、nt of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of,11. such as & for example,such as 用来列举事物时, 一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子且所列举事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和, 一旦相等, 要用that is 或namely.I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom.He can speak four languages, such as English and French.,
