1、研读材料，完成下列内容：一、重点单词熟记1_/jusId/n.使用，用法；词语惯用法2_/kmnd/n. & vt.命令，指挥，掌握3_/rIkwest/n.& vt.请求，要求,Section Learning about Language,usage,command,request,二、重点短语探究1代替，而不是_2和不同_3往下看_4关上_5hold on_6make sense_,instead of,be different from,look down,turn off,等一下，别挂断,讲得通，有意义,三、教材佳句背诵1It is not easy for a Chinese pe
2、rson to speak English _ fluently _ a native English speaker.对于一个中国人，把英语说得像英国本国的人一样流利不容易。2_ we know，British English is a little different from American English.众所周知，英式英语与美式英语不同。,as,as,As,1command(1)n. 命令，控制，掌握，指挥权He gives his commands in a loud voice.他大声发出命令。Jimmy has a hundred men under his command.
3、吉米指挥一百个人。Youd better read and write more to have a good command of English.要掌握好英语就要多读多写。,【归纳拓展】under the command ofunder ones command由指挥/控制be in command of控制be at ones command听任某人支配take command of控制have a (good) command of.了解/掌握,(2)vt.命令，指挥，支配The general commanded his soldiers to fire.将军命令他的士兵们开火。Th
4、e pirate chief commanded that the prisoners (should) be shot.海盗首领下令将俘虏枪杀。注意：command后可接that从句，从句中的谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略。,【即境活用】用适当的介词填空For the first time in years, I felt _command of her life.The army is _the generals command.The police arrived and took command _the situation.The money is _his co
5、mmand, which he can spend on anything he likes.,in,under,of,at,2request n&vt.请求；要求【搭配】(1)at sbs requestat the request of sb应某人之请求by request(of sb)应(某人的)请求；经(某人的)要求make a request for sth要求得到make a request that从句做出请求(2)request sth from/of sb向某人要求某物request sb to do sth要求某人做某事requestthat从句从句中谓语用(should)
6、do,He came to attend the party by request.他应邀来参加宴会。The little boy requested a toy from/of his mother.小男孩向妈妈要玩具。request sb not to do sth通常用被动语态，即：be requested not to do sthTheyve made an urgent request for an international aid/that the international aid should be offered.他们紧急请求国际援助。You are requested
7、not to smoke in the public places.公共场所不准吸烟。,点津：request后面跟宾语从句、同位语从句时，从句谓语用shoulddo，should可省，即为虚拟语气。,【即境活用】句型转换I attended their wedding by request.I attended their wedding _.The workers made a request for a pay raise.The workers made a request that _.The workers requested that _.,at their request,the
8、ir pay should be raised,their pay should be raised,3As we know, British English is a little different from American English.众所周知，英式英语与美式英语有所不同。【句式分析】该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中充当know的宾语，as指代整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词往往是整个主句，常译为“正像一样，正如一样。”,常见的表达方式有：as is well known众所周知；as often happens这种情况经常发生；as is often
9、the case情况常常这样；as is supposed如所预料的；as has been pointed out如所指出的；as has been said before如前所述；as we all know众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as we expect 正如我们所预料的那样。,As we have pointed out, few people are total winners or losers.正如我们已指出的，很少有人是完全的胜者或完全的败者。(as作pointed out的宾语，指代后面整个句子的内容)As is known to all
10、, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。(as作is known to all的主语，指代后面整个句子),【即境活用】_I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.AWhen BAfter CAs DSince,C,语法导图,知能精解一、祈使句变间接引语直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要变为ask/tell/order sb(not) to do sth的句式。人称、时间状语、地点状语按要求作相应变化。“Please dont
11、 disturb me，” he said to the boy.He asked the boy not to disturb him.“Stay here until tomorrow，” said my grandma.My grandma told me to stay there until the following day.学法点拨：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住；替换said要考虑；去掉please莫迟疑；直引若是否定式，not加在to前来显示。,误区警示：有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可以用suggest，insist，offer等动词加以转述，此
12、时要注意这些词的固定搭配。He said，“Lets go to the museum.”He suggested that we(should)go to the museum.The doctor said to him，“Dont drink too much.”The doctor suggested that he should not drink too much.,当祈使句作直接引语表示请求时，变间接引语常采用request/beg/ask sb to do sth的形式。若原句中没有称呼语，通常可加上me，him，us等。The teacher said，“Will you p
13、lease not smoke here？”The teacher requested us not to smoke there.“Could you help me with my homework？” she said.She asked me to help her with her homework.One of the doctors said，“Let me go on with the operation，Dr. Bethune.”One of the doctors begged Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.
14、,考法提示：对祈使句变间接引语的考查，实际上是考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。其中动词不定式的否定形式、主动形式、被动形式也是考查的切入点。,二、直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的7种情况1当直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理、客观事实、格言时，变为间接引语时其时态不变。Our geography teacher said to us，“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,
15、2当直接引语中阐述的是过去的客观事实，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Our history teacher taught us，“The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.”Our history teacher taught us that the Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.3直接引语是过去进行时。Jack said，“John，what were you doing when I phoned you？”Jack asked John what he was doing
16、when he phoned him.,4直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语。Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20,1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.5当直接引语中主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，其时态不变。He says，“I have accepted her suggestion.”He says that he has accepted her suggestion.Fred will say，“I havent finished the work yet.”Fred w
17、ill say that he hasnt finished the work yet.,6如果直接引语是虚拟语气，变为间接引语时，时态不变。“I insist that you give up smoking，” said the doctor.The doctor insisted that I give up smoking.7有些情态动词没有过去式，当直接引语变为间接引语时，可以用原来的情态动词，也可以用其他形式表达。“You mustnt cross the road against the red light，” said the policeman.The policeman s
18、aid that I mustnt cross the road against the red light.“Must I go to bed at eight？” Jim asked his mother.Jim asked his mother if he had to go to bed at eight.,学法点拨：直接引语变间接引语时，人称、动词时态、时间、地点等方面需要作相应的变动，但是其中不能变化的情况要特别记忆，这些是判断宾语从句中谓语动词时态时必须要考虑的问题。,【典例剖析】She asked me _ knock off the glass of water.Apleas
19、e be careful not to Bto be careful not toCto be careful to not Dnot to be careful to解析祈使句变为间接引语时，要在祈使句的动词原形前加上动词不定式符号to，否定形式在to前加not，如果句中有please，应去掉。本句中否定的是to knock off，而非to be careful，故不选D项。答案B,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _.Anot to Bnot to doCnot do it D
20、do not to解析考查动词不定式作宾补的用法，但也可把后一分句看作祈使句转换为间接引语，假如用直接引语可写成“. but his mother said to him，Dont ride your bicycle in the street.”，改成间接引语应为“. but his mother told him not to ride his bicycle in the street.”，因前一句中有to ride.，因此可省略，故选A项。答案A,The manager told her _ to post the letters by 3：00 in the afternoon.Ad
21、o remember Bbe sure to rememberCto remember Dremembering解析tell sb to do sth“告诉某人做某事”，用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。此处为间接引语，改为直接引语为：The manager said to her，“Please remember to post the letters by 3：00 in the afternoon.”答案C,My English teacher advised I _ keep my mouth shut to improve my spoken English.Ato Bnot to
22、Cnot Dmustnt解析advise后跟从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。主语I限制advised后只能接宾语从句。若用动词不定式表达，应用宾格me。答案C,知能精练.将下列直接引语变为间接引语1Mother said to the boy，“Hurry up！”_2The teacher said，“Dont be late again，Mary.”_3“Dont get out of the way，” said Mr Wu._,Mother told the boy to hurry up.,The teacher told Mary
23、not to be late again.,Mr Wu told us not to get out of the way.,4“Please open the door，” he said to her._5The teacher said，“Stand up and dont be afraid to say what you think.”_6She said，“What a lovely day it is！”_7She asked，“Will you please pass me the book？”_,He asked her to open the door.,The teach
24、er told us to stand up and not to be afraid to say,what we thought.,She said what a lovely day it was.,She asked me to pass her the book.,8“Youd better start tomorrow，” Tom said to Alice._9He said，“Happy birthday！”_10“Let me stay up a little longer tonight，Mother，” he said._,Tom advised Alice to sta
25、rt the next day.,He wished me a happy birthday.,He begged his mother to let him stay up a little longer,that night.,.单项填空1“Dont tell the news to him，” she said.She advised me _.Anot tell the news to himBto not tell the news to himCnot to tell the news to himDnot telling the news to him解析否定祈使句变为间接引语时
26、要用not to do sth作宾语补足语。答案C,2The little boy asked his father if he _ stay at home to spend that weekend.Amust Bhad toChave to Dcould解析在间接引语中可用have to表示“必须”，此处用过去时。答案B,3Mother insisted that I _ home for the Spring Festival.Awould go Bmight goCshould go Dshall go解析insist作“坚决主张”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(
27、should)动词原形”。答案C,4The assistant tells me that she _ the request instead of me while I was away.Areplied to Bhas replied toChad replied Dreplied解析由句子后半部分while I was away可知，前面要用一般过去时态；而reply为不及物动词，reply to sb/sth表示“答复某人/某事”。答案A,5The teacher told us that the Second World War _ in 1939.Ahad broken out B
28、broke outCwas broken out Dhas broken out解析若间接引语中有具体的表示过去的时间状语，用一般过去时。答案B,6That scientist said to those little children that the earth _ around the sun.Atravels BtravelledChas travelled Dhad travelled解析当间接引语表示的是客观真理时，它所在的宾语从句用一般现在时态，不受主句谓语动词的影响。答案A,7He said to us that he _ the teachers instructions.A
29、must follow BfollowedCfollow Dmust have followed解析must没有过去式，变为间接引语时，用原来的形式；must作“必须”讲时，不用于must have done中。答案A,8The boss _ all the employees to work with great care.Aasked Bsaid Cagreed Dspoke解析四个选项中只有ask可用于“vt.sbto do”结构中。答案A,9The general ordered all the soldiers _ alert(警惕的)Astayed Bto stay Cstays
30、Dshould stayed解析order sb to do sth命令某人做某事。答案B,10The boss ordered the work _ in three days.Afinish Bto finishCto be finished Dfinished解析order sth to be done要求某事被做。此题中finish与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用to be finished；也可以使用(should)be finished，这样ordered后接的是宾语从句，并使用了虚拟语气。答案C,11The army officer _ his men to fire a
31、s soon as the enemies came up.Arequested BcommandedCbegged Dsuggested解析考查动词辨析。句意：那位军官命令士兵们等敌人一走近就开火射击。request请求，命令；command命令，指挥；beg请求，乞求，恳求；suggest建议，暗示。command sb to do sth命令某人做某事。答案B,12What _ of English he _！Agood command；is atBa good command；hasCgood command；hasDgood commands；has解析考查command的名词用法。
32、have a good command of.精通，能自由运用答案B,13He asked _.Awhat the matter is Bwhat the matter wasCwhat is the matter Dwhat was the matter解析考查间接引语的语序。whats the matter本身就是一个陈述语序的句子。在变成间接引语时语序不变。但此题须根据asked改为过去时态，故只有D项正确。答案D,14My mother asked me to show my homework to her.My mother said to me，“Show _ homework.”
33、Aher my Bme yourCher your Dme his解析考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。第一句句意：妈妈让我把我的作业给她看一下。所以在转换成直接引语的时候，应该选B项。另外还要注意词组show sth to sbshow sb sth给某人看某物。答案B,15“Be careful with the dog，” said he.He _ me to be careful with the dog.Asaid Bwarned Cbegged Dhoped解析考查间接引语的动词选用。句意：他告诫我小心那条狗。warn告诫，警告，提醒；A项和D项搭配不对，故被排除；beg请求；恳求，不符合题意。答案B,
