1、教材研读一、重点单词熟记1_adj.本地的；当地的2_adv.分离地；分别地3_n绘画；画4_n城堡,unit 1 Cultural Relics Section Learning about Language,local,apart,painting,castle,二、重点短语探究1second_二手2_part拆开3as_as和一样好；实际上等于,good,hand,take,三、教材佳句背诵1He recognized that it was a_cultural relic, but at a price he could afford, so he bought it at once
2、.虽然他承认这是一件稀罕的文物，但是价格他能够负担得起，所以他立刻就买了下来。2The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and_ it.那个老人看到有些德国人把琥珀屋拆开运走了。,removing,rare,apart adv.分离地；分别地take apart拆开；拆卸(教材原句)The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.(P4)一位老人看到一些德国人拆开琥珀屋把它运走了。【句法分析】此句是简单句，谓语动词see后面
3、的宾语为复合宾语，其中现在分词taking apart作宾语some Germans的补足语。,【用法归纳】take.apart 把拆开We had to take the engine apart. 我们不得不卸下引擎。apart from除之外(别无/还有)except/besidesShe lives apart from her parents.她和父母分开住。tell/know.apart把区别开来fall apart土崩瓦解stand apart分开站立live apart分开住take part in 参加,考点警示apart的考点主要有两个：与动词构成的短语辨析；与介词构成的短
4、语用法。【即境活用】完成句子He told me that_.他告诉我机器已被拆开。The policeman_.警察正在把炸弹拆开。答案the machine had already been taken apartis taking the bomb apart,单项填空_good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Shandong Cuisine.AFar from BRegardless ofCInstead of DApart from解析考查固定短语。句意：除了优质服务之外这家酒店还提供各种各
5、样的传统的山东美食。far from“远非”；regardless of“不管，不顾”；instead of“代替”。apart from“除了之外还”根据句意选D。答案D,Rod loves_clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.Ataking apart Bgiving awayCmaking up Dturning off 解析考查动词短语。句意：Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。A项意为“拆开；拆卸”；B项意为“赠送，泄露”；C项意为“编造；弥补；化装”；D项意为“关掉”。答案A,知能精
6、解 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。,1具体用法(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用。因此，不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers.有许多东西将会使英国读者不愉快。I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park.我永远不会忘记我们在公园相见的那一天。考点警示在限制性定语从句中，关系代词如果作宾语，可以省略。,We have got the instrument (
7、that) we need.我们买到了所需要的仪器。(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与所修饰的名词(先行词)关系松弛，只提供有关该名词的补充情况或附加说明。即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时，往往用逗号与主句分开。 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten years.我又来到了波士顿，我有十年没有到这里来了。,考点警示非限制性定语从句形式上是从句，其功能实质上相当于一个分句。有时，甚至可以将其
8、译成状语从句。 Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.后来他遇到了玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。(who实际上and she)He said he was busy, which was untrue.他说他很忙，其实不然。(which was untruethough it was untrue),2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的主要区别(1)形式不同限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。(2)功能不同限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和
9、识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。,People who regularly take physical exercise live longer.进行有规律体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in London now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在伦敦，下星期回来。(若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整)(3)先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句
10、子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：,Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性
11、定语从句修饰),(4)关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略，that在非限制性定语从句中不能代替who, whom或which。Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(who不能用that代替)3as与which的区别(1)不管在限制性定语从句还是在非限制性定语从句里，as都不能做介宾，which可以做介宾。,A chemical reactio
12、n is a process in which one species is converted to another.化学反应是一种物质转变成另一种物质的过程。(which做介宾，引导限制性定语从句)(2)一是引导词指的是一个具体的名词；二是关系代词引导的是一个限制性定语从句。The building which stands near the river is our school.考点警示在与the same.as等连用时，as修饰一个具体的名词，引导一个限制性定语从句。如果不与the same.as等连用时，as只能指主句全句，并且只能引导一个非限制性定语从句。,Its the sam
13、e person as we wanted to find yesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。Such girls as he knows are good at English.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。(3)定语从句的动词不是连系动词。She has married again, which delighted us.考点警示as作主语时，之后的动词必须是连系动词，否则必须用which。错She has married again, as delighted us.(4)定语从句的表语不具有肯定的含义。She has married again, which was unexp
14、ected.,【典例剖析】典例1That evening，_I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：稍后我会告诉你更多关于那晚的事，那晚我工作到很晚。先行词为that evening，将先行词代入定语从句中为：I will tell you more about that evening later.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，且表示“物”，故用which引导。本题容易误选D项，考生只看到先行词为表示时间的名词，
15、但没有分析先行词在定语从句中的语法功能。答案B,典例2Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，_， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhom解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Ellen 是一个专画鸟类和大自然的画家，因为某种原因，她远离了人类社会。修饰先行词Ellen。因为先行词指人并且在定语从句中作主语，所以只能用关系代词who引导。答案B,典例3The old town has narrow streets and small ho
16、uses _are built close to each other.Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：这个古老的小镇拥有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。先行词是small houses，还原到定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。A、C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词不能作主语。答案D,典例4It is the third time that she has won the race，_has surprised us all.Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhat解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她再一次在比赛中获胜，这
17、点已经令我们所有人感到惊讶。逗号前面的整个句子为先行词。关系词which在句子中作主语，指代上句内容，意思“这一点”，此处要防止受思维定式影响，误认为是It is the third time that.句型。答案C,典例5Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhat解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：玛利亚已经写了两部小说，两部小说都被改编成了电视剧。根据句子结构可知，逗号不能连接两个完整的分句，首先排除A；that不能引导非限制性定语从
18、句，故排除B；what不是定语从句的引导词，故答案用which不能用that。答案C,典例6A lot of language learning, _has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.Aas Bit Cwhich Dthis解析句意：正如人们发现的那样，许多语言学习是在生命的第一年进行的，所以在那个时期父母应该多和孩子说话。本题考查非限制性定语从句关系代词的选用。根据句子结构可知
19、，空格处为非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为一个句子(即：A lot of language learning is happening.)，先行词在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句为被动语态时，常用as作主语来引导定语从句；如果从句中行为动词为主动语态，一般用which作主语。故答案为A，as 表示“正如”。 答案A,解题指导：定语从句的做题要抓住“四”步：还原先行词；分析先行词在定语从句中的句子成分；遇到介词提前要注意动词与介词的搭配；依据成分确定相应的关系词。知能精练. 完成句子1Is this school_(我们三年前参观过的)?2How many students are there
20、in your class_ _(家是农村的)? 3The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage_(那里已有其他的7个人了),4The foreign guests，_(大部分是政府官员), were warmly welcomed at the airport.5Finally, the thief handed over everything _ _(他所偷的东西)to the police.6Who is the woman _(正在清理地板的)over there?7_(正如我所预料的那样), he got the fir
21、st place again in this midterm examination.8There is something wrong with your recorder. Youd better_(拆开它)and repair it.,9To my surprise，_(他是个当地人). 10_(看到他进了教室)the classroom while the teacher turned to the window.11_(众所周知), English is not very difficult to learn.12Do you know_(她改变想法的理由)?答案1.the one
22、we visited three years ago2whose homes are in the country3where there were already seven other people4most of whom were government officials5that he had stolen,6that is sweeping the floor7As I expected8take it apart9he is a local person10He was seen to come into 11As is known to us all12the reason w
23、hy she has changed her mind,.单项填空1The English play_my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.Afor which Bat whichCin which Don which解析考查定语从句中的介词提前后跟关系词的用法。句意：我的学生在新年晚会上表演的英语话剧大获成功。此处动词act与先行词之间用介词in，意思为“在戏剧中的表演”，符合题意。答案C,2The place_interested me most was the Childrens Palace.Awhic
24、h Bwhere Cwhat Din which解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：最令我感兴趣的地方就是少年宫。先行词place 指物在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which代替先行词，在定语从句中作主语。答案A,3Do you know the man_？Awhom I spoke Bto who spokeCI spoke to Dthat I spoke解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：你知道和我说话的那个人吗？“和谁讲话”要用speak to sb。本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。答案C,4Can
25、 you lend me the book_the other day?Aabout which you talkedBwhich you talkedCabout that you talkedDthat you talked解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：你能把那本几天前谈到的那本书借给我吗？ “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。答案A,5Im interested in_you have said.Aall that Ball whatCthat Dwhich解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：我对你所说的一切都感兴趣。因
26、为先行词是all，所以只能选用that引导。答案A,6I want to use the same dictionary_was used yesterday.Awhich Bwho Cwhat Das解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：我想用与昨天一样的词典。 the same.as是固定用法，as引导定语从句时可以作主语、宾语或表语，在本句话中as作从句的主语。答案D,7He is good at English，_we all know.Athat Bas Cwhom Dwhat解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他擅长英语，这点我们都知道。as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as
27、所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中as作宾语。答案B,8Li Ming，_to the concert enjoyed it very much.AI went with Bwith whom I went Cwith who I went DI went with him解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：李明和我一起去参加了音乐会，他很喜欢它。“与一起去”用with与动词共搭配。Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句，with whom I went to the concert
28、是定语从句，with whom放在从句中为：I went to the concert with Li Ming。答案B,解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我丢了一本书，现在不记得它的书名了。名词title与书的关系为“的”，修饰限定，故用whose title引导非限制性定语从句；whose title也可以说成the title of which。答案A,10I can never forget the day_we worked together and the day_we spent together.Awhen；which Bwhich；when Cwhat；that Don which；when解析考查限制性定语从句。句意：我从来也不记得我们在一起工作的日子和渡过的时光。第一个空的先行词在定语从句中作动词work的状语；第二空先行词作动词spend的宾语，故第一个空要用关系副词when，第二个空要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。答案A,
