1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修8 (通用本),Meeting your ancestors,Unit 5,Section Warmingup; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 5,.词汇过关1音意记忆。(1)_(n.)可能的选择(adj.)供选择的；其他的(2)_(adj.)有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的(3)_ (n.)被子；棉被(4)_ (adj.)足够的；充足的；富裕的(5)_ (adj.)原始的；远古的；简陋的,alternative,acute,quit,ample,primitive,2形意记忆。(
2、1)starvation (n.)挨饿；饿死_ (v.) (使)挨饿(2)accuracy (n.) 精确；准确_ (adj.) 精确的(3)_ (vt. & vi.) 打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption (n.) 打断(4)_ (vt.) 假定；设想assumption (n.) 假设(5)_ (vi. & vt.)(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharpener(n.)磨具；削具_ (adj.)锋利的(6)messy (adj.)凌乱的；脏的_ (n.) 混乱；纷乱,starve,accurate,interrupt,assume,sharpen,sharp,mess,.短语自
3、查1带领某人参观_2把和比较_3生火_4至多；最多_5由制成_6scare away_7keep out_8cut up_,show sb. around,compare with,make fires,at most,be made of/from,吓跑,关在门外；不准进入,切碎,.根据课文内容填空Choose the best answers according to the text A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES.1The main idea of the text is about the _ of the earliest people in th
4、e Zhoukoudian caves.A. life and habitsB. food and clothingC. homes and fishingD. farming and hunting,2Through the conversation, everything about the earliest people is mentioned EXCEPT _.A. homes B. toolsC. dress D. entertainment3The earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves kept themselves warm by _
5、.A. working B. fightingC. making fires D. hunting,4Evidence has shown that the earliest people in the cave used _ to make clothes according to the conversation.A. leaves B. tree skinsC. animal skins D. cotton5From the conversation we can infer that the earliest people in the caves were very _. A. bu
6、sy and rich B. idle and lazy C. clever and hardworking D. stupid and cruel答案：15ADCCC,1.identify (v.)sb./sth.(as sb./sth.)确认；认出；鉴定I cannot identify this signature.我识别不出这是谁的签字。She identified the man as her attacker.她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。,活学活用补全句子你能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗？Can you _ _ _among this lot?答案：identify your
7、 umbrella,2alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今天可以利用的选择吗？You have the alternative of riding or walking.你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。The alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma.去野餐或者去乘船旅游二者只能择一的计划使他们左右为难。,知识拓展an alter
8、native to. 的替代品have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做alternative energy 可替代能源She had no alternative but to ask for a few days leave.实在不得已，她只好请几天假。,活学活用(1)完成句子除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。We _ _ _ _ _ _ _.除了战斗，没有其他的办法。There is _ _ _ _ _.,(2)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new
9、 ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.Aprimary BalternativeCinstant Dunique答案：(1)have no alternative but to go onno alternative but to fight(2)B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为煤和石油的储量越来越少，科学家正在探索利用诸如太阳光、风和水等其他的替代能源新形式以获取能量和燃料。alternative表示“可供替代的”。,3starvation n. 挨饿；饿死Mi
10、llions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.由于发生旱灾，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿的威胁。知识拓展starve vt. & vi.(使)饿死；渴望starve to death 饿死starve for sth. 渴求/需要什么starve to do sth.想要干某事starve sb. into sth./into doing sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事,活学活用(1)完成句子They tried _ _ _ _(用饥饿来迫使他)submission.The plants are_
11、 _ _(需要水)答案：to starve him intostarving for water,(2)Unless these people get food in the next two weeks they will starve _.Ato die Bto deathCdead Ddying答案：B句意：这些人会饿死，除非他们在接下来的两周里得到食物。starve to death“饿死”，为固定搭配，所以选B项。,4interrupt vt. & vi. 打断讲话；打岔；打扰；暂时中断或中止He interrupted his work to have lunch.他停止工作去吃午
12、餐。We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash.我们暂时中断这个节目，插播新闻快讯。The traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。,图解助记,比较网站interrupt，disturb,知识拓展interrupt sb./sth. with. 用打扰/打断某人或某事interruption n. 阻断物；中断时间；插嘴；打岔,活学活用(1)用interrupt, disturb填空。The noise of the machine _ my s
13、leep last night.Im sorry to _ you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital?答案：disturbedinterrupt,(2)完成句子Lets go somewhere where we can talk _.我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。答案：without interruption,(3)I dont want to _ you. Go on with your story.Aexcuse BsatisfyCinterrupt Drefuse答案：C句意：我不想打断你，继续讲你的故事吧。interrup
14、t“打断讲话；打岔”，符合题意。excuse“原谅”；satisfy“使(某人)满意”；refuse“拒绝”。,5assume v假定；假想； 以为；假装；装作；担任；承担在听到对他不利的证词之前，我们假定他是无罪的。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。,知识拓展(1)assume sth. 假设；假装assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that.据认为(2)assumption n. 假定；设想assuming (t
15、hat).假定；设想His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。,比较网站assume, suppose,He assumed that prices would rise and therefore, he stored much food.他认为价格要上涨，因而就储存了很多的食物。I suppose it will rain.我认为将要下雨。,活学活用(1)完成句子在证实他有罪之前我们必须要假定他是清白
16、的。We _ _ _ _ _ innocent until he is proved guilty. 假如今天下午下雨我们该怎么办呢？_ _ _ this afternoon, what shall we do?答案：(1)must assume him to beAssuming it rains,(2)It is generally _ that stress is caused by too much work and little relaxation.Aimagined BassumedCguessed Dclarified答案：B句意：人们普遍认为，压力是由工作过多且得不到放松所致
17、。assume“假定；设想”，It is assumed that.“据估计；人们推测”，符合题意。imagine“(毫无根据地)想象”；guess “(仅凭主观臆断)猜测”；clarify“弄清楚；弄明白”。,6preserve v. 保护；维持；保存We must preserve our natural resources.我们必须保护自然资源。He preserved the girl from the danger.他保护这个女孩免遭危险。Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold.鱼在卖出之前保存于冰和盐中。注意：p
18、reserve sth. from 使免遭,知识拓展preservable adj. 可保存的preservation n. 保存preserver n. 保护者；保存者Well preservable primary paleooil reservoir may exist in the desert.沙漠可能存在保存较好的原生古油藏。One of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial.保存的必要条件之一是迅速掩埋。We should award a prize to the preservers of the cu
19、lture relics.我们应该奖励那些文物保护者。,比较网站preserve，conserve，reserve与protectpreserve v. 保护；维持；保存This program emphasized the necessity for preserving natural resources.这个节目强调了保护自然资源的必要性。conserve v. “保存，保护”，强调珍惜。The objective of resource management is to conserve our resources.,资源管理的目的就在于保护好我们的资源。reserve v. 指“意见
20、、看法的保留或座位的预定”。The first three rows of the hall are reserved for special guests.大厅的前3排留给特别来宾。protect v. “保护”，强调使其免受破坏或损害。He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.他戴一副墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。,活学活用(1)In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may preserve the majority _ extinct
21、ion.Aagainst BwithCbeyond Dfrom答案：D句意：尽管不能保护每一个濒临灭绝的物种，我们能保护大部分物种免遭灭绝。preserve sth. from“使免遭”。根据题意选D项。,(2)It is the duty of the police to _ social order.Asave BreserveCpreserve Drescue答案：C句意：维持社会秩序是警察的职责。save“拯救，节省”；reserve指“意见、看法的保留或座位的预定”；preserve“保护，维持，保存”；rescue“营救”。根据题意选C项。,7analysis n分析，它的复数形式
22、是analyses。His analysis was always convincing.他的分析总是令人信服的。I want a detailed report of all the analyses.我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。,知识拓展analyse/analyze v. 分析；分解analysable adj. 可分析的；可分解的We should analyse what they said and not just agree with everything.我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。Many compounds are analysable.许多化合物是可分解
23、的。,活学活用完成句子(1)他对形势作了周密的分析。He _ _ _ _ _of the situation.(2)他们对这个题目进行了分析。They _ _ _ _of this subject.(3)这些分析为我们进一步研究做了理论铺垫。_ _make the basis for our further study.,(4)这项工作包括搜集和分析资料。The job involves gathering and _ data.(5)他非常周密地分析了报告。He _ the report very closely.答案：(1)made a close analysis(2)carried o
24、ut an analysis(3)Those analyses(4)analysing(5)analysed,1.regardless of 不顾；不管怎样；无论如何The law requires equal treatment for everyone, regardless of race, religion, or sex.这一法律要求平等对待每一个人，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to follow his advice.不论他是对还是错，我们不得不听从他的建议。,比较网站regard
25、less of，despite和in spite of 这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同。(1)regardless of不管；不顾；不理会。一般用语。(2)despite虽然；尽管；不顾。语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。(3)in spite of虽然；尽管；不顾。 多用于书面语，语气较重。,The training class welcomes all students regardless of age.培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest，Jack went to Spai
26、n.尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。In spite of all his efforts，he failed in his English exam.尽管他付出了极大努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。注意：regardless of，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that.。,活学活用(1)(2014福建)Our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background.Adue to Bexcept forCalong with Dregardless of答案：D考
27、查介词短语的辨析。due to“由于；因为”； except for“除之外”； along with“和(一起)”； regardless of“不管；不顾”。根据语境中的to everyone 可知，D项符合语境及句意。句意：我们俱乐部向每一个人开放，不管年龄、性别和教育背景。,(2)用in spite of或regardless of 填空_the weather，the sports meeting will be held on time._all the danger signs，they went swimming.答案：Regardless ofIn spite of,2at
28、most 至多；最多Its at most three centimetres long.它最多有三厘米长。It will take two hours at most to get there.最多两小时便可到达那里。知识拓展at most也可写成at the most，其反义词组为at (the) least。,活学活用完成句子(1)这次旅行最多只会花去你50英镑。The trip will only _ _ _ _ _ _.(2)尽可能多锻炼身体，每周锻炼四至六次，每次至少30分钟。Get as much exercise as possible _ _ _ _ every time,
29、four to six times a week.答案：(1)cost you fifty pounds at most(2)at least 30 minutes,3cut up把砍成碎片；使伤心；使难受He has to have his food cut up for him.他需要有人替他把食物切碎。He was badly cut up by the news of his sons death.得知儿子死讯，他极为悲痛。,知识拓展cut down 减少；砍倒cut away 切除；砍掉cut in 插嘴；打断cut off 中断(气、电、水等的)供应；切断；使隔绝cut out切掉
30、；删掉,活学活用(1)用适当的介词或副词填空You wont be cutting _ the office staff, then?The gas has been cut _ due to the earthquake.You can cut _ the last sentence of the paragraph.Mr Davis cut _ to ask if anyone would like a drink.The woman cut _ the watermelon and shared it out among the four children.答案：downoffoutin
31、up,(2)(2013陕西)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has _.Acut out Bcut downCcut up Dcut off答案：B本题考查动词短语语境运用。句意：我叔叔没能戒烟，但至少他减少了用量。A项“停止；剪下”；C项“切碎；使伤心”；D项“切断；断绝”，皆不合题意；B项“削减，减少；砍倒”，符合题意。故选B项。,1.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the col
32、d.因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。句中think后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构to assume.，assume后面又接了一个宾语从句。it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、ing分词结构或名词性从句。,It is difficult to translate this article.翻译这篇文章很难。What time would it be convenient for me to call you again?我几点再给你打电话合适？It is no use
33、 going there so early.这么早去那里没有用。It has been a great honour your coming to visit me.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。It is strange that we havent heard from him.真奇怪，我们一直没有收到他的信。,活学活用The doctor thought_would be good for you to have a holiday.Athis BthatCone Dit答案：D考查代词的用法。分析题干中宾语从句的结构可知，应该用it在从句中作形式主语，其真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。,2
34、It must have been very uncomfortable.那肯定是很不舒服的了。本句中must have done结构表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意思是“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。,知识拓展“情态动词have done”的其他常见结构：may/mighthave done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，把握性不大，意思是“或许做过某事”，还可表示“本可以做某事(而未做)”。He might not have heard of th
35、e news.他也许没有听说过这个消息。I might have taken another path.我本可以走另一条路的。,should/ought to have done表示“本该做某事(实际上却没有做)”。You should have finished your homework.你本该做完作业的。neednthave done表示“本不必做某事(实际上却做了)”。You neednt have told me the news. I have already known it.你本不必告诉我这个消息，我已经知道了。,couldhave done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，但比ma
36、y/mighthave done表示推测的把握性大，意为“可能做过某事”，又可表示“本能够做某事(实际上却没做)”，暗含一种惋惜之意。Where could she have gone?她可能到哪里去了呢？You could have done it well, but you were too careless.你本来可以做好，但是你太马虎了。,活学活用(1)(2013陕西)The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.Amust have
37、 got Bmust getCshould have got Dshould get答案：A本题考查情态动词。句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。根据下文可知此处是做了很有把握的肯定的推测，故用must；由would have been 可知是过去的事情，要表示对于过去的事情的推测要用情态动词have done的形式，故选A项。C项表示“本应该做某事(而没做)”。,(2)(2014浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ t
38、o our help.Awould have come Bcould comeChave come Dhad come答案：A本题考查虚拟语气。句意：我们实行调查时他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于 If they hadnt been abroad，叙述与过去事实相反，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might have done，故A项正确。,3We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests tha
39、t they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。本句的主句是We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，其中形容词短语almost six metres thick作后置定语，修饰ash。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句。have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。,We
40、 have been working on this project for over a month now.到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。,比较网站现在完成进行时和现在完成时现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：They have built a house.(完成)They have been building a house.(尚未完成)现在完成进行时是由“have/has beendoing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常
41、和他见面吗？,Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗？现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实),现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。Who has been eating these oranges?谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)Who has eaten these oranges
42、?谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩),如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。Why are you looking a bit tired?为什么你看来有点儿累？I have been cleaning the house.我一直在打扫房子。,活学活用(1)(2014湖南)Since the time humankind started gardening, we _to make our environment more beautiful.Atry Bhave been tryingCare trying Dwill try答案：B考查动词时态。根据sinc
43、e引导的时间状语从句可知所填词表示“从过去一直持续到现在的动作”，强调其持续性，应用现在完成进行时，故选B项。,(2)(2013福建)The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.Atook Bis takingCtakes Dhas been taking答案：D本题考查时态用法。由over the last three years可知应选D项。,4Our evidence suggests that they did wear clo
44、thes made from animal skins.我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮做成的衣服。(1)suggest在此作“暗示，表明”解，其后的从句要用陈述语气；suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should)动词原形”。The handwriting of the letter suggested that the letter was from a lady.从书信的字体看，写信人是一位女士。I suggested that we go for a walk after supper.我建议我们晚饭后散步。,知识拓展suggest有两个意思
45、：意为“提议，建议”，后接动词要用动名词形式；后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(“should动词原形”，should常省略)。Its noisy here. I suggest changing another hotel.这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once.我建议立即把这个男孩儿送往医院。,意为“表明，显示，暗示”，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。His expression suggests that he has got the job.他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。注意：后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气(should动词原形)的动词可记为：一个坚持：insist两个命令：command，order四个建议：advise，suggest，recommend，propose四个要求：ask，demand，request，require,
