1、Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsWarming Up & Reading,. 速记单词1. 音意记忆。(1) _ (n. )可能的选择 (adj. )供选择的; 其他的(2) _ (adj. )有观察力的; 敏锐的; 严重的; 深刻的(3) _ (n. )被子; 棉被(4) _ (adj. )足够的; 充足的; 富裕的(5) _ (adj. )原始的; 远古的; 简陋的,alternative,acute,quilt,ample,primitive,2. 形意记忆。(1)starvation (n. )挨饿; 饿死_ (v. )(使)挨饿(2)accuracy (n.
2、 )精确; 准确_ (adj. )精确的(3)_ (vt. 纷乱,starve,accurate,interrupt,assume,sharpen,sharp,mess,. 短语互译1. 带领某人参观_2. 把和比较 _3. 生火 _4. 至多; 最多 _5. 由制成 _6. scare away _7. keep out _8. cut up _,show sb. around,compare with,make fires,at most,be made of/from,吓跑,关在门外; 不准进入,切碎,. 完成句子1. 想必你们都清楚, 正是在这个地方我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早
3、人类的证据。You must be aware that _ _. (it is. . . that强调句型; who引导定语从句),its here that we found evidence of,some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world,2. 对不起, 打断了你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢? Im sorry _but how could they live here? (不定式作原因状语)3. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。We have bee
4、n excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which suggests that they _allwinter. (might have done表推测; keep +宾语+宾语补足语结构),to interrupt you,might have kept the fire burning,4. 我想它们剪裁并缝起来一定很重。Im sure _. (主语+be+形容词+不定式结构)5. 我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是兽皮制作的衣服。Our evidence suggests that they _. (did表强调),they wer
5、e quite heavy to cut and sew together,did wear clothes made from,animal skins,6. 很对, 植物学家分析结果明确告诉我们这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。Yes, indeed, _, all thefields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. (as引导非限制性定语从句),as the botanical analyses have shown us,. 语篇填空根据对文章的理解, 完成下表。,caves,warm,scare,sharpene
6、d,remove,scrapers,rubbing,needles,necklaces,traded,【读而后思】What will the group of students most probably do next? _,They will go into the caves to have a close look.,1. alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的; 其他的【语境领悟】Can you think of the alternatives we would use today? 你能想到我们今天可以利用的选择吗? You have the alternat
7、ive of riding or walking. 你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。The alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma. 去野餐或者去乘船旅游二者只能择一的计划使他们左右为难。,【归纳拓展】an alternative to. . . 的替代品have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做alternative energy 可替代能源She had no alternative but to ask for a few da
8、ys leave. 实在不得已, 她只好请几天假。,【即学活用】完成句子。Have you _ suggestion? 你有没有其他的建议? You _marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择。We _. 除了继续下去, 我们没有选择的余地。There is _. 除了战斗, 没有其他的办法。,got an alternative,have the alternative of,have no alternative but to go on,no alternative but to fight,2. starvation n
9、. 挨饿; 饿死【语境领悟】Did they suffer from cold, starvation or disease? 他们遭受过寒冷、饥饿或疾病的痛苦吗? 【归纳拓展】starve vt. 急需某物,She is starving herself to lose weight. 她正在为了减肥忍饥挨饿。Were it not for the money he lent me I could have been starved to death. 如果不是他借钱给我, 我可能就饿死了。They starve for the experience of practical work. 他
10、们迫切需要实际工作的经验。,【即学活用】完成句子。The old man was almost dying, terrified with darkness andloneliness. He really _love and care. (starve)这位老人已奄奄一息，恐惧地面对着黑暗与孤独。他十分渴望关爱。Millions of people _those days.(starvation)那些日子里，数以百万计的人死于饥饿。,starved for,died from starvation,3. interrupt vt. 暂时中断或中止【语境领悟】Im sorry to inter
11、rupt you but how could they live here? 对不起, 打断了你的讲话, 但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢? It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions. 不断提问、打断演讲者是不礼貌的。,【归纳拓展】(1)be interrupted by 被打断interrupt. . . with. . . 用打断(2)interruption n. 中断, 打断without interruption 不间断地She has kept up physical training for seve
12、ral years without interruption. 她坚持锻炼, 多年来从未间断。,【易混辨析】,【即学活用】用interrupt, disturb填空。Shes studying for an exam tomorrow, so youd better not _ her. The noise of the machine _ my sleep last night. Im sorry to _ you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital?,interrupt/disturb,disturbed,interrupt,4.
13、assume vt. 假定; 设想【语境领悟】So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒就住在这些洞穴里。I had assumed him to be a Belgian. 我本以为他是比利时人。,【归纳拓展】(1)assume sb. /sth. to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that. . . 被认为(2)assumption n. 假定; 假设make an assumption 认为, 假
14、定on the assumption that 假定(3)assuming that. . . 假设/假定,It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为, 紧张是工作过重所致。Assuming that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money? 假定这个建议被采纳, 我们什么时候能拿到钱? A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the
15、 Third World. 许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。,【即学活用】一句多译。You _ his innocence before hearing the evidence against him. =You _him _innocent before hearing the evidenceagainst him. =You _he is innocent before hearing the evidenceagainst him. 在听到对他不利的证词前, 你假定他是无罪的。,assume,assume,to be,assume that,完成句子。I _you always g
16、et up at the same time.我想你总是在同一时间起床。_, what should we do now?假定这是真的, 我们现在该怎么办?,assume that,Assuming that this is true,5. messy adj. 凌乱的; 脏的【语境领悟】Quite a difficult and messy task! 一份相当困难和脏乱的活! 【归纳拓展】(1)messn. 肮脏; 杂乱; 麻烦, 困境in a mess 杂乱; 处于困境make a mess 弄乱; 弄糟(2)mess v. 使不整洁; 弄脏, 弄乱mess up 把弄脏, 弄乱,Thi
17、s illness makes a mess of my holiday plans. 这场病把我的假期计划给打乱了。He got another chance and didnt want to mess up again. 他又获得了一次机会, 这次他再也不愿意把事情弄糟了。,【即学活用】一句多译。On rainy days the children really _ _ the house. =On rainy days the children really _ _ _ _ thehouse. 下雨天孩子们把屋子里弄得乱七八糟的。,mess,up,make,a,mess,of,6. r
18、egardless of 不管; 不顾【语境领悟】All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value. 我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝不管它们的价值如何。He went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety. 他为了抢救落水儿童, 把个人安危置之度外。,【即学活用】同义句转换。This special school accepts all disabled students，_educational level and background
19、. This special school accepts all disabled students, _educational level and background.,regardless of,in spite of,7. at most 至多; 最多【语境领悟】Its at most three centimetres long. 它最多有三厘米长。It will take two hours at most to get there. 最多两小时便可到达那里。,【名师点津】at most也可写成at the most, 其反义词组为at (the) least。,【即学活用】完成
20、句子。The trip will only _. 这次旅行最多只会花去你50英镑。It will take you _. (least)到那里你至少要花20分钟。,cost you fifty pounds at most,at least 20 minutes to get there,8. cut up切碎【语境领悟】It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. 看样子他们用磨尖的石器切割野兽并剥皮。,【归纳拓展】cut down砍掉, 砍倒; 缩减, 减
21、少, 削减cut across 抄近路穿过cut out 剪下, 切掉, 割掉; 删除cut in 插嘴, 插入; 打断(谈话)cut off 切掉; 割掉; 剪下, 删去; 切断, 断绝,He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood. 他把树砍倒, 并把它劈成烧火用的小块。Dont cut in when someone else is talking. 别人讲话时, 不要插嘴。Cut out the paragraph unnecessary for the essay. 删掉论文中不必要的段落。After his wife died, h
22、e cut himself off completely from the rest of the world. 妻子去世后, 他彻底与外界隔绝了。,【即学活用】用适当的介、副词填空。You wont be cutting _ the office staff, then? The gas has been cut _ due to the earthquake. You can cut _ the last sentence of the paragraph. Mr Davis cut _ to ask if anyone would like a drink. The woman cut
23、_ the watermelon and shared it out amongthe four children.,down,off,out,in,up,9. Im sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together. 我想它们剪裁并缝起来一定很重。【句式分析】主语+be+ adj. +不定式结构中, 不定式经常用主动形式, 且与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。,【名师点津】当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词时, 应在其后加上相应的介词。The man
24、 is hard to work with. 这个人很难共事。,【想一想】本句中不定式运用了主动形式表示被动含义, 在哪些情况下我们用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义? 【参考答案】不定式的主动形式表被动含义(1)当动词不定式用作定语时, 与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 且句子的主语为该动作的执行者时, 常用主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。,(2)在with+宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 不定式与宾语之间存在动宾关系, 且句子的主语为该动作的执行者时, 常用主动形式表示被动含义。With too many problem
25、s to settle, he spares no time for a holiday. 有许多的问题要解决, 他没有时间去度假。(3)当作宾语补足语的形容词后的动词不定式与宾语构成动宾关系时, 该动词不定式一般也用主动形式。I find the work hard to do. 我发觉这项工作很难做。,(4)在be to blame, be to rent结构中常用主动形式。The driver is to blame for the accident. 司机应为这次事故负责。,【即学活用】完成句子。This machine is very easy _. Anybody can lear
26、n touse it in a few minutes. (operate)这台机器很容易操作，任何人在几分钟之内都能学会使用它。Who do you think is _the accident? (blame)你认为谁该为这次事故负责？,to operate,to blame for,1. sharpen vt. 清晰【语境领悟】A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well. 工欲善其事, 必先利其器。How long do you think it takes to sharpen those things?
27、你知道把那些东西削尖要花多长时间吗?,【归纳拓展】sharp adj. 锋利的; 尖的; 急剧的; 尖酸的 adv. 整sharpener n. 磨具; 削具,【即学活用】用sharp, sharpen, sharpener填空。If your knife isnt _, you need a knife _ to_it. 完成句子。The problem with pencils is that you always have to _. (sharpen)使用铅笔太麻烦, 你总得要削铅笔。There _in profits this year. (decline)今年的利润大幅度下降。,s
28、harp,sharpener,sharpen,sharpen,them,has been a sharp decline,2. keep out 使不进入; 使置身于之外【语境领悟】We have screens on our windows to keep out the flies. 我们窗户上有纱窗以挡苍蝇。,【归纳拓展】keep away使离开keep back隐瞒; 阻止; 扣下; 留下keep off避开, 不接近keep on继续; 保持keep up继续; 坚持; 维持keep to 坚持; 遵守,In vain I tried to keep back my tears. 我
29、怎么也忍不住我的眼泪。I could finish my work in time if you did not keep on disturbing me. 如果你不总是打扰我的话, 我就可以按时完成我的工作。,【即学活用】完成句子。Generally, a common umbrella could help people _wind and rain. (keep)一般来说，普通的伞能帮人们遮风挡雨。If he _the speed limits, he wont be fined. (keep)如果他遵守限速规定的话，他就不会被罚款了。,keep out,keeps to,3. Our
30、 evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. 我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。【句式分析】(1)本句是一个主从复合句。(2)that引导一个宾语从句。,(3)did强调从句的谓语动词wear。Xi Jinpings report at BOAO Forum For Asia did impress the audience present at the meeting a lot. 习近平在博鳌亚洲论坛上的演讲的确给参加会议的听众留下了很深的印象。(4)made from animal
31、skins是过去分词在句中作定语, 修饰clothes。,【即学活用】完成句子。You cannot accept an opinion _unless it isbased on facts. (offer)你不能接受提供给你的某个观点，除非其基于事实。After completing and signing it, please return the form to us _. (provide)填完并签名后，请将表格装在提供的信封里返还给我们。,offered to you,in the envelope provided,. 单词拼写1. The kitchens always so
32、_(混乱的)after weve had guests. Give me a hand to do it over, will you? 2. Be quiet! It is not polite to _(打断)people when theyare talking. 3. We must make a careful _(分析)on the problem andthen make a decision. 4. If payment is not received within five days, legal action willbe our only _(可能的选择).,messy,
33、interrupt,analysis,alternative,5. She used to suffer from _(饥饿)but now she is _(急于)herself to try to lose weight. 6. _(如果)that we are capable of making our own happiness, how can a manager help things along? 7. Please come out with your _(试探性的)ideas at the meeting. 8. He hits the ball with great _(精
34、确).,starvation,starving,Assuming,tentative,accuracy,.完成句子1. We _but to fire him. (alternative)我们别无他法，只能辞退他。2. Sorry _，but there is someone to see you. (interrupt)对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。3. The knife doesnt cut well; it needs _. (sharpen)这把刀子不锋利了，需要磨一磨了。,had no alternative,to interrupt,sharpening/to be,sharpen
35、ed,4. Ill take the job _. (regardless)不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。5. Were doing all our business planning _theeconomic situation of 2015 stays as tough as it is right now.(assume)我们现在正在做的商业规划是在假设2015年的经济形势与现在一样严峻。6. The weather forecast turned out _. (accurate)天气预报果然灵验。,regardless of the pay,assuming that,to be a
36、ccurate,7. _the carrots before you put them into the pot. (cut)把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。 8. If you have a job, _and youll succeed.(devote)如果你得到一份工作，一定要尽力去做，然后你就会成功。9. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is verycomfortable _. (sit)这把椅子看上去很硬， 事实上坐上去很舒服。10. He did not seem _with the years. (ripen)随着年龄的增长,
37、他看起来并没有变得老练。,Cut up,do devote yourself to it,to sit on,to ripen,. 多项选择1. If you dont like the school lunch, you have the_of bringing your own. A. alternativeB. choiceC. selectionD. election【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐, 你可以自己带饭。alternative表示“(在两者中)可供选择的事物”。,【变式训练】More attention is to be paid to
38、energy exploration to find_ energy. A. traditional B. alternativeC. available D. inexpensive【解析】选B。考查形容词。句意: 为了找到可替代能源, 人们将投入更多的精力进行能源勘探。alternative energy“可替代能源”。,2. The workmen made such a _ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards. A. troubleB. damageC. messD. nuisance【解析】选
39、C。考查短语搭配。make a mess“把弄得乱七八糟”。句意: 工人们弄得乱七八糟, 后来沃克夫人不得不花三天的时间来清理。,3. _ that his family had been killed during an air-raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away. A. Supposed B. AssumingC. Providing D. Imagined【解析】选B。句意: 汉斯以为他家人在一次空袭中被炸死了, 就在五十英里外的一个小村里定居下来。assume表示“假定; 假设; 认为”。,4. We freely
40、 exchange opinions and ideas around here, _ rank relationship. A. according to B. regardless ofC. in addition to D. in terms of【解析】选B。句意: 我们在这里可以自由地交换观点和想法, 不用考虑上下级关系。regardless of表示“不管; 不顾; 不理会”。,【变式训练】_ what happens in the outside world, fill your inside world with peace, love and joy. A. Instead
41、of B. In addition toC. Regardless of D. According to【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 不管外边的世界发生什么, 用平静、爱和快乐填充你的内心世界。regardless of意为“不管, 不顾”。instead of代替, 而不是; in addition to除之外(还有); according to根据, 按照。,5. I want to make meatballs. Would you please give me a hand to _ the meat? A. cut downB. cut offC. cut inD. cut up【解析】选D。考查动词词组辨析。句意: 我想做肉丸子。你能帮我把肉切碎了吗? cut down砍倒; cut off切断电源等; cut in插话; cut up切碎。,6. They wrapped blankets around children to _ the cold. A. keep outB. give outC. take outD. break out【解析】选A。考查动词词组辨析。句意: 他们用毯子包裹孩子来御寒。keep out使不进入; give out用完, 分发; take out取出; break out爆发。,
