1、宾语从句和表语从句,宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。,了解宾语从句,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hear
2、 (that) _. （一小时后他会回来）He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,在以下情况下，that不能省略。（4） Everybody could see _所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 (and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。（5）I know nothi
3、ng about him except_对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。),what happened and that Tom was frightened,that he is from the south.,（6）_I simply dont believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)（7）We decided, in view of his special circumstances,_.鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定允许他离开。,That he ever said such a
4、 thing,that we would permit him to leave.,主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,whose handwriting was the best in the class,whom they are waiting for,who could answer the question,which one is smaller, the earth or the moon?,6. Please tel
5、l me _. （我们什么时候开会）7. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿）8. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站）9. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）,why the train is late,how I can get to the station,where he is,when well have a meeting,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句,1.Lily wanted to know if /whether _.(她母亲是否喜欢这个提包。)2.Lets see if /whether_(我
6、们是否能够找出关于这个城市的资料。)3.She asked me if /whether _（她是否能够借到这些书籍。）,her grandma liked the handbag .,we can find out some information about that city .,she could borrow these books .,当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,If 和 whether的区别。Whether 后能跟 or not, if 不行。Id like t
7、o know whether he will come or not. Whether 后能加 to do, if 不行。He doesnt know whether to work or play. 在介词后只能用whether不能用if.He is trying to find out whether the medicine works,表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。,一些引导词的用法（一）,that在表语从句中 ,又 。The fact is that he hasnt yet recover fr
8、om illness. The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.,既不充当成分 没有意义,比较在定语从句中的用法。There are some films that Id like to see.She is the only one among us that knows French.结论:that 在引导定语从句时,指事物,也可指人, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。,这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。,一些引导词的用法（二）,What 在表语从句中充当 表示 .1. The que
9、stion is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be .3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.,主语、宾语或表语,什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）,另： what 不引导定语从句,一些引导词的用法（三）,Which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_ 表示 。如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which
10、(book) it is.,比较在定语从句中的用法。China is a country which has a history of 2000 years.A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.,定语,表语,其中哪一个,结论: which在引导定语从句时,指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略,一些引导词的用法（四）,当主句的主语为reason,或者是why由引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句_,而不能由_ 引导; because 引导表语从句时只能用于_ 句型中.如: The reason why I wa
11、s late was that I missed the train. I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.,that来引导,because,It/That/This is /was because,一些引导词的用法（五）,whether在表语从句中表 ,但不充当句子的成分。if 引导表语从句.如: What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon,“是否”,不能,Li Lei is
12、 now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.It looks as if it might rain.The clouds are gathering.it looks as if it is going to rain.,一些引导词的用法（六）,由as if ,as though引导表语从句时要注意语态.
13、若从句表示与现在事实相反,谓动用 ,与过去事实相反用 或表示将来的可能性不大，则用 .,一般过去式（be用were）,had+p.p.,Would(might,could)+v原,探究案,Task 1 单句改错1. I wonder how we shall do next.2. Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?3. My suggestion is the government should cut off the production of cigarettes. 4. The question is if she is w
14、illing to marry you. 5. We believe that they have finished their task ahead of time, dont we?,howwhat,are theythey are,在is后加that,if whether,dont we havent they,6. So frightened I was that I hid myself under the bed. 7. The reason why he was killed was because he had a lot of money. 8. The talk that
15、the professor gives is so bored that no one likes to pay attention to it.,I was was I,becausethat,bored boring,Task 21. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.A. that B. what C. that that D. what what2.Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you t
16、hat she loves?A. who B. which C. that D. what3. Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat.A. who B. which C. that D. what4. I think, though I could be mistaken, _ she liked me.A. who B. which C. that D. what,D,C,C,C,5. Patience is a kind of quality and that is _ _ it takes to
17、 do anything well.A. what B. which C. whichD. how6. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_ I was last night.”A. That B. When C. Where D. What7. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities.A. that B. why C. where D. what8. _ she couldnt under
18、stand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,A.,C,D,A.,9. People have heard _ the President has said; they are waiting to see _ he will do.how, howB. what, whatC. when, how D. that, what11.When you answer questions in a job
19、interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 12I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is that_ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A. why B .what C. when D. where,B.,A.,A.,13 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrel
20、la _I got wet through.（1998上海）Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how14. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.（06全国）A. when B. which C. where D. what15. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?(2003北京春) -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B.
21、 whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited16. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（2004湖北）the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,B,D,A.,A.,用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子我们觉得他不帮助她是不对的。We think it wrong that he didnt help her.你们取得了很快的进步，我很满意。她
22、记起了她把伞忘在图书馆了。很抱歉，我想我并不认识你。他说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。,He said that the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.,Im satisfied that youve made rapid progress.,She remembered that she had left her umbrella in the library.,Im sorry, but I dont think I know you.,.His suggestion is that no one
23、be allowed to smoke in the office.,我们正在讨论这是你该不该做。医生的忠告是你不该再吸烟了。他们看上去这样苍老，那是因为他们曾经辛辛苦苦地劳动了。他的苦恼是他不知道怎样来改进教学工作。他的建议是办公室内不允许抽烟。,we are talking about whether you should do it.,The doctors advice is that you should not smoke any more.,They looked so old. Thats because they had worked hard for ten years,H
24、er trouble is that she doesnt know how to improve her teaching work.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Part
25、y since 1948. (be)He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were do
26、ing,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Ca
27、n you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,将下列句子合并为一句:1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come
28、back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doin
29、g his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,
