1、Unit 1Cultural relics Learning about Language限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,【探究寻规】用关系词(which/whom/when/where)完成下列句子，并观察总结各句的句子结构特点。This gift was the Amber Room, _was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber _was selected had a beautiful yellow- browncolour like honey.,which,wh
2、ich,It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, _took the countrys best artists about ten years to make. Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg _she spent her summers. This was a time _the two countries were at war. There is no doubt that the boxes wer
3、e then put on a train for Knigsberg, _was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 总结：为_定语从句，与先行词之间无逗号； 为_定语从句，与先行词之间有逗号。,which,where,when,which,限制性,非限制性,【语法精点】 一、基础点拨 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：,The girl who likes beautiful clothes and taking photos works hard to get a well-paid job. (who引导的限制性定语从句)
4、这位喜欢漂亮衣服且喜欢照相的女孩为得到一份报酬很好的工作而努力着。 The three firefighters, who went missing when they were trying to put out the flames, were later found by rescuers. (who引导的非限制性定语从句) 三位消防员在努力扑灭火时失踪了, 后来他们被救助者找到了。,The reader wanted to buy the book which is written by Mo Yan. (which引导的限制性定语从句) 这位读者想买由莫言写的那本书。 The dri
5、ver has stopped his car at the traffic light, which is yellow now. (which引导的非限制性定语从句) 司机把车停在了交通灯处, 现在灯变黄了。 Taobao is a website where you can buy what you want at a good price. (where引导的限制性定语从句) 淘宝是一个你能以一个合理的价格买到你想要的东西的网站。,There are many high buildings along the river, where there used to stand rows
6、of trees. (where引导的非限制性定语从句) 沿河有很多的高楼, 过去这儿是成排的树。,【名师点津】(1)which引导非限制性定语从句时不置于句首。(2)在非限制性定语从句中, 关系代词不能省略, 关系代词指人时, 只能用whom, 不能用who。(3)关系副词where, when及why可以转换成相应的介词+which。The old woman was looking for someone, whom she could ask for help. (whom引导的非限制性定语从句) 这位老妇人正在寻找一个人, 一个能帮助她的人。,二、难点突破1. 关系副词why不能引导
7、非限制性定语从句, 但可用for which代替why来引导。 He didnt tell us the reason, for which he went abroad without telling anybody. (for which此处代替why) 他没有告诉我们理由, 为什么在没有告诉任何人的情况下就去了国外。,2. 非限制性定语从句由“介词十关系代词”引导时, 其中的关系代词用which或whom。 Seven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of whom were badly
8、injured at the scene. (whom引导定语从句作介词of的宾语) 七人被困在星期五发生的大火里, 其中四人当场严重受伤。 They have four children, the daughter of whom is working in that big company now. (whom引导定语从句作介词of的宾语) 他们有四个孩子, 他们的女儿现在在那家大公司上班。,They have bought an apartment recently, two rooms of which face south. (which引导定语从句作介词of的宾语) 最近他们买了一
9、套公寓, 公寓的两个房间朝南。,3. as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,As we all know, the situation of the country is changing. (as引导的非限制性定语从句) 众所周知, 这个国家的形势在发生变化。 His success has hit the whole country, which his family members are proud of. (which引导的非限制性定语从句) 他的成功轰动全国, 他的家人以此为傲。,【名师点津】关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时通常用于结构the same . . . as.
10、 . . 及such. . . as. . .,He has got such a good chance as everyone else wants. (such . . . as. . . , as引导限制性定语从句) 他得到了一个其他人都想要的好机会。,【想一想】分析思考下列句子并总结句子结构。As is known to us all, China has many places of interest. It is known to us all that China has many places of interest. What is known to us all is t
11、hat China has many places of interest.,【参考答案】句含有非限制性定语从句, as为关系代词, 指代整个主句的内容。从句用逗号与主句隔开, 即As . . . , +主句。句含有that引导的主语从句, it为形式主语, 即It is. . . + that. . . 。句含有what引导的主语从句及that引导的表语从句, 即What从句+is + that从句。,【高考体验】限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句做题规则: 1. 分析句式结构, 明确限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别; 2. 明确从句的先行词及从句中所缺少的成分; 3. 明确选项中引导词
12、在从句中所充当的成分; 4. 确定所选择的引导词。,1. (2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which解题关键: 明确前后句之间的关系。思路分析: 选D。考查定语从句。句意：2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话的内容，关系代词which在从
13、句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,2. (2013山东高考)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where解题关键: 明确as作连接词时的基本用法。思路分析: 选A。考查定语从句。句意：没有一个简单的答案，这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，代替前面的情况，意为“正如，正像”。,3. (2012陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surp
14、rised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what解题关键:弄明白定语从句的先行词是前面整句话。思路分析: 选C。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们大家都很惊讶。分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，排除A项和D项(that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what只能引导名词性从句)；又因为定语从句中缺主语，所以排除B项；C项which可引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容，翻译为“这，这一点”。所以C项符合题意。,4. (2011全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and
15、 a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which解题关键:正确理解“Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt”的意义及其在整个句中的作用。思路分析:选D。句意：泰德仅穿着短裤和T恤衫来度周末，在这样的天气里这样做是一件愚蠢的事。由句式结构可知，该从句为非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词为主句表达的内容。选项D. which可引导限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。,
16、【易错误区】选项A. this为指示代词，在句中可作主语、宾语及表语，但是不能引导从句。选项B. that可引导限制性定语从句，但是不能引导非限制性定语从句。,5. (2011四川高考)The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where解题关键:对名词“the school shop”和“customers”之间的关系的正确理解。思路分析:选B。句意：学校商店在假期期间关门，(因为)它的主要顾客是学生。先行词为the sc
17、hool shop, 与customers之间为所属关系, whose在从句中作定语修饰customers，故选B。,. 句型转换1. There lives an old man near the school, the son of whom is working abroad. There lives an old man near the school, _is working abroad. There lives an old man near the school, _is working abroad. 2. This is the house where they spent
18、 their childhood. This is the house _they spent their childhood.,of whom the son,whose son,in which,3. That tree, whose branches are almost bare, is very old. That tree, _are almost bare, is very old. That tree, _are almost bare, is very old. 4. He didnt give us the reason why he was absent from the
19、 meeting. He didnt give us the reason _he was absent from the meeting.,of which the branches,the branches of which,for which,5. Ill never forget the day when we had class together. Ill never forget the day _we had class together. 6. As was expected, the project went on well. _expected _the project w
20、ent on well. _was expected _the project went on well.,on which,It was,that,What,was that,. 用恰当的关系词填空1. Today is Stephen Hawkings 70th birthday, _is one of the most famous scientists in the world. 2. He got a good job on April 1st by accident _he relaxed himself in a place of interest. 3. They came t
21、o a farm house, in front of _sat a little boy. 4. _he had hoped, his father sent him abroad to study. 5. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.,who,when,which,As,where,6. That is the house in _I once lived. 7. He made many new friends during his las
22、t holiday in Shanghai, most of _are white collars (白领)in big companies. 8. The air in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.,which,whom,as,. 用定语从句完成句子1. lot of language learning, _, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their childr
23、en during that period. (discover)正如已经发现的那样，大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年，所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。2. Now old Mike lives in the house _. (bear)现在老迈克住在他出生的房子里。,as has been discovered,where he was born,3. He has visited many countries in Africa, _. (of)他参观过非洲很多国家，其中最大的国家是埃及。4. The village is no longer the one _. (that)这个
24、村子已不是五年前的那个村子了。5. The village is home to nearly 1, 000 people, _for a better life in big cities. (leave)这个村里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人已离开这儿去大城市追求更好的生活。,of which the largest,one is Egypt,that it was 5 years ago,many of whom,have left it,6. They have moved into their new apartment, _. (paint)他们已搬进了他们的新公寓，公寓的
25、房间被漆成了粉色。7. He has told us the reason _last night. (attend)他已告诉了我们昨晚他没有参加宴会的原因。8. Last night they had a discussion about the plan _next year. (carry)昨晚他们就下一年即将推行的计划进行了讨论。,whose rooms,were painted pink,why he didnt attend the party,which will,be carried out,9. We are living in an age _without meeting
26、 them face to face. (talk)我们生活在一个这样的时代， 不用面对面就可以和朋友们交谈。10. The workers are washing the windows now, _for a long time. (wash)现在工人们正在清洗窗子，其中很多窗子有很长时间没有清洗了。,when we can talk with our friends,most of which,havent been washed,11. They traveled to a farmhouse, _. (stand)他们来到一间农舍前，门前有一棵大树。12. She is such a
27、 lovely girl _. (like)她是一个可爱的女孩，她所有的朋友都喜欢她。13. Jenny gave me some advice _. (helpful) 詹妮给我提了一些非常有帮助的建议。,in front of which stands a,big tree,as all her friends like,which was very helpful,14. They live in the same neighbourhood _. (as)他们和他们的朋友一样居住在同一个街区。15. The hotel, _last year, stands near the sea.
28、 (spend)这座宾馆矗立在海边，去年他在这里度过假。16. The two athletes _are talking with each other happily together now. (take)参加赛跑比赛的两个运动员现在正高兴地在一起交谈。,as their friends do,where he spent his holiday,who have taken part in a racing game,17. He is on the way to becoming a doctor, _of in the past twenty years. (dream)他即将成为
29、医生，这是在过去二十年里他一直梦想的职业。18. His father is a doctor, _in the future. (which)他的父亲是位医生，将来他也想成为医生。,which he has been,dreaming,which he wants to be,19. Life is like a race, _to reach the destination. (work)生活像是一场赛跑，在这场赛跑里每一个人为了到达目的地都需要努力。20. Xinjiang is in the northwest of China, _. (where)新疆在中国的西北，冰雪节在那里举行。,where everyone needs to work hard,where Ice and Snow,Festival is held,
