1、Unit 4 Astronomy： The science of the stars,1._ n.天文学家2._ pron，n.& adj. 十亿3._ adj.猛烈的，强暴的4._ n.大气层；气氛5._ n.恐龙6._ adv.因此；于是,astronomer,billion,violent,atmosphere,dinosaur,thus,7._ n.卫星；人造卫星8._ n.气候9._ n.宇宙飞船10._ v.减少，减轻11.religion n. _12.theory n. _13.globe n. _,球体；地球仪；地球,satellite,climate,spaceship,l
2、essen,宗教，宗教信仰,学说，理论,14.fundamental adj. _15.multiply v. _16.oxygen n. _17.gravity n. _18.extinct adj. _19.crash v. _20.cabin n. _,小屋；船舱,基本的；基础的,乘；增加,氧气,万有引力；重力,灭绝的；绝种的,碰撞；坠落,_n.猛烈，暴力(行为)_adv. 猛烈地, His heart beats _(violent). Not a few _(violence) scenes were cut from the film before it came to show.
3、,1.violent adj.猛烈的，激烈的，强暴的,violence,violently,violently,violent,2.unlike prep.不像，和不同,_prep.像，如同 _adj.可能的 _adj.不太可能的 _adj.相似的，同样的,alike,like,likely,unlikely, A sister is a friend _(like) any other.In someway，shes like a mother.She listens to your problems and gives good advice. He likes cats but _ (l
4、ike) dogs.,unlike,dislikes,_adj.目前的，出席的v.赠送 _n.介绍，呈现，演出 _反义 n.缺席,3.presence n. 出席；到场；存在,absence,present,presentation, Everyone _(presence) at the meeting was pleased at the _ (present) of the general manager. With lots of problems unsettled，they are very busy _ present.,present,presence,at,_n.& v. 伤
5、害，损害 _adj.无害的，无恶意的 _搭配对有害的 _搭配损害,伤害某人_反义 adj.有益的,4.harmful adj. 有害的,beneficial,harm,harmless,be harmful to,do sb.harm/do harm to sb,As we all know，smoking is _ (harm) to our health. Thats to say，it does harm _our health. Therefore，we shouldnt smoke but to do something that is _ (harm) to our health.
6、,harmless,harmful,to,5.develop vt.发展，发达，开发 vi.发展，生长,_n.发展，进展，开发 _adj.发展中的 _adj.发达的 _搭配随着的发展,as . develop/with the development of.,development,developing,developed, As the industry develops，the _ (develop) countries are surprised at the quick _ (develop)of the developed countries. _ _(随着经济的发展)，people
7、 are leading a better and better life.,With the development of economy/As economy develops,developing,development,6.reaction n.反应，回应,_vi.起反应，起作用，有影响 _搭配对反应,react,react to., All her friends were quick to react to her sudden change while her parents showed no _.(react) How did he react _ the news that
8、 their team won?,to,reaction,1. 及时;终于 _2. 轮到某人;接着 _3. 阻止;制止 _4. 感到高兴;感到兴奋 _5. 既然 _6. 爆发;突发 _7. 密切注视;当心;提防 _,watch out,in time,in ones turn,prevent .from (doing).,cheer up,now that,break out,8. 依赖；依靠 _9. 四面八方 _10. 摔倒；跌倒 _11.lay eggs _12.give birth to _13.block out _14 get the hang of _15.cool down _,
9、冷却下来,depend on,in all directions,fall over,下蛋,产生，分娩,挡住(光线),掌握，熟悉；理解,1.One day，when a big fire _ (发生) in a tall building，people living there lost their heads and ran _ (四方奔逃).2.Some of them_ (不当心)for the stairs and even _ (摔倒).3.Luckily，the firemen arrived_ (及时) and tried their best to save the peopl
10、e.,in time,broke out,in all directions,didnt watch out,fell over,4.They _(使人们冷静下来) and soon _(熟悉,弄清)the situation.5. _(依靠,凭借)their fire control knowledge，the firemen quickly _(阻止了火势的蔓延).6.Then，they _ (接着) to save the people who were trapped in the big fire.,were in their turn,cooled the people down,
11、got the hang of,Depending on,the fire from spreading,prevented,7. _(由于)their help，the fire _ (没有伤害到)the people.8.Even those who are going to _ (产生,分娩)a baby didnt get burnt.9._ (既然) nobody was badly hurt in the fire，people began to_ (感到振奋)a bit.,cheer up,As a result of,did no harm to,give birth to,N
12、ow that,No one knows exactly how the earth began. However，according to a widely accepted theory，it began 1 _ a “Big Bang”.Then the earth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases，2_ (make)the earths atmosphere. And then as the earth cooled down，water appeared and stayed 3 _ the surface
13、.,with,making,on,It was the presence of water 4 _ allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas,5_ made it possible for life to develop.And the 6_ (appear) of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.,appearance,that,which,Next
14、，green plants began to grow on land. 7 _ were followed by land animals. Later，reptiles appeared for the first time，after which dinosaurs developed. 8 _，they suddenly disappeared. Therefore，mammals rose on the earth.Finally，humans appeared and spread all over the earth.,They,However,However，they are
15、putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，making the earth too hot to live on. So 9 _ life will continue on the earth will depend on whether this problem can 10 _(solve).,whether,be solved,1. _ you have done might do harm to other people.2. _ the manager will attend the meeting tomorrow is
16、 not known.3. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.,What,Whether,What,4.It is a fact _ English is accepted as an international language.5.Parents should know_important education is to their childrens future.,how,that,1.exist vi存在；生存，生活，继续存在,派生：existence n.存在 existent adj.存在的,exist in 存在
17、于中exist on=live on 靠生活exist as 作为而存在，以形态存在, They cannot exist _ the money hes earning. Matter can exist _ a solid，liquid，or gas. We cant exist without water.That means our _ (exist) depends on water.,运用：用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。,existence,on,as,be puzzled by被迷惑be in a puzzle(about)(对)不知如何是好be a puzzle to
18、 sb对某人来说是个谜,2.puzzle n.迷；难题 v.(使)迷惑；(使)为难,派生：puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 puzzled adj.(人感到)困惑的, Her decision was a puzzle _ him. His recent behavior _ (使我迷惑不解). His answer sounds _(puzzle) and we are all_ (puzzle).,运用：用适当的词填空或根据提示完成句子。,puzzled,to,puzzles me,puzzling,1.in time迟早(sooner or later)，最后(eventually
19、)；及时(=early or soon enough), 他应当可以及时到达那里。You should be able to _. 总有一天我会遇见她。Ill _.,运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,see her in time,get there in time, 她生了双胞胎。She _ last night. 这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新一部小说的诞生。The extraordinary experience_ .,2.give birth to vt.产生，分娩，引起，造成,运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,to his latest novel,gave birth to twin
20、s,gave birth,用法：在主动语态的句子中，stop和 prevent后的from可省略，但keep后的from不能省略；在被动语态中，此三个短语的from 均不可省略。,3.prevent/stop/keep.from阻止；制止, 雨使我们不能踢足球了。The rain_. 人们采取行动，防止了环境的恶化。People took measures and thus _.,运用：根据汉语提示完成句子。,environment from getting worse,prevented us from playing football,prevented the,4.cheer up(使)
21、高兴起来，振奋起来, 这消息使他高兴起来。The news_. 振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。_! Our troubles will soon be over.,运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,Cheer up,cheered him up, 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。_，you should not rely on your parents. 既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。You ought to have a good rest_ .,5.now that 由于，既然(=since),运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,youve finished the wor
22、k,Now that you grow up,now that, 夜间突然发生了火灾。A fire _ during the night. 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。World War II _.,6.break out (战争、火灾等不愉快之事) 突然发生，爆发,运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,broke out in 1939,broke out, 当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。 _! Dont dirty the paper on the desk. 我们必须小心公共汽车上的小偷。We must _ the thieves on the bus.,7.watch out 注意，当
23、心(单独用于祈使句) watch out for 密切注意，留意；提防,运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,watch out for,Watch out,1.原句：It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.(L18，P26)水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。,句型：It is obvious that. 显然, 很显然他得了重感冒。 _he is suffering from a bad cold. 显然老师已经原谅了他所做的一切。 _
24、the teacher has forgiven him for what he has done. 很明显他昨天没有说实话。_yesterday.,仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。,It was obvious that he didnt tell the truth,It is obvious that,It is obvious that,2.原句： This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.(L25，P26.)这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。,句型：make it+
25、adj.+for sb.to do使某人做某事,说明：it是形式宾语，for sb.to do是真正的宾语。, 因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间从其他国家获得更多的信息。The Internet has _ from other countries in much less time. 这本书使我学习英语容易多了。The book_ English. 这场雨使我们走远路很困难。The rain _ long distances.,仿写：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。,made it difficult for us to walk,made it possible for us to get mo
26、re,makes it easy for me to learn,information,3.原句：When we get closer to the moon，we shall feel its gravity pulling us，but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(L1，P31),句型：not as/so. as. 不如/不像, 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。This dictionary is_ . 他不像看上去那样老。_he look
27、s. 根据调查，大部分女生不像男生一样对足球感兴趣。According to the survey，_.,仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。,interested in football as boys are,not as/so useful as you think,He isnt as old as,most girls are not as,一、完形填空本文主要介绍美国宇航局在1978年开始培训女性宇航员，以及Judy Resnick 和 Christa McAuliffe两位女性宇航员的一些情况和他们在1984年入选参加太空旅行的过程。1.A。由下文and in the end.可知。2.
28、D。由下文against having women in space 可知，不少人抵制，反抗妇女参加到太空探索队伍当中。,3.C。由上文some people against having women in space 到后来的In 1978，NASA began the first training programme for women astronauts可以得知妇女成功地加入到了这一行列中。4.A。. were both astronauts and they were both women，but.之前讲的是相同点，but转折之后当然是different,5.B。 从上文的 the
29、first group of women 当中挑选人来进行培训。6.C。由下文的his whole life和她后来的事业可知，她的工作是全职的。7.D。固定搭配 devote ones life to .8.B。由下文可知，她是一名老师，没有刻意要去当航天员，航天局在找合适的教师陪同航天员进入太空时，她有幸被选中了。,9.B。由句意可知，教师是陪同航天员进入太空。10.A。由上文的encourage every one of them 以及我们的生活常识，政府部门意图使更多的年轻学生对航天事业感兴趣。11.C。能从那么多应聘者当中脱颖而出，她当然是”gifted”12.D。应聘者,13.B。
30、由前文的They hoped that she would be able to communicate with students.可知。14.C。同上一题的语句当中找答案。15.A。由上文的to go on flight STS-51-L得知，她们是在进行太空飞行。,二、语法填空本文主要讲述了古代和现代一些考试方式的变化和发展。31.of。“由组成”用consist of。32.working。students与work构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。33.however/nevertheless。这一段与上一段是转折关系。,34.where。引导表地点的定语从句，相当于in the w
31、ritten examination。35.until。表示“直到才”应填until。36.existence。come into后接名词。37.timed。此空应与下空联系起来，看结构此空与watched并列，故用过去分词作定语，且表被动。,38.appears。此空是谓语动词，主语是A room full of candidates for a state examination，根据前后时态，应用一般现在时。39.intended。be intended to do 表示“旨在”或 “主要用来”之意。40.an。泛指一份客观题试题。,三、阅读理解本文是篇关于签名与责任的议论文。介绍了一些
32、人对于签名的不同观点与态度，以及签名的意义之所在。71.D。推理判断题。根据第一段 “ writers are held responsible for what thet say 可知。72.B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知。作者没有留下签名等于告诉我们编辑，他们太不严肃，因此不值得回复。,73.B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知。匿名的人有很多原因，一是不愿公众所知，成为新闻。二是担心会导致后果，三是不公布罪犯名字有利于案件调查等。74.C。主旨大意题。整篇文章谈论的都是签名与责任的问题。,75.D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段It is a matter of responsibility to use it表面如何你签了名字，就意味着你要负责。,Thank you !,
