1、Unit 1,Section Learning about Language,课前新知预习,.单词拼写1They thought he had escaped through a specially _(建造) tunnel.2I believe that each of us can _ to the future of the world.3The _(烟火) exploded in a shower of sparks.4These two accidents are closely _(连接) together.5The old man was laid up with a _ str
2、oke.6The hot weather is partly to _(谴责，责备) for the water shortage.7The President is preparing to _(宣布) his new plan on Tuesday.8No one could _(预见) his future accurately.,constructed,contribute,firework,linked,severe,blame,announce,foresee,.选择合适的词或短语完成句子1Considering that she did her work as her manag
3、er had _ it was improper to criticize her.2The _ of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.3._the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.4Our athletes had won the most gold medals at 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, and my colleagues shot _ to celebrate it.5Dwelling Na
4、rrowness has succeeded in getting across much to the audience, which has _ to its success.,instructed,construction,Apart from,fireworks,contributed,课堂要点探究,(1)(sth.)(to/towards sth.)捐献、捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助The writer personally contributed $50,000 to the earthquake fund.那位作家亲自捐赠了5万美元给地震基金。Would you like to co
5、ntribute to our collection?你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？,重 点 词 汇,1contribute v.,(2)(to sth.)是的原因之一Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？(3)(sth.)to sth.增加，增进，添加(到某物)Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of
6、 this difficult subject.她的工作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。,(4)(sth.)(to sth.)(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿，投稿She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines.她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。,contribute多层含义,contribution n.C捐款；捐资All contributions will be gratefully received.我们对所有捐资表示感谢。C, usually sing.贡献；促成作用These measures would mak
7、e a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要作用。,U捐助；捐赠；(尤指)捐款We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.我们全靠自愿捐款。,(1)单句语法填空If you want to contribute _ our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.(2015新课标全国卷书面表达)如果你想给我们的报社投稿，请在截止日期之前把你的文章发给我。I adm
8、ire Edison a lot because of his great _ (contribute) to the world.我因为爱迪生对世界的巨大贡献而非常钦佩他。,to,contributions,The number of foreign tourists to visit US is expected to be more than 3 million by 2017, _ (contribute) 16 billion dollars to the US economy.到2017年，到美国参观的游客有望达到三百万，能给美国的经济贡献一百六十亿美元。Everyone shou
9、ld make a contribution to _ (protect) the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。(2)完成句子他对太空发展计划已经作出了很大贡献。_ the space development programme.,contributing,protecting,He has made great contributions to,The new airport is still under construction.新机场仍在修建中。This is a fine construction.这是一座完美的建筑。A learners dictionary
10、 should give both the meanings of words and examples of the constructions in which they are used.学生词典应该既提供词语的含义，又举出应用这些词语的结构的例子。注意：under construction为固定用法，意思是“修建中”。,2construction n建设；建筑物；结构,construct v.(1)建设，修建The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed from 1933 to 1937.金门桥建于1933至1937年间。It took them two
11、 years to construct the building.他们用了两年时间建这座大楼。,(2)创立(学说等)，构(词)，造句He constructed a theory with his colleagues.他与他的同事合作创立了一种学说。I have not hesitated to construct arguments in its support.我毫不踌躇地构思一些支持它的论据。,用恰当介词填空Besides a bridge _ construction, the construction of the freeway goes well.解析：句意：除了一座正在建造中
12、的桥，这条高速公路的建设进展顺利。under construction“正在建造中”，是固定短语。,under,(1)sb.(to sth.)|sb. to do sth.激励，鼓舞His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 50 win.他的出色表现使球队士气大振，以50大获全胜。Such a development inspired us to work still harder.这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。(2)赋予灵感，激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的)；启发，启示His noble example inspired the rest
13、 of us to greater efforts.他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自对他母亲的怀念。,3inspire v.,(3)sb.(with sth.)|sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感)The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.The falling leaves inspired sadness in her.落叶触动了她的伤感。His encouraging remarks inspi
14、red confidence in me.His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。,(1)inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的Its an inspired work of art.这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。He is an inspired poet.他是一位富于灵感的诗人。The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students.那激昂的音乐使学
15、生们情绪激昂。The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。,完成句子我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。I hope this success will _ greater efforts.,inspire you to,Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in.除了我父母，我谁也不相信。(not including my parents)Apart from the cost, we need to think about how much time t
16、he job will take.除了成本之外，我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。(including the cost),重 点 短 语,1apart from除之外；此外,in addition，besides，except，except for，apart from & but(1)in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besides。(2)besides“除之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。(3)except从所提到的人或事物中除去，即“从整体中除去一部分”。(4)except for表示对整体部分的肯定和对局部的否定，
17、起部分修正主要部分的作用。(5)apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示without的意思。(6)but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面。,(1)补全句子除了上面布置的任务外，你还要写一篇关于环境污染的200字的作文。_ the assignment said above，you have to write a 200word composition on environment pollution.除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。_ the school，the villag
18、e has a clinic，which was also built with government support.,Besides,In addition to,(2)选apart from，besides或except for填空_ English，he has a good command of Russian and French.So far, the old villages of New England have changed relatively little _ a gas station or two in recent decades._ some pennies,
19、 I think there are only nine pounds left in my pocket.,Apart from或Besides,except for,Besides/Apart from,They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一球，确保了胜利。Our staff will do their best to make sure you enjoy your visit.我们的人员会竭尽全力使您访问愉快。He looked around to make sure that he was alone.他往四下
20、看看是不是只有他一个人。,2make sure确信，确保；查明，核实,make sure that.确保make sure of doing sth.确保做某事be sure to do sth.一定要做某事；务必要做某事be sure of (doing) sth.一定会(做)某事；某事肯定会发生,注意：sure通常不用于有形式主语或形式宾语it的句子中，这种情况下一般用certain。,(1)真题改编(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is, _ (make) sure its
21、 a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析：这里是动词原形开头的祈使句。(2)补全句子为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。_， I called him up in advance.,make,To make sure that he was at home,课标语法解读,.过去分词作定语1作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动意义又表完成意义，但有时仅表示被动意义，不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成意义。The injure
22、d workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义)They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义)Did you accept the invitation given by the tour guide?你接受导游的邀请了吗？(被动意义以及完成意义),过去分词作定语和表语,2过去分词作定语，常常位于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。given
23、, left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时，只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。此外，过去分词修饰由every，some，any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，也要放在被修饰词的后面。The wounded soldier was looked after carefully.那位受伤的战士受到了细心的照料。Who were the guests invited(who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？,Is there anything unsolved?
24、还有什么问题没有解决吗？There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。,1)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。The book, written(which was written)in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗
25、争的故事。,知识拓展 1,2)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The frightened boy ran away.惊恐的男孩跑开了。Hearing the encouraging news, the students gave out excited shouts.听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。,1)分词、动名词以及不定式在句中担任定语成分的差异：由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的
26、一种状态；由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，强调主动，而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意：分词的完成式不作定语。The man standing under the tree is my uncle.站在树下的那个人是我叔叔。The book published in March sells well.三月份出版的这本书很畅销。,知识拓展 2,2)动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.战士们每个人都有一个睡袋。3)不定式作定语(1)通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。(2)当名词前有形容词的最高级或
27、序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.居里夫人是第一个发现镭的人。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。,.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。 He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这个故事时，被深深地感动了。 He se
28、emed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。,常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused (愉快的)；connected (连接的)；broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；astonished (吃惊的)；covered (覆盖的)；crowded (拥挤的)；delighted (高兴的)；disappointed (失望的); dressed (穿着的)；drunk (喝醉的)；experienced (有经验的)；gone (遗失的)；lost (丢失的)；worried (担忧的)；interested (感兴趣的)；tire
29、d (疲劳的)；pleased (高兴的); satisfied (满意的); surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；known (著名的)等。,知识拓展 1,1)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质和特征；与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人的”。The story is interesting and I am interested in it.这故事很有趣，我很感兴趣。The problem is confusing so the pupils are confused about it.这个问题很迷惑，因此学生们感到很困惑。,知识拓展 2,2)动名词
30、作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。His work is cleaning all the windows of the company every day.他的工作就是每天把公司的窗户擦干净。What they are worried about is being left behind.他们所担心的是被落在后面。,3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty
31、时，表语也常用不定式，不用动名词。The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。He appears to want to leave.他看来要走。,1)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态；而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)The library is closed.图书馆关门了。(系表结构)The library is oft
32、en closed at 6：30 in the afternoon.图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态),知识拓展 3,2)有些过去分词用作表语，接近被动结构。The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城三面环山。 Im pleased with(by/at)what you said just now.听了你刚才的话，我很高兴。,解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。,conducted,hidden,taken,spent,Raised,promoted,connected,returned,to be solved,appointed,used,offered,understand,to be completed,carrying,puzzled,appealing,to receive,encouraging,affected,课堂达标验收,课 时 作 业,
