1、Cultural Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood Vanished of Muxin and its Translation原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名：2014 年 5 月 29 日48万方数据Cultural Default and Compensation in
2、 The Moment Childhood Vanished of Muxin and its Translation关于学位论文使用授权的声明本人完全了解贵州师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留或向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅；本人授权贵州师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文和汇编学位论文。（保密论文在解密后应遵守此规定）论文作者签名： 导师签名：2014 年 5 月 29 日49万方数据AbstractThis thesis studies the original and
3、 translated version of The Moment ChildhoodVanished of Muxin (童年随之而去), to analyze with schema theory to identify thereasons why default exists, then to study with the theories in the study of meaning andthe study of equivalent effect to answer questions like the common methods for culturalcompensati
4、on, the ways to decide which methods to adopt as well as the criterions toassess whether the default is acceptably compensated.Muxin is one of the most valuable but undervalued writers in contemporaryliterature history in China. Being among the last generation of intellectuals to receive theeducatio
5、n in the literati traditional, he is also familiar with western art and literature,which made him one of the writers who understood the best of both cultures. Althoughdue to some reasons he was not highly valuated in mainland China, the attention on thesignificance of his work has been escalating in
6、 the recent years. Being in the time whenpeople criticize about the westernization of Chinese language, Muxins essays areamong the ones that bear the classic beauty of this culture. His language is known for its“variety, contemplation, pureness and smoothness”.Four problems are raised in this essay,
7、 they are:1. The characteristics relating to Muxins work and the hidden cultural elementsthat would possible cause default in it.2. The techniques and methods the translator adopted to compensate.3. An applicable pattern, of how and why to choose a certain technique ormethod when it comes to compens
8、ating a certain default.4. The common criterion promoted by other scholars in translation studies, tojudge if a translation of culturally defaulted text is valid or up to the standard.I万方数据Cultural Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood Vanished of Muxin and its TranslationThis essay has f
9、ive chapters. Chapter 1 offers an introduction of both the writerand the translator, as well as the target text itself. Then the following part of this chapterserves as the preliminary to the analysis of the objectives, rationale, theoreticalframework as well as structure of this essay. Chapter 2 se
10、rves as the foundation of thisstudy as in this chapter a general review of the theories involved in this study is provided,with the focus on the cause of cultural default and the current studies of compensation.Chapter 3 puts the target text into analysis by applying the above mentioned theoriesinto
11、 the study of this specific text, to find out the existing defaults, which are dividedinto two types: the kind due to the lack of corresponding word, and the kind due to thehidden meanings. Chapter 4 classifies the adopted methods of compensation in thetranslating process. In chapter 5, this essay i
12、s ended by a conclusion of all the findings,including an attempt to answer the questions raised.The existence and necessity of analyzing cultural defaults and compensating hasindicated once again that translation has evolved beyond merely linguistics and grammar,but into a discipline that is the int
13、eraction between translation and culture. As MarySnell-Hornby coined the term “the Cultural Turn”, translation requires more thanunderstanding the text and “reproduce” it into another language, but to take all kinds offactors into consideration, e.g. whether the reproduction would be acceptable let
14、aloneunderstandable among the target language readers; would there be any sub-textualinformation that should be added into this translating process; or is there any elements inthis text that requires further explanation. The translator in this case made sure the“information” is reproduced, and went
15、beyond that. With the many techniques andmethods he adopted to ease the cultural gap, his translation achieved acceptance amongthe English readers. Language is a part of culture, and texts only make sense in thecultural background. Without the consideration of culture, a translation would be hard to
16、be fully accepted by the target language reader. Even when the cultures are globalizednow, this step in translation is still necessary for proper rendering.II万方数据Cultural Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood Vanished of Muxin and its TranslationThe limitations of this thesis are: first,
17、it fails to study the text with literaturetheories, to further understand the cultural defaults and compensation in the unit ofdiscourse; second, it fails to explore the significance or influence of the original andtranslated text outside the text itself in depth and detail; third, it fails to expla
18、in theevaluation of acceptance among original and target language readers as a method oftranslation assessment for the compensated text. However, in spite of all the deficiencies,it still managed to study the compensation employed by the translator in his workingprocess. Also, the study of this thes
19、is will surely benefit further practices in translatingcultural intensive texts, and will help promote the awareness of Muxins work, which isnow clearly undervalued.Keywords: Muxin, schema theory, cultural default, compensation, cultureIII万方数据Cultural Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood
20、 Vanished of Muxin and its Translation摘要本文意在研究木心作品童年随之而去(The Moment Childhood Vanished)，因其不仅行文多富含文化隐喻及背景，且译者刘俊巧妙地在英文译文中对此进行了重现，使该作品英文版在海外获得高度好评及认可，还因木心本人极高的文学造诣与他在国内文学界所获声誉极不相称。本文借助图示理论解释文化缺省的由来，并使用对意义的研究，以及对等理论研究等，对文章中出现的文化缺省进行了分析。随后通过柯平等学者对文化缺省补偿方式的分类研究，结合目标文本译者刘俊在翻译中使用到的补偿方式，对译文进行了评价和分析。木心为中国最后一代
21、接受传统古典教育的文人之一，其语言被称为“惊为天人”，文章的 “杂、静观、干净、熨帖 ”令人惊艳。而由于各种原因，虽然木心在国外享受盛誉，在国内却鲜有人知。木心除了深谙中国古典文化，也对西方文化经典了如指掌。除文学上的造诣外，他在艺术上也颇有建树。译者刘俊为旅美大学教授，著有多本专著，为木心翻译完成空房故事集，其中文章选自木心多本散文集。由刘翻译的木心文章已收录至美国主流大学教材中，可见作者译者在美国英语读者中的接受度极高。本文提出四个问题，并通过分析研究进行了回答，问题为：一、木心文章中隐藏的文化点以及所造成的文化缺省。二、译者翻译过程中使用的补偿手段和技巧。三、通过总结分析得出某种补偿手段
22、或者技巧的选择原因和适用范围。IV万方数据Cultural Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood Vanished of Muxin and its Translation四、其他学者在相关研究中提出的翻译评论可否应用在评价文化补偿是否成功或者达到要求。本文分为五个章节：第一章为简介部分，对作者及译者进行了介绍，并且简述了文章的语言及文化特点。同时阐述了研究的目的，以及理论框架，对下文进行了引出。第二章为本文的理论基础部分，阐述了应用到的各种理论，并将重点放在文化缺省的形成上面，以及当前对文化补偿的研究。第三章运用理论对原文和译文进行
23、了分析，找出原文中存在的缺省现象并对其分类，分别为，由于缺乏对应词而产生的缺省，以及对应词缺乏相应含义而产生的缺省。第四章将翻译过程中译者使用到的补偿方式进行了归纳总结。第五章为结论部分，提出了论文的结论，并回答了提出的问题。学者提出“文化转向 ”概念，即说明翻译已不再是单纯的语言学或者语法层面上的活动，而是语言，语言学以及文化研究相结合的产物。在翻译中，仅仅将信息“解码 ”然后在另一门语言中 “重组”已经不再是整个翻译过程，而是需要对文本周围的各种情况进行考虑，如，译文在目的语读者群中是否得到接受，文中是否还有隐含的含义，以及文中的各种意义是否需要进一步解释其出处背景等。文章译者刘俊不仅将文
24、章意义传达完整，得到作者的认可，同时也使用各种手段对译文中必要的文化缺失进行了补偿，在目的语读者中也获得了广泛赞誉。虽然当下全球化带动文化全球化，各国流行文化趋势日益相同，但积淀几千年的文化传统不会在短期内改变。译者仍然需要在翻译中考虑读者的各种需求和习惯，试图将文化和语言分裂开来，只能适得其反。本文仍存在诸多不足之处：其一，缺乏对原文及译文在文学层面的研究，而对于缺省及补偿的分析仅仅局限于文本本身。其二，没能对原文及译文在其影响或者意义的层面进行深度分析。其三，对于翻译评论的部分，缺乏对原文译文读者接受程度的对照研究。然而，尽管不足之处尚存，对此原文译文进行对照分V万方数据Cultural
25、Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood Vanished of Muxin and its Translation析研究，必定有利于今后解决翻译文化篇章中遇到的问题，同时对于提升木心在国内知名度也能起到一定作用。关键词：木心，图式理论，文化缺省，补偿，文化VI万方数据AcknowledgementFirst, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my professor, Ms. XiaShangli, for not only her highly instructive an
26、d helpful suggestions on this thesis, butalso her constant encouragement and reinforcement. I am deeply grateful for her help inwalking me through all the stages from choosing topic and material to revision. Withouther illuminating instruction and help, this thesis would not have reached its present
27、 form.Second, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the university, GuizhouNormal University, whose abundance in resource and amiability of her teaching andworking staff made possible that I get all the help I needed, and in the most efficient andprofessional way.Last my thanks would go to
28、my beloved family, friends and classmates for theirconsiderations and confidence in me, and for lightening up every day for me, whichsurely helped during my working out problems encountered throughout the difficultcourse of the thesis.万方数据Cultural Default and Compensation in The Moment Childhood Van
29、ished of Muxin and its TranslationContentAbstract .I摘要 . IVAcknowledgement .IChapter 1 Introduction . 11.1 Introduction of the Writer and Translator . 11.2 Introduction to the Text . 21.3 The Objectives and Rationale of this Thesis . 31.4 The Structure of this Thesis . 4Chapter 2 Cultural Default an
30、d Compensation . 62.1 Translation of Culture-specific Text . 62.2 Schema Theory and Cultural Default . 82.3 Compensation . 102.4 The Assessment of Compensation . 14Chapter 3 Analysis of Cultural Default in the Original Text. 173.1 Default on the Text Level . 173.1.1 Default due to the Lack of Corresponding Word . 173.1.2 Default due to the Hidden Meanings . 183.2 Default on the Cultural Level . 213.2.1 Cultural Default in Ecology . 223.2.2 Defaults in Material Culture . 23i万方数据
