1、目 录2 0 1 2 年 首 都 师 范 大 学 2 1 1 翻 译 硕 士 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 3 年 首 都 师 范 大 学 2 1 1 翻 译 硕 士 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 4 年 首 都 师 范 大 学 2 1 1 翻 译 硕 士 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 5 年 首 都 师 范 大 学 2 1 1 翻 译 硕 士 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 2年首都师范大学2 1 1翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I. Pro o fread in g an d Erro r Co rrectio n (1 * 1
2、0 POINTS, 1 5 MINUTES)Directio n s: Th e fo llo win g p assag e co n tain s TEN erro rs. Each n u mb ered lin eco n tain s ONE erro r, in wh ich o n ly ONE wo rd is in v o lv ed . Id en tify each erro ran d co rrect it in th e fo llo win g way : co p y th e wro n g wo rd o n y o u r ANSWERSHEET an d
3、 th en write d o wn th e co rrect o n e. Mak e su re th at y o u write y o u ran swers o n th e ANSWER SHEET!【答案与解析】1co u rag emen tco u rag e（“勇气”的表达为“co u rag e”。）2cro p scro p（cro p ro tatio n为固定搭配，意思是“作物轮作”。）3th an to（su p erio r to为固定搭配，意思是“优于；比优越”，虽然有比较的意思，但是不能与th an搭配。）4ex istex isten ce（in e
4、x isten ce现有的，为固定搭配。）5mo remo re（easy的比较级为easier，不能用mo re easier。）6th ea（句意：他首先是一个不知疲倦的好作家。文中并没有提到过关于他是“writer”的其他事情，因此不能用特指。）7co mp leted co mp lete（co mp leted强调被动含义，然而文中并不需要强调被动，因此应改为co mp lete。）8d isco v erin g d isco v ered（这句话用了被动语态，因此d isco v er应该用被动形式。）9d eclaratio n Declaratio n（Declaratio
5、n o f In d ep en d en ce为独立宣言，首字母需大写。）1 0h imh is（完整表达应该是“th e task o f writin g it was h is task ”，第二个task可以省略。）Part II. Vo cab u lary an d g rammar (1 * 2 0 POINTS, 2 5 MINUTES)更多考研资料 v/q:344647 公众号/小程序：顺通考试资料Directio n s: Fro m th e fo u r wo rd s o r p h rases u n d er each sen ten ce，ch o o se
6、th eo n e th at b est su its th e b lan k in each sen ten ce.1 1Th e ex p lan atio n g iv en b y th e co n g ressman y esterd ay was n o t at all_ _ _ _ _ to u s.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfacto ryD. satisfy in g【答案】C【解析】句意：我们对昨天国会议员给出的解释一点儿也不满意。sth .b e satisfacto ry to sb .某事令某人满意。1 2Primitiv e
7、 su p erstitio n s th at feed racism sh o u ld b e_ _ _ _ _ th ro u g hed u catio n .A. ig n o redB. ex altedC. erad icatedD. can celed【答案】C【解析】句意：助长种族主义的原始迷信必须通过教育根除。erad icate根除，消灭。ex alt提升；赞扬。1 3Th e less th e su rface o f th e g ro u n d y ield s to th e weig h t o f th e ath letesb o d y ,_ _ _
8、 _ _ to th e b o d y .A. th e stress it is g reaterB. g reater is th e stressC. g reater stress isD. th e g reater th e stress【答案】D【解析】句意：地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车承受的压力就越大。本题考查的是固定用法“th e+比较级，th e+比较级”，且根据th esu rface o f th e g ro u n d可以判断stress前也应该有th e。1 4Ov er a v ery larg e n u mb er o f trials, th e
9、 p ro b ab ility o f an ev en t _ _ _ _ _ iseq u al to th e p ro b ab ility th at it will n o t o ccu r.A. o ccu rrin gB. to o ccu rC. o ccu rsD. o ccu r【答案】B【解析】句意：经过大量实验，某件事发生的概率与其不会发生的概率相同。动词不定式做定语,相当于“th at will o ccu r”,与后面的“th at it willn o t o ccu r”相呼应，表示未发生的事。1 5Sad ly , wh ile th e tran sl
10、atio n in d u stry th riv es, th e p ractice o f tran slatio nco n tin u es to _ _ _ _ _ .A. stackB. stag eC. stag n ateD. stamp【答案】C【解析】句意：令人遗憾的是，虽然翻译行业蓬勃发展，但是翻译实践仍然停滞不前。stag n ate停滞。stack堆积。stamp跺脚；捣碎。1 6Yo u r b lu n t treatmen t o f d isp u tes wo u ld p u t o th er p eo p le in a n eg ativ efra
11、me o f _ _ _ _ _ with th e resu lt th at th ey wo u ld n o t b e ab le to accep t y o u rp ro p o sal.A. min dB. id eaC. in ten tio nD. wish【答案】A【解析】句意：其他人会因你对纠纷的迟钝处理心情不佳，从而不会接受你的提议。frame o f min d心情。常用in a g o o d /p o sitiv e/n eg ativ e frameo f min d。1 7Ho me to _ _ _ _ _ an d g an g sters, h ig
12、 h -ran k o fficials an d lo w-wag elab o rers, refu g ees an d artists, th e city was, in its p rime, a metro p o lis th atreflected all th e h u es o f th e h u man ch aracter.A. mag n atesB. mag n etsC. mach in esD. mag n itu d es【答案】A【解析】句意：这座城市正处于鼎盛时期，是权贵和歹徒、高级官员和廉价劳动力、难民与艺术家的容身之处，这座城市是一个反映人生百态
13、的大都市。mag n ate大亨；权贵。mag n et磁铁。mag n itu d e大小；量级。1 8Her _ _ _ _ _ b eh av io r mad e ev ery o n e n erv o u s. Sh e was alway s ru sh in g too p en d o o rs an d ap o lo g izin g u n n ecessarily fo r an y in co n v en ien ce th at sh emig h t h av e cau sed .A. o b liv io u sB. o b serv an tC. o b
14、 seq u io u sD. o b so lescen t【答案】C【解析】句意：每个人都对她的奉承行为感到不安。她总是抢着开门你，而且总是为她可能造成的不便进行不必要的道歉。o b seq u io u s谄媚的。o b liv io u s遗忘的。o b serv an t善于观察的。o b so lescen t荒废的。1 9In o rd er to o b tain th e n eed ed in fo rmatio n , y o u sh o u ld write simp ly ,clearly , an d co n cisely _ _ _ _ _ th e read
15、 er wan ts to k n o w.A. wh atB. Th atC. so th atD. wh ich【答案】A【解析】句意：为了得到所需信息，你应该简洁、清楚而又准确地写出读者们想要知道的。空格处的词既做主句的宾语，又做从句的主语，因而应选wh at。2 0He was co mp letely _ _ _ _ _ b y h er tale o f h ard sh ip .A. tak en awayB. tak en d o wnC. tak en inD. tak en u p【答案】C【解析】句意：他完全被她的苦难故事所欺骗。tak e in领会；欺骗。tak e d
16、 o wn记下；拆卸。2 1Th e g en eral _ _ _ _ _ ev ery o n e else fo r h is lack o f su ccess with an yassig n ed task .A. accu sedB. b lamedC. co mp lain edD. ch arg ed【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：将军因不能自己完成指定任务而指责其他每个人。b lame sb . fo r sth .因某事责备某人。accu se sb . o f指责某人做某事。2 2I sh all _ _ _ _ _ th e lo ss o f my
17、 wallet in th e n ewsp ap er, with a reward fo rth e fin d er.A. an n o u n ceB. p u b lishC. ad v ertiseD. in fo rm【答案】C【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将在报纸上登广告找我的钱包，捡到者将有奖励。ad v ertise有“(在电视、报刊等)公告、公布”的意思。2 3Th e d esig n er wen t ah ead with h is u n p o p u lar sch eme, _ _ _ _ _ to h o stilecriticism.A. o p
18、 p o sedB. in d ifferen tC. sen sitiv eD. u n aware【答案】B【解析】句意：设计师继续沿用他那不受欢迎的计划，不在乎恶意批评。in d ifferen t to不在乎。2 4Th e teach er was _ _ _ _ _ to h is trad in g o f h o me assig n men ts an d h istreatmen t o f o ffen d ers.A. len ien tB. mercifu lC. p itifu lD. sy mp ath etic【答案】B【解析】句意：对于他的家庭作业交易和他对待
19、冒犯者的方式，老师的处理十分仁慈。b e mercifu l to对仁慈。b e sy mp ath etic to对同情。len ien t仁慈的。p itifu l可怜的，令人同情的。2 5Th e sn ak e _ _ _ _ _ smo o th ly th ro u g h th e lu x u rian t g rass.A. crep tB. cro u ch edC. stro lledD. g lid ed【答案】A【解析】句意：这条蛇顺利地爬过了茂盛的草地。creep爬行；蠕动。cro u ch蹲伏。stro ll散步。g lid e滑翔。2 6On lab o r D
20、ay th e wo rk ers will march in _ _ _ _ _ th ro u g h th e to wn .A. p ro cessB. p ro cessio nC. p ro g ressD. p ro ced u re【答案】B【解析】句意：劳动节那天工人们将排队穿过小镇行进。in p ro cessio n列队。2 7On e p ro b lem th e lo cal au th o rities h av e to d eal with is th e _ _ _ _ _ o f th eth o u san d so f to n s o f g arb
21、 ag e sp ewed fro m h o mes an d facto ries.A. d isp o salB. d isp ersalC. d isp o sitio nD. d isap p earan ce【答案】A【解析】句意：当地政府必须处理的一个问题是如何处置来自住宅与工厂的成千上万吨的垃圾。d isp o sal多指垃圾等的处理。g arb ag e d isp o sal垃圾处理。d isp o sitio n指事务的处理。d isp ersal散布。2 8It is th e in teractio n b etween p eo p le, rath er th a
22、n th e ev en ts th at o ccu r inth eir liv es, _ _ _ _ _ th e main fo cu s o f so cial p sy ch o lo g yA. th at isB. th at areC. wh ich isD. wh ich are【答案】A【解析】本句是一个强调句。句意：社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的互动，而不是他们生活中发生的事。2 9Ou r u rg e to classify d ifferen t life fo rms an d g iv e _ _ _ _ _ seems to b e aso ld as
23、 th e h u man race.A. u s n ameB. th em n ameC. u s n amesD. th em n ames【答案】D【解析】句意：我们将不同生命形式进行分类并命名的欲望似乎同人类历史一样久。3 0_ _ _ _ _ ,h is wife was h ap p y to see h im b ack .A. After trav elin g 4 week s o n seaB. After h e trav eled 4 week s o n seaC. After 4 week s sea trav elin gD. After h is 4 week
24、 s sea trav elin g【答案】D【解析】句意：他在海上航行四周以后回到了家，他的妻子十分开心。根据句意可知，逗号前后主语不一致，因此逗号前须另带主语，构成独立主格结构。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。选项A和C没有另带主语h e，因此不正确。B选项中trav eled应改为trav elin g。D选项为名词短语作状语。Part III. Read in g Co mp reh en sio n (1 * 3 0 POINTS, 8 0 MINUTES )Th ere are Fiv e p assag es in th is sectio n . Read ea
25、ch p assag e an d an swer th eq u estio n s g iv en at th e en d o f each p assag e. Please write y o u r an swer o n th eANSWER SHEET!Passag e IPo o r p eo p leth e d estitu te, d isease rid d en an d maln o u rish ed “b o tto mb illio n ”-liv e in p o o r co u n tries. Th at h as b een th e cen tr
26、al o p eratin gassu mp tio n o f th e aid b u sin ess fo r a d ecad e.Th e th esis was tru e in 1 9 9 0 : th en , o v er 9 0 % o f th e wo rld s p o o r liv ed in th ewo rld s p o o rest p laces. Bu t it lo o k s o u t o f d ate n o w. An d y Su mn er o fBritain s In stitu te o f Dev elo p men t Stu
27、 d ies reck o n s th at almo st th ree-q u arterso f th e 1 3 b illio n -o d d p eo p le ex istin g b elo w th e $ 1 2 5 a d ay p o v erty lin e n o wliv e in mid d le-in co me co u n tries. On ly a q u arter liv e in th e p o o rest states(mo stly in Africa).Th is ch an g e reflects th e su ccess o
28、 f d ev elo p in g co u n tries in h au lin gth emselv es o u t o f misery . In 1 9 9 8 th e Wo rld Ban k classified 6 1 co u n tries(o u t o f 2 0 3 ) as lo w-in co me (mean in g an an n u al in co me p er h ead o f less th an$ 7 6 0 , in mo n ey o f th at era). In 2 0 0 9 th e n u mb er h ad sh ru
29、 n k to 3 9 o u t o f 2 2 0In d ia, Pak istan , In d o n esia an d Nig eria all mo v ed to mid d le-in co me statu sd u rin g th at time (Ch in a p assed th e th resh o ld earlier). Bu t ev en ex clu d in gCh in a an d In d ia, th e sh are o f g lo b al p o v erty acco u n ted fo r b y o th er mid d
30、 le-in co me co u n tries trip led b etween 1 9 9 0 an d 2 0 0 8 , to 2 2 %. Oth er fig u ressu p p o rt Mr. Su mn ers fin d in g . Of th e wo rld s u n d ersized ch ild ren (a g o o din d icato r o f maln u tritio n ), 7 0 % liv e in mid d le-in co me co u n tries.In o n e sen se it h ard ly matter
31、s to a d estitu te Nig erian o r In d ian th at h isco u n try h as b een reclassified b y so me d istan t d ev elo p men t b an k . Bu t it raisesh ard q u estio n s ab o u t wh eth er fo reig n aid sh o u ld b e fo r p o o r p eo p le o r p o o rco u n tries. Britain , fo r ex amp le, h as a ru le
32、 th at 9 0 % o f aid is su p p o sed to g o toth e p o o rest co u n tries. Aid ch arities stro n g ly su p p o rt th at fo cu s. Th e resu lt, astax p ay ers mo n ey ru n s scarce, is th at d o n o rs h av e co n sig n ed p ro g rammes inmid d le-in co me co u n tries to a “b o n fire” say s Alex E
33、v an s, a fo rmer ad v iser atBritain s Dep artmen t fo r In tern atio n al Dev elo p men t. Yet th ese are th eco u n tries wh ere th e v ast majo rity o f th e p o o r liv e.On Sep temb er 2 9 th , Bo b Zo ellick o f th e Wo rld Ban k called fo r a p ro fo u n d“ch an g e in h o w we co n d u ct d
34、 ev elo p men t research ”. Presid en t Barack Ob amawan ts a reth in k o f Americas mu d d led aid p ro g ramme. Mr. Su mn ers d atamak e th at lo o k o v erd u e. Po v erty , h e say s, may b e tu rn in g fro m b ein g anin tern atio n al d istrib u tio n p ro b lem in to a n atio n al o n e. Mo s
35、t mid d le-in co meco u n tries, th ro u g h n atio n al co n d itio n al-cash -tran sfer sch emes su ch asBrazils Bo lsa Familia, h av e p ro v ed b etter at h elp in g th eir o wn p o o r th anan y th in g in v en ted an d fin an ced b y th e in tern atio n al aid in d u stry . Giv in g iseasy . T
36、h in k in g can b e a lo t h ard er.3 1Wh ich o f th e fo llo win g wo rd s h as th e clo sest mean in g to “d estitu te” inParag rap h 1 ?A. miserab leB. imp o v erish edC. u n fo rtu n ateD. d isastro u s3 2Th e fig u res in th e first th ree p arag rap h s sh o w_ _ _ _ _A. d ev elo p in g co u n
37、 tries n o w rid th emselv es o f p o v ertyB. th e relatio n b etween p o o r co u n tries an d p o o r p eo p leC. p o o r p eo p le n o w d o n o t liv e in p o o r co u n triesD. alth o u g h man y d ev elo p in g co u n tries are n o t listed in lo w-in co me co u n triesas b efo re, th ey are
38、still wh ere mo st p o o r p eo p le liv e3 3Wh at is th e p ro b lem th at ex ists in to d ay s ch arity imp lied in Parag rap h4 ?A. It is h ard to tell wh eth er fo reig n aid sh o u ld b e fo r p o o r p eo p le o r p o o rco u n tries.B. Fo reig n aid may n o t g o to th e majo rity o f th e p
39、o o r p eo p le wh o liv e in th emid d le-in co me co u n tries.C. With less tax p ay ers mo n ey d o n o rs will ab an d o n so me ch arityp ro g rammes.D. Po o r p eo p le d o n t liv e in th e p o o rest co u n tries.3 4Th e last p arag rap h imp lies _ _ _ _ _A. its easy to d o n ate b u t d if
40、ficu lt to wo rk o u t th e b est aid p ro g ramme to h elpth e p o o r p eo p leB. in tern atio n al aid p ro g rammes sh o u ld b e can celledC. n atio n al aid p ro g rammes are b etter th an in tern atio n al sch emesD. it is to o late to reth in k th e mu d d led aid p ro g rammes3 5A su itab l
41、e title fo r th e p assag e wo u ld b e _ _ _ _ _A. Po o r Peo p le an d Po o r Co u n triesB. Classify in g Dev elo p in g Co u n triesC. Measu rin g Glo b al Po v ertyD. Glo b al Aid Pro g rammes【答案与解析】3 1B d estitu te的意思为“穷困的”。imp o v erish ed穷困的。miserab le悲惨的。d isastro u s灾难性的。3 2C 根据前三段可知，目前贫困人
42、口有近四分之三生活在中等收入国家（发达国家）。只有四分之一生活在最贫穷的国家，这一变化反映了发展中国家摆脱苦难的成功。因此C选项（穷人现在不在贫穷的国家生活）符合题意。3 3C 根据第四段中“Th e resu lt, as tax p ay ers mo n ey ru n s scarce, is th atd o n o rs h av e co n sig n ed p ro g rammes in mid d le-in co me co u n tries to ab o n fire”可知，随着纳税者的钱减少，导致捐助中等收入国家的方案付之一炬。C选项意思是“由于纳税人的钱减少，
43、捐赠者将放弃一些慈善项目。”，符合题意。3 4A 根据最后一段最后一句“Giv in g is easy . Th in k in g can b e a lo th ard er.”可知，选项A正确。3 5A 本文介绍了穷人越来越多地存在与中等收入国家，而不是贫困国家。由此出现了外国援助应该用于贫困国家还是贫困人口的问题。后两段介绍了英国和美国对于这一问题的看法。因此A选项“贫困人口与贫困国家”符合题意。Passag e IITo mo st p eo p le, v amp ires ex ist in o ld sto ries an d h o rro r mo v ies, n o
44、t inreality . Ho wev er, as is tru e fo r man y leg en d s, th is o n e may h av e a b asis infact. In terestin g ly , it is mo d em med ical scien cen o t Ho lly wo o d th at isg iv in g v amp ires n ew life.Acco rd in g to n eu ro lo g ist Dr. Ju an Go mez-Alo n so , th e mo n ster mad e famo u sb
45、 y th e n o v el Dracu la can b e ex p lain ed , at least in p art, b y a simp le d isease:rab ies. Ex amin in g h isto rical reco rd s fro m Eu ro p e, Go mez-Alo n so d isco v eredth at a majo r o u tb reak o f rab ies stru ck Eu ro p es d o g s an d wo lv es in th e 1 7 0 0 s.After rev iewin g th
46、 e reco rd s, h e n o ticed th at rep o rts o f v amp irism freq u en tlyo ccu rred at th e same time as th e an imal in fectio n s. To th e d o cto r, th isco n n ectio n was mo re th an a co in cid en ce.Research in g th e d isease, Go mez-Alo n so fo u n d so meth in g sh o ck in g : inh u man s,
47、 rab ies p ro d u ces sy mp to ms th at mirro r th e ch aracteristics o fv amp ires. Fo r in stan ce, ab o u t 2 5 p ercen t o f rab id men are k n o wn to try tob ite o th er p eo p le, esp ecially wh en in clo se q u arters with th em. In ad d itio n ,rab ies mak es v ictims sen sitiv e to stro n
48、g stimu latio n . As a resu lt, a rab idp erso n wo u ld fin d su n lig h t o r a sh in y mirro r p ain fu l to see. (1 2 )Su chsy mp to ms clearly resemb le th e leg en d ary v amp ires fear o f d ay lig h t an dmirro rs. (1 3 )Similarly , th e stro n g scen t o f g arlicb eliev ed to rep el v amp
49、ireswo u ld b e ag o n izin g to a rab id p erso n .As rab ies p ro g resses, su fferers d isp lay o th er sy mp to ms co n sisten t withv amp ire traits. Fo r ex amp le, rab id p eo p le h av e th e frig h ten in g ten d en cy tob are th eir teeth an d p ro d u ce b lo o d y fro th at th e mo u th
50、. A p erso n with th isfro th in g resemb les th e p o p u lar imag e o f th e “u n d ead ” creatu re with b lo o dd rip p in g fro m h is fan g s. Fu rth ermo re, b ecau se a su fferer o f rab ies wo u ldp refer silen ce an d d ark n ess, h e wo u ld in creasin g ly b eco me mo re activ e atn ig h
