1、目 录2 0 1 2 年 沈 阳 师 范 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 5 0 语言 学 考 研 真 题2 0 1 3 年 沈 阳 师 范 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 5 1 语言 学 考 研 真 题2 0 1 4 年 沈 阳 师 范 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 4 9 语言 学 考 研 真 题2 0 1 2年沈阳师范大学外国语学院8 5 0语言学考研真题科目代码：8 5 0科目名称：语言学I. 解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计2 0分）1ap h asia2IC an aly sis3p ro d u ctiv ity (as a p ro p erty o f lan g u
2、 ag e)4lo cu tio n ary act5p h o n emeII. 简单回答下列问题（共5题，每题8分，合计4 0分）1Wh at is mean t b y “arb itrarin ess” acco rd in g to Sau ssu re?2Is th ere a g en eral tren d in lan g u ag e ch an g e?3Wh at are th e cru cial featu res o f d ig lo ssia in th e n arro w sen se o f th e term?4Wh y is sp o k en la
3、n g u ag e p rimary an d writin g seco n d ary ?5Ex p lain sen ten ce mean in g an d u tteran ce mean in g .III. 用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题1 0分，合计4 0分）1Stu d y th e fo llo w n o te. Name at least 4 way s To m u ses fo r sh o win gp o liten ess.Dear Pro fesso r Wan g ,Im writin g to ap o lo g ize fo r my fa
4、ilu re to tu rn u p fo r o u r ap p o in tmen ty esterd ay . On e o f my b est frien d s came to see me. We h av en t seen eacho th er fo r mo re th an 5 y ears. Please p ard o n me. I wo n d er if it is p o ssib le toh av e an o th er ap p o in tmen t so metime th is week en d . Th an k y o u .Yo u
5、 rs tru ly ,To m2Ho w wo u ld y o u d escrib e th e o d d n ess o f th e fo llo win g sen ten ces, u sin gseman tic featu res?a. Th e telev isio n d ran k my water.b . His d o g writes p o etry .3We can u se th e p attern “it is” (th e cleft co n stru ctio n ) to emp h asize an yp art o f a sen ten
6、ce ex cep t th e p red icate. Wh at can we d o if we mu st emp h asizeit? Please emp h asize ev ery p o ssib le p art o f th e fo llo win g sen ten ce:I saw an amb u lan ce b efo re th e b u ild in g y esterd ay .4Th in k o f th e fo u r max ims o f th e Co o p erativ e Prin cip le p ro p o sed b y
7、P.Grice. Ex p lain th e v io latio n o f max ims in th e cases b elo w an d p o in t o u t th eirp o ssib le imp licatu re.(1 ) A: Co u ld y o u d efin e th e term g y n eco lo g y ?B: Well, g y n eco lo g y is g y n eco lo g y . Th ats it.(2 ) A: I lik e th is p o p u lar so n g so mu ch . Ho w ab
8、o u t y o u ?B: I o ften h ear classical mu sic.(3 ) A: Lets d in e o u t with th e k id s th is week en d .B: Ok ay , b u t n o t M-c-D-o -n -a-l-d -s.A: Lo n d o n s th e cap ital o f th e Un ited States.B: Yes, Beijin g s th e cap ital o f Jap an .更多考研资料 v/q:344647 公众号/小程序：顺通考试资料IV. 回答下列问题（共2题，每题
9、2 5分，合计5 0分）1Sau ssu re p u ts fo rward s th e co n cep t o f lan g u e an d p aro le, an d Ch o msk yp u ts fo rward th e co n cep t o f co mp eten ce an d p erfo rman ce. Please ex p lain th ed ifferen ces an d similarities, if an y , o f th e two p airs: lan g u e an d p aro le v s.co mp eten ce
10、an d p erfo rman ce.2Mak e a co mmen t o n th e fo llo win g statemen t b ased o n y o u r o wnex p erien ce:Th ere ex ists a clo se relatio n sh ip b etween lan g u ag e an d cu ltu re. In o th erwo rd s, a su ccessfu l master o f a g iv en lan g u ag e h as mu ch to d o with anu n d erstan d in g
11、o f th at cu ltu re.2 0 1 3年沈阳师范大学外国语学院8 5 1语言学考研真题科目代码：8 5 1科目名称：语言学I. 解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计2 0分）1Min imal p airs2Cu ltu ral tran smissio n3Co o p erativ e Prin cip le4Dig lo ssia5Mo v e-II. 简单回答下列问题 （共5题，每题8分，合计4 0分）1Wh at are th e well-k n o wn th eo ries ab o u t th e o rig in o f lan g u ag e?2Wh
12、at are th e criteria o f a co mp o u n d wo rd ?3Wh at is sp eech act th eo ry ?4Wh at is sp eech co mmu n ity ?5Wh at is th e d ifferen ce b etween stab ilizatio n an d fo ssilizatio n ?III. 用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题1 0分，合计4 0分）1Tell th e sen se relatio n b etween A an d B in each o f th e first fo u r p
13、 airs, an dth e o n e in th e last sen ten ce:A. Sh e g o t a tu lip .B. Sh e g o t a flo wer.A. Yo u h av en t retu rn ed th e b o o k to me.B. Yo u receiv ed a b o o k fro m me.A. Th e b o y ch ased th e d o g .B. Th e d o g was ch ased b y th e b o y .A. Mark is a b ach elo r.B. Mark is married .
14、Th e b lack b o ard h as a b ad temp er.2Id en tify th e b o u n d mo rp h emes in th e fo llo win g wo rd s:th e teach ers b o o k sits sn o win g h eav ilyth e sh o rten ed stickth e smallest mo n k ey ju mp ed o v er th e mo o nto walk carelessly3Ho w wo u ld y o u d escrib e th e sh o rt ex ch a
15、n g e in terms o f in d irect sp eechact?Mo to rist: My car n eed s a n ew ex h au st sy stem.Mech an ic: Ill b e b u sy with th e o th er car all d ay .4Co mmen t b riefly o n th e British lin g u ist Palmers arg u men t th at “th ere isn o ab so lu te d istin ctio n b etween g rad ab le an to n y
16、ms an d co mp lemen taryan to n y ms. We can treat male/female, married /sin g le, aliv e/d ead as g rad ab lean to n y ms o n o ccasio n s. So meo n e can b e v ery male o r mo re married an dcertain ly mo re d ead th an aliv e.”IV. 回答下列问题（共2题，每题2 5分，合计5 0分）1Wh at is th e d ifferen ce b etween th e
17、 western n o tio n o f face an d th e Ch in esen o tio n o f face?2Try to u n d erstan d th e fo llo win g two p arag rap h s, an d d escrib e an dco mmen t wh at two co n trastin g ap p ro ach es o r p ersp ectiv es o f lan g u ag estu d ies each o f th e q u o tes rep resen ts.a) A h u man lan g u
18、 ag e is a sy stem o f remark ab le co mp lex ity . To co me tok n o w a h u man lan g u ag e wo u ld b e an ex trao rd in ary in tellectu al ach iev emen tfo r a creatu re n o t sp ecifically d esig n ed to acco mp lish th is task . A n o rmalch ild acq u ires th is k n o wled g e o n relativ ely s
19、lig h t ex p o su re an d with o u tsp ecific train in g . Th u s lan g u ag e is a mirro r o f min d in a d eep an d sig n ifican tsen se. It is a p ro d u ct o f h u man in tellig en ce, created an ew in each in d iv id u alb y o p eratio n s th at lie far b ey o n d th e reach o f will o r co n s
20、cio u sn ess.(Ch o msk y )b ) It is fairly o b v io u s th at lan g u ag e is u sed to serv e a v ariety o f d ifferen tn eed s, b u t u n til we ex amin e its g rammar th ere is n o clear reaso n fo rclassify in g its u ses in an y p articu lar way . Th is en ab les u s to g iv e an acco u n to f t
21、h e d ifferen t fu n ctio n s o f lan g u ag e th at is relev an t to th e g en eralu n d erstan d in g o f lin g u istic stru ctu re rath er th an to an y p articu larp sy ch o lo g ical o r so cio lo g ical in v estig atio n . (Hallid ay )2 0 1 4年沈阳师范大学外国语学院8 4 9语言学考研真题科目代码：8 4 9科目名称：语言学I. 解释下列术语
22、（共5题，每题4分，合计2 0分）1arb itrarin ess2lan g u e3acco u stic p h o n etics4co mp o n en tial an aly sis5in terlan g u ag eII. 简单回答下列问题 （共5题，每题8分，合计4 0分）1Ex p lain th e fo u r majo r XPs.2Giv e at least o n e ex amp le to illu strate o v erg en eralizatio n in erro ran aly sis.3Wh at is id io lect?4Wh at
23、are th e th ree k in d s o f an to n y ms?5Wh ats Krash en s In p u t Hy p o th esis?III.用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题1 0分，合计4 0分）1Id en tify th e mo rp h emes (d eriv ativ e o r in flectio n al mo rp h emes) u sed inth e fo llo win g sen ten ces.Its sn o win g h eav ily .Th e artist d ecid ed to d o n ate al
24、l h is p ictu res to th e g allery .Ch in a will mak e a g reater co n trib u tio n to h u man ity .Th at is a d esirab le eco n o mic refo rm.2Po in t o u t th e amb ig u ity in v o lv ed in each o f th e fo llo win g sen ten ces.Th ey are fly in g p lan es.He is an asso ciate ed ito r an d p ro fe
25、sso r.Th ey fed h er d o g b iscu its.Th ey are ly in g o n th e g rass.He saw a p iece o f wo o d .3Draw a tree stru ctu re fo r each sen ten ce.1 ) Yo u k n o w th at I lo v e h er.2 ) Th e ch ild ren arg u ed o v er wh eth er b ats h ad win g s.4Giv e th e p rag matic p resu p p o sitio n fo r ea
26、ch o f th e fo llo win g sen ten ces.1 ) My fath ers car n eed s rep airin g .2 ) Th e fo rmer p resid en t o f Africa d ied at 9 5 .3 ) Yo u sh o u ld sto p eatin g raw o y sters.4 ) Cath erin e p reten d s sh e k n o ws n o th in g ab o u t th is ev en t.5 ) We g reatly ap p reciate y o u r h elp
27、in g u s in th e ex p erimen t.IV 回答下列问题（共2题，每题2 5分， 合计5 0分）1Ch o o se o n e fro m th e th ree sch o o ls o f mo d ern lin g u istics an d co mmen t o nits main co n trib u tio n : Th e Prag u e Sch o o l, Th e Co p en h ag en Sch o o l an d Th eLo n d o n Sch o o l.2Discuss the five major causes of language change.
