1、Comment U1: 日期统一都填写为此示例。本科毕业论文(设计) 题目 A Discussion of Puns in English 院 系 外国语言文学系 专 业 名 称 英语 年 级 2010 级 学 生 姓 名 学 号 指 导 教 师 二零一四年四月Comment U2: 论文标题， 20号Times New Roman，加粗，居中，在第二或第三行Comment U3: 按此格式，Times New Roman 四号字体，居中，单倍行距Comment U4: 按此格式，Times New Roman 四号字体，加粗，单倍行距。School, Major, Date 均按照提供的范例
2、填写。A Discussion of Puns in EnglishA thesis submitted in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Artsin the School of Foreign Languages and LiteraturesChongqing University of EducationSchool: School of Foreign Languages Chinese political literature; characteristics; trans
3、lation methods Comment U11: 中文摘要单独成页，宋体小四号加粗，用冒号和内容隔开。Comment U12: 摘要内容，宋体小四号。1.5 倍行距。Comment U13: 与摘要间隔一行，“关键词”宋体小四号加粗，冒号隔开，关键词语宋体小四号，分号隔开，最后一项不用任何标点符号。摘要：随着国家与国家的交流逐渐增多，政治文献作为反映一个国家政治立场的有力依据，其理论意义和实践意义也逐步凸显，因此对汉语政治文献的深入研究迫在眉睫。特别是全球化政治语境中，政治文献翻译的桥梁和纽带作用在促进国家民族间相互了解、深化友谊、发展合作方面尤显重要。在全球经济一体化、文化交流日益频繁
4、的趋势下，各国领导人之间的互访日益增多，政治文献翻译的跨文化传播也逐渐进入了翻译的研究领域。本文以功能对等理论为指导，探讨汉语政治文献的翻译。论文首先阐述汉语政治文献的定义、分类以及功能，采用比较分析法和例证分析法，深入分析汉语政治文献的语言特点和翻译方法，从而得出本文结论：在汉语政治文献翻译中，忠实、准确、不偏不倚是三大基本原则，加注、释义、省译应该作为基本方法，还要适当考虑将三大影响因素-语言、文化、翻译人员作为必要的补充。关键词：功能对等理论；汉语政治文献；特点；翻译方法 Comment U14: 论题 Times New Roman 小四号加粗居中。Comment U15: 论题必须是
5、说明论文主要观点的完整句子。与“Thesis Statement”间隔一行， Times New Roman 小四号，1.5 倍行距，首行缩进 2字符。Thesis StatementHemingways war stories helped create a new prose style by employing extensive dialogs, shorter sentences, and strong Anglo-Saxon words.Comment U16: 目录，Times New Roman 四号加粗居中，放在该页第二行。Comment U17: Times New Rom
6、an 小四字号，1.5 倍行距。各级标题首字母大写。Comment U18: 与论文正文间隔一行，Times New Roman 小四字号， 1.5倍行距。Notes Appendix 根据实际情况选用，如没有尾注或附录，就不写这两项。Table of Contents1. Introduction12. Literature Review13. The Basic Concepts of Vocabulary63.1 What is vocabulary 63.2 The definition of a word73.2.1 A minimal free form of a language
7、83.2.2 A sound unity83.2.3 A unit of meaning 94. How to Present Vocabulary95. Helpful Tools106. Beneficial Activities127. Applying Semantic Theory148. Conclusion 15Notes17Acknowledgement16Bibliography18Appendix19Comment U19: 一级标题 Times New Roman 四号加粗，左对齐。Comment U20: 每级标题下的正文文字首行都缩进 2字符（或 4个英文字母） ，T
8、imes New Roman 小四号字体，1.5倍行距。Comment U21: 文献综述，根据研究性质，自行决定是否正文。1. IntroductionWith many followers and a large reading public, Doris Lessing is widely considered one of the most honest, intelligent and engaged writers of the day. According to Margaret Drabble, Lessing seems to be a lonely and embattle
9、d figure on the contemporary scene. (Drabble, 1972) John Leonard, a book critic of The New York devoted entirely to Lessing criticism. The Modern Language Association has published Approaches to Teaching the Golden Notebook (1989) in response to the fact that courses on Lessings works are beginning
10、to appear in university calendars and many womens studies and contemporary novel courses include selections from her writings.2. Literature ReviewAmerican feminist critic Elaine Showalter comments that “Lessings early fiction (that is, the novels up to The Four-Gated City in 1969), has many similari
11、ties to Victorian feminine and feminist writing. Olive Schreiner, another South African novelist about whom Lessing has written an enthusiastic essay, obviously influenced the first Martha Quest books.”(Showalter, 1977, p308) Showalter sees Lessings The Golden Notebook as a monumental achievement fr
12、om which her writing has undergone a massive shift, away from female concerns, and most determinedly away from the social realism she admired in the late 1950s.In China, attention to Lessing began in 1987. With the translation of The Grass Is Singing published in 1999 and The Golden Notebook in 2000
13、, Lessing is attracting increasing readers and critics. We can find quite a few articles on Lessing and her works in academic journals, though they are not so extensive as those in western countries. In two theses carried in academic journals, Li Xiangfu discusses the political and feminist themes a
14、nd general features of the different stages of Lessings novels. Wang Jiaxiang and others briefly introduce Doris Lessing and her feminist ideology in literature. Ying Sufang discusses the narrative strategy of Lessings novels. Zhang Ermin introduces the thematic tendency of Lessing. Many articles Co
15、mment U22: 二级标题， Times New Roman 小四号加粗，缩进 2字符。focus on her masterpiece, The Golden Notebook, covering its feminist theme and special structure of narration. There are still many other readers and scholars who study the characteristics, thematic tendency and stages of her literary creation, trying to
16、 systematize her literary works. Of course, there is no lack of the comments closely related to feminism and colonialism.Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic diatribe. And if one is sorry that in
17、 it. Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whose citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic realism.(Chase，1989: 165) Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, 2001a).3. The Basic Concepts o
18、f Vocabulary3.1 Definition of vocabularyAll the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary. The term vocabulary is used in different senses, not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular histor
19、ical period, such as old English, middle English, and modern English vocabulary. 3.2 The definition of a wordThis question has occupied the attention of scholars and experts for ages; the definition of a word has always been controversial When we talk about a word, we tend to think in visual terms ,
20、 in this way a word can be defined Grammarians insist that a word be a free form that can function in the sentence. To sum up, the definition of a word will cover the following points:Comment U23: 三级标题， Times New Roman小四号加粗，缩进 2字符（或 4个英文字母）3.2.1 A minimal free form of a language3.2.2 A sound unity3.
21、2.3 A unit of meaning Therefore, we can say that a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function .4. How to Present Vocabulary 8. Conclusion正文内引用格式说明 如果已经在文内提到作者和图书出版年代，则没有必要再给引用注释。In a 1983 study, Deborah Mayo has been questioning the scientific va
22、lidity of experiments involving laboratory animals. 如果文中提高了作者的姓，则需在其后给出图书出版年代。Mayo (1983) questioned the scientific validity of experiments involving laboratory animals. 如果文内没有给出作者和出版年代，则需要在相应位置标明，直接引用需标明页码“p”An early study (Mayo, 1983) questioned the scientific validity of experiments involving lab
23、oratory animals.When “Brutus is making his rounds” (Rosenkoerrer & Browes, 1991, p.277), nursing home patients exercise, converse, and relax with a well-trained dog. 如果图书作者为两名，则用“&”在引用注释中把他们联结起来One recent study (Franklin & Hayes, 2001) criticized the cosmetics industry for its inaccurate and inhumane testing procedure.
