1、第二编 语法专题突破篇专题一 名词,怀化中考重难点突破名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化不可数名词名词的所有格s所有格的构成及用法of所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语名词作定语、同位语、补语、状语名词辨析【满分点拨】分析怀化中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。1语境辨析分析怀化中考近几年单选和完形，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较多涉及单复数。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语
2、境，即可选出正确答案。2近义词辨析近义名词在怀化中考中也有涉及，如2016怀化中考24题，老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词做适当补充。(1)family，home，house与room(2)noise，sound与voice(3)question与problem(4)work与job(5)message，information与news(6)village，city与c ountryside(7)clothes，cloth与clothing(8)photo，picture与drawing(9)population与people(10)road，street，path与way(11)exercis
3、e，exercises与practice(12)class与lesson(13)country，nation，state与land(14)police与policeman(15)trip，journey，travel与tour【考点抢测】( C )1.If Peter comes to us by any chance，please ask him to leave a _Aletter Bsentence Cmessage( A )2.(2016永州中考)I think eating_is good for health.Atomatoes Bbananaes Cegges( B )3.(2
4、016张家界中考)My father didnt bring much_yesterday，so he only bought a small gift for me.Atea Bmoney Cjuice( B )4.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _Aknowledge Benergy Cchange( A )5.Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahabit Bjob Cmenu( C )6.I want to write for
5、 international _ to become a writer.Achairs Bcomputers Cmagazines( C )7.The Internet is very useful.We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings Btroubles Cinformation( B )8.Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA.Aactors Bplayers C waiters( B )9.Please pick me up at the _My plane arrives at 8：00
6、 am.Ahotel Bairport Cmuseum( B )10.(2016福州中考)Who is the person you admire the most?Qian Xuesen，the Father of Chinas Missiles.He is the_of China.Aleader Bpride Cvoice( A )11.Its kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat Bspace Cplace( C )12.(2016永州中考模拟 )Now there are more and more new d
7、rivers，but they havent got a correct _ of direction.Aidea BfeelingCsense名词的数【满分点拨】1名词的分类类别 意义 例词专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组 织等名称的词 Alice，Canada，the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 book，desk，table，bike，plane集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的词 family，class，police，team，group不可数名词物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料 的词 glass，water，air，paper，w
8、ood抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 抽象概念的词 danger，health，love，success，interest2.可数名词单复数变化规律情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 加s capcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driverdrivers以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾 加esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾 变y为i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies；familyfamilies；storystories续表情况 构成方法 例词以f或fe结尾 一般变f，fe为v，
9、再加esleafleaves；lifelives；halfhalves；knifeknives以o结尾 o前为辅音音素时加es，o前为元音音素时加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，photophotos；pianopianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoer filmgoers两部分都变复数man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母 footfeet；toothte
10、eth；manmen；mousemice词尾加ren childchildren单复数同形 ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer注意：(1)由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把man改成men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加s。(2)man和woman作定语时，其 本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老师)a woman cookwo men cooks(女厨师)3常见不可数名词归纳及用法(1)常见的不可数名词物质名词食物 bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪液体
11、 milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油自然物体 soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头抽象名词情感 joy高兴 friendship友情 peace和平学科 math数学 geography地理physics物理 ch emistry化学概念 population人口 knowledge知识(2)不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块 a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一组；一双；一对a piece of一片(张，块) a pile of一堆短语a pair(piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是p
12、air(piece)(pieces)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs(pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。(3)可数与不可数易混归纳exercise(锻炼)some exercises(练习；训练)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸；证件；试卷)wood(木头；木材 )a wood(小树林)room(空间)a room(房间)life(生活)seven lives(七条生命)【考点抢测】一、词语运用woman foot apple sheep
13、glass1The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _sheep_ there.2All the _women_ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _apples_ this afternoon.4Is that pair of _glasse s_ a little cheaper?
14、5These shoes are too big for my _feet_二、 单项选择( B )6.(2016郴州中考模拟)Hurry up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.Aminute Bminutes Cchance( A )7.I gave a bunch(束) of _ _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers Bflower Cflour( C )8.(2016湘西中考)Here are two nice_of my family.Apicture Bphotoes Cphot
15、os( B )9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes，there are.AGermen BGermans CGerman( C )10.Do you have any _？Yes，I like chess and drama best.Ajobs BjobChobbies名词所有格【满分点拨】含有and的所有格用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，这时只在最后一个名词后加s，用A and Bs表示。如：Mrs.King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时
16、，两个名词都在词尾加s，用As and Bs表示。如：These are Toms and Marys bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。双重所有格两种形式of名词所有格。如：He is a friend of my brothers.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。of名词性物主代词。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一个女儿吗？【考点抢测】1One of my _classmates_(classmate) homework wasnt handed in today.2When is _Childrens_(child) Day?Its on June 1st，Dav
17、e.( B )3.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours( C )4.(2016东营中考)Are you sure this is a photo_，the famous comedy actress?It surprised you，didnt it？But she was once really thin.AJia Ling BJia Lings Cof Jia Ling( B )5.(2016新疆中考)This is_bedroom.Its tidy and nice.ALilys and LucysBLily and LucysCLilys and Lucy
