1、1第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 Part 真题变式体验12017天津高考My room is a mess, but I_clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.答案：neednt neednt “不需要” 。句意： 我的房间很乱， 但今晚出去之前我不需要打扫。我可以在早晨打扫。22017北京高考Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,_easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案：can can “能够” ，表示一种能力。 句意：塞缪尔在我
2、们班上个子最高， 能轻易地够到书架顶上的书本。32017天津高考Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I_ (be) able to reach her yesterday.答案：wouldnt have been 此处 otherwise表示“否则， 要不然” ， 又由yesterday可知， 此处表示对过去情况的假设，用虚拟语气，故填 wouldnt have been。句意：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ 有。否则， 我昨天就不能联系到她了。42017北京高考If the new safety system_ (put) to use,
3、the accident would never have happened.答案：had been put 句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用， 这次事故就不会发生了。由句意和主句中的谓语动词形式可知， 此句是对发生在过去的事情进行虚拟， 条件状语从句中应该使用过去完成时，且应用被动语态，即 had been put。52016北京高考Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (tell) me, I could have helped. 答案：had told 此处表述如果你告诉我，我本可以帮你的。根据题干中的 c
4、ould have helped 和 last week可知，设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 had told。262016天津高考It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.答案：couldnt 根据“It was really annoying”可知，应用 couldnt。句意：真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。72016天津高考I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I would _ (in
5、jure)答案：have been injured 句意：我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话，我可能就受伤了。根据句意及条件从句中的谓语动词形式可知，设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其主句谓语动词形式为“wouldhave done” 。主语 I与 injure为被动关系，应用被动语态，故答案为 have been injured。82016江苏高考If it _ (be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.答案：had not been/hadnt been 句意：如果不是因为那天他的邀请，我现在是
6、不会在这里的。根据句意可知，本句为错综时间条件句。主句和现在的事实相反，从句和过去的事实相反，故从句谓语动词为过去完成时，且应用其否定形式。92015福建高考Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You_ have made full preparations.答案：should 结合语义可知，此处表示过去本应该做而未做的事，应用 should have done结构，故填 should，暗含对对方的责怪。102015重庆高考You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit a
7、fter all these years.答案：must 依据第二句可知，此处应用 must，表示对现在的很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定” 。 Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2016四川高考The giant panda _61_ (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists _62_ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very _63_
8、 (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _64_ (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural _65_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in
9、 her front paws much the way a human does. _66_ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda _67_ more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed _68_ (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and le
10、arned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother _69_ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, _70_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.361_ 62._ 63._ 64._65_ 66._ 67._ 68._69_ 70._ Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一只野生雌性
11、大熊猫对小熊猫的体贴和关爱。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61is_loved 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语为单数，The giant panda与 love之间是被动关系，且表示客观事实。62recently 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处应填副词修饰动词 had，作状语。63caring/careful 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词，表示“有爱心的”或“细心的” 。64to_eat 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处用不定式作定语，修饰不定代词 something。65enemies 考查名词的复数。根据语境可知，此处用名词的复数形
12、式表泛指。66When/If 考查连词。句意：当熊猫宝宝哭泣的时候/如果熊猫宝宝哭泣，熊猫妈妈会前后摇晃熊猫宝宝，而且会轻轻地拍它。根据句意可知答案。67for 考查介词。表示一段时间用介词 for。68its 考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰其后的名词 mother。69drove 考查动词的时态。此处讲过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时。70and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用连词连接两个并列分句。Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)情态动词的基本用法：can 与 be able to的区别；must 与 have to的
13、区别；shall 的用法；should 的用法；used to 与would的用法；may 与 might的用法；need 与 dare的用法。(2)情态动词表推测：对现在和将来情况的推测；学情分析考生在情态动词和虚拟语气的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)考生不能熟练掌握情态动词中的特殊情况，导致在相对复杂的情况中不能透析考查内容的方向，而导致出错；(2)含蓄条件下的虚拟语气出现条件与结论与 if条件从句引出的结论不能对应一致的现象，4对过去情况的推测；几个情态动词的特殊用法(should/need)。(3)虚拟语气的用法：条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but, but for, wi
14、thout, otherwise等)；wish 后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；if only, as if/though, would rather, Its high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟名词性从句中的虚拟语气。而导致使用混乱；(3)条件与结论发生在不同时段，但仍按一致的情况作答，而导致错误。考点 1 情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法也是历年考查的热点之一。除了掌握它们的基本含义外，一些特殊含义也要引起我们的注意。如：must “非得，偏要” ；shall 用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等；should 可表示“竟然”等。解决
15、此类问题，一方面要注意情态动词的基本含义，另一方面，要注意特殊语境下的特殊含义。1can和 could的用法(1)表示“能力” 。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。注意：be able to亦是表“ 能力” ，但更侧重于表示克服种种困难后，所能达到的能力。We were able to finish it ahead of time， though it was such a tough tas
16、k.尽管任务艰巨，我们仍能提前完成。(2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(3)could用于疑问句。表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以” 。5This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Chinese?Sure, we call it “doufu”这道菜真的很好吃，你能不能用汉语说出菜名？当然可以，我们称之为“豆腐” 。(4)表示允许或许可(口语中常用)。What should I wear to the party
17、?Well, it isnt very formal.You can wear whatever you like.我应该穿什么参加晚会？嗯，晚会不太正式，你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。(5)“cannot . too adj.”；“cannot . adj.enough”表示“无论也不过分” ；“越越好” 。You cant be too careful while driving.你开车时越小心越好。2may和 might的用法(用于倒装句中)(1)may和 might表示“许可” ， “可能性” ， “祝愿”(用于倒装句中)等意义。May you succeed！祝你成功！注意：当 may
18、用于疑问句时，其否定回答是“No, . mustnt/cant.” 。May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you mustnt.You must read it here.我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？不，绝不可以，你必须在这儿读。(2)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“不妨；倒不如” 。If you think the price of beef is too high, you may/might as well buy some pork. It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些
19、猪肉。你自己决定。(3)may well用于加强推测语气，表示有较大可能性。What you say may well be true.你说的很有可能是事实。典题 1 Sometimes I am even sleepy in class.Its terrible. You _ as well go to bed earlier.答案 might/may 根据句意可知填 may/might。may/might as well “倒不如；不妨” 。3must的用法(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。You mustnt park here！Its an emergency exit.你不可以在这儿停车
20、！这是紧急出口。(2)表必要性，意为“必须” ，强调主观方面的必须，其否定形式是 neednt/dont have to。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?6I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.我现在要通知他日程表的变动吗？恐怕你必须现在通知他，以免他开会迟到。注意：have to 表示“不得不，必须” ，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情。I have to hand in my term paper before 5：00 p
21、m today.今天下午五点之前我不得不交上我的学期论文。(3)表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要” 。用于疑问句或条件从句中。Where did you get this book?I picked it up from a secondhand bookshop if you must know.你在哪里买的这本书？如果你偏要知道，我是在一家二手书店买到的。4shall的用法(1)主要用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper?晚饭后我可以散散步吗？Where shall we go for our
22、 holiday?我们到哪里去度假？(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、规定、允诺或威胁等，或用于正式法律、条规中。Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。典题 2 2017江苏大丰市期中Why _ I drive so many miles away for a supper when I can easily have it at one of the resta
23、urants nearby?答案 must 根据语境可知，此处表示“非得做，偏要做”的语气，故填 must。典题 3 According to the school rules, a student _ report any damage to school properties to a teacher or the office immediately.答案 shall 由 According to the school rules可知，此处表示正式条规中命令或强制性的要求，故填 shall。5will和 would的用法(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。Please dont tell any
24、body.I wont. I promise.请别告诉任何人。我不会的，我保证。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。7Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着河边散步。(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比 used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。He would go to bed str
25、ictly at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere except in that restaurant.他总是严格地 9点上床睡觉，并且星期日总在那家饭店吃午饭。6should的用法(1)表示一种“义务或职责” ，通常理解为“应该” 。You should take the medicine with a full glass of water.你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。(2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪，表示“竟然” 。It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again
26、.我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。典题 4 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.答案 should 根据语境可知，空格处所填词表示“惊讶，意外”的语气，故填should，表示“竟然” 。典题 5 2018福建莆田调研Each time the girl went by the beggar, she _ give him some money.答案 wound 根据句意，每次这个女孩经过那个乞丐的时候，都会给他一些钱。表示过去的习惯性动作，故填 would。考点 2 情态动词表推测的用法1情态动词表对现在情
27、况的推测(1)can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会” ；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能” ，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能” ，语气很强烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时
28、，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？Lets visit Tom together, Stephen.Theres no need to do so.He cant be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.斯蒂芬，咱们一起去拜访汤姆吧。没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。(2)may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能” ；用于8否定句中也可以表示推测，may/might not 意为“可能不” ，表示一种不太确定的语气。What are y
29、ou doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.本周六你打算做什么？说不准，不过或许我会去滚石演唱会。(3)must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定” ，表示十分肯定的语气。在疑问句中或否定句中要用 can/could。Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。(4)should用来表示推测时意为“应该” ，即含有“按道
30、理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校做了大量训练，通过路考应该没什么困难。典题 6 2018广东珠海调研Some aspects of language learning become more difficult with age. Others _ get easier. 答案 may 根据句意，随着年龄的变化，语言学习的某些方面会变得更难。其他方面也可能变得更容易
31、。与前面的 difficult对比。这里 may表示不确定的语气。故填may。典题 7 Drivers are supposed to limit the speed in neighborhoods because children _ be playing there.答案 may 此处表示对现在情况的推测。根据语境可知，孩子们有可能在那儿玩耍，填 may表示不确定的语气。典题 8 What do you think of Betty?Lovely, though she _ be naughty sometimes.答案 can 根据语境可知，此处表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会” ，故填
32、can。2情态动词用于表示对过去情况的推测基本构成“情态动词have done”用法如下：910典题 9 2018浙江杭州五校诊断Im sorry. I _ have shouted at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.答案 shouldnt 根据句式结构和语义可知，此处表示本不应该做而做了某事。典题 10 Mr Jackson _ have got the good news, for he looks so excited.答案 must 根据下文“for he looks so excited”可知，该空表示肯定性推测，故填 must。考点 3 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1虚拟语气在非真实性条件句中的基本形式
