1、专题突破系列(一) 单项填空之“删、补、还”三招御敌,【典题示例】. 试着用删除法选出题目答案。1. (2012重庆高考)Before you quit your job, _ how your family would feel about your decision. A. consider B. consideringC. to consider D. considered【点拨】结合选项来分析句子结构,逗号前为时间状语从句,如果删除,后面句子实际上是一个祈使句。由此可知,A选项符合题意。 故选A。,2. (2010安徽高考)It was from only a few supplies
2、 that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which【点拨】考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。如果能很快发现that she had bought in the village其实是一个冗余成分并删除,答案就一目了然了。故选B。,【点津】从以上两题可知在单项填空题中,通过分析句子成分或结构不难发现有些成分是冗余的,只要删除就能轻松找到答案,此法
3、为删除法。,. 试着用补全法选出题目答案。1. (2010浙江高考)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out 【点拨】考查省略句式。句意:这项实验表明,适当的运动,如果有规律地进行,能够有助于我们的身体健康。当主从句主语一致时,从句可以使用省略形式,即“连词v. -ing/ v. -ed”形式。本句中if条件状语从句省
4、略了they are,补全后可知用被动,所以答案选C项。,2. (2009湖南高考)Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tired 【点拨】考查省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中,从句补全后应为if I am not tired from work,根据省略的原则,答案显而易见为C项。【点津】以上两题均为省略句式,需要补全句子成分才可以找到正确答案,此法为补全法。,. 试着
5、用还原法选出题目答案。1. (2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in whatC. which D. in which,【点拨】考查定语从句。句意:对心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程,在这个过程中,甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。还原句子even the small details of life should be considered in a gradual process可知定语从句与先行词之间
6、用in,意为“在的过程中” ,故用in which引导定语从句,which指代前面的process。故选D。,2. (2011全国卷)The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen【点拨】考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。句意:接下来他看到的是烟从房子的后面冒出来。rise(升起来)和see(看到)这两个动作是同时发生的,因此选择现在进行时表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。还原句子为the smoke was rising. . . 。故答案为B。,【
7、点津】从以上两题可以看出:在单项填空题中通过变化句子结构来干扰学生,此类试题可以通过还原句子,用正常句式来突破,此种方法为还原法。,【专家支招】1. 为何用删除法?命题人通过添加插入语、限定语、定语从句、同位语等成分,增加了句子的复杂程度,造成学生的视觉差异,从而导致思维错位,产生误导。巧用删除法: 去掉多余信息(插入语、限定语、倒装句、定语从句、同位语、非正常语序和强调句等),答案就显而易见了。,2. 为何用补全法?省略句很容易影响学生对句子结构的准确把握。典型的省略句有:不定式的省略、状语从句的省略、句子谓语的省略、主谓语的省略及强调句型的省略等。教你用补全法: 把省略的句子结构补充完整,干扰因素也就随之消失,答案也就容易判断了。,3. 为何用还原法?命题人可以利用强调句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、感叹句、拆分句等特殊结构来改变句子的正常语序,造成搭配上的假象,从而达到干扰的目的。这类题有相当大的迷惑性,极易导致学生上当。活用还原法: 把主从复合句还原为两个简单句;把疑问句还原为陈述句;把强调句结构还原为普通句式结构;把倒装结构还原为正常结构;把被动结构还原为主动结构等。,