1、 英语 科学案 序号 46 高二 年级 17 班 教师 学生 Unit 5 First aidPeriod 5 省略省略句是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。一、简单句的省略1. 1) (I ) Thank you for your help.2) Lets do the dishes. Ill wash (the dishes) and youll dry (the dishes).3) Are you ready?-Yes, I am (ready).4) The river was deep and the i
2、ce (was) thin.【规则 1】在某些情况下，句子的主语, 宾语, 表语, 甚至谓语都有可能省略。二、不定式中的省略2. 1)Are you going there?-Yes, Id like to (go there).2) He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).3) Do you want to go to the movie tonight?-I hope to go to the movie.4) The boy wanted to ride his bike in
3、 the street but his mother told him not to ride his bike.5) Are you a teacher?-No, but I wanted to be.6) He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well, he ought to have.【规则 2】在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前面重复的动词，只保留不定式符号 to, 可省略不定式作宾语的动词有，_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _等。但如果该宾语是动词 be 或完成时态，则需在之后加上 be 或 have.3. 1) H
4、e told me to sit down and (to) wait for a moment.2) You are free to stay or to leave.【规则 3】当两个或多个不定式并列时，后面的不定式通常省略不定式符号 to; 但如果表示对比 或选择关系， 后面的不定式中的 to 要保留。4. 1) I saw the boy fall down from the tree.2) The boy was seen to fall down from the tree.3) The slave owners made the blacks work (让黑人们工作) more
5、 than 16 hours a day.4) They were heard to sing (唱了) an English song.【难点 1】某些感官动词或使役动词（如 see, hear, notice, observe, make, have, let 等）后接不定式作宾补时，不定式符号 to 要省略;但他们使用被动语态时，不定式符号 to 要保留。三、并列句中的省略5. 1) John picked up his pencil and (he) started to draw.2) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
6、3) His suggestions made Tom happy, but Mary angry(但他的建议使玛丽很生气).4) I study at college and my sister at high school (我妹妹在高中读书).【规则 4】在并列句中，省略是常见的语法现象。在不引起歧义的情况下，后一句与前一句相同的部分都可以省略。四、复合句中的省略6. 1) As (he was ) a young man, he was a store-keeper.2) _As a child (当他还是个孩子的时候 ), he had no money to school.3) S
7、he advised me not to say anything until (I was ) asked.4) You must practice speaking English whenever (it is ) possible.【规则 5】在时间(如 as 表“当的时候”) ，地点，条件，方世和让步状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be 或含有助动词 be,从句的主语和谓语要 一致;或者从句主语为 it,谓语动词是 be,常把从句的主语和谓语动词（或助动词）be 省略掉。7. 1) (I am) Sorry to hear you are ill.2) (Its a ) Pity that
8、 he missed such a good chance.【规则 6】在一些固定语法中，主句中主语被省略。8. 1) Is he coming back tonight?-I think so.2) She must be busy now?-If so, she cant go with us.3) Is she feeling better today? -I am afraid not.4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not.【规则 7】用 so, not 省略上文或文句中的一部分或整个句义。这种方法常见的有：H
9、ow so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so. 及 I suppose/believe/hope not.Practice:单项选择1. Have you any particular plans for the coming holidays?-Yes. _ , Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible2. Who should be responsible for the
10、accident?-The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _.A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told3. I cant see the picture well from here.-_.A. Neither cant I B. Neither I can C. I cant neither D. Neither can I4. You ought to have given them some advice.-_, but who cared
11、 what I said?A. So ought you B. So I ought C. so it was D. So I didKeys: DADD句型转换（改为省略句）1. You can go to school by bus or you can go to school by bike.You can go to school by bus _ _ _.2. I will give one to you if it is necessary.I will give you one _ _.3. He cant come to the party, but I wonder why
12、 he cant come to the party.He cant come to the party, but _ _ _.4. The visitors went into the house and went out of the house frequently.The visitors went _ _ _ of the house frequently.clothing _.Keys: 1. or by bike 2. if necessary 3. I wonder why 4. into and outHomeworkDo Exx. 3 & 4 on Page 37.
13、完成句子1. _ (必要时)，you can send me an e-mail.2. _ (不管是真是假), the story is interesting.3. He gave _ (和从前一样的回答).4. _(为什么不) go and help him at once?5. Arent you the manager?-No, and I _ (不想当).6. The patient feels better than yesterday.-I know _(他好多了).7. He opened his mouth _(好像要说话).8. He may not stay at hom
14、e. _(如果那样的话), leave him a message.9. Ill try my best to read more books _ (如果可能的话).10. Will you join us in the discussion? -_(非常高兴).Keys: 1. When necessary 2. Whether true or false 3. the same answer as before 4. Why not5. dont want to be 6. he does 7. as if to say something 8. If so 9. if possible
15、10. Ill be glad to 单句改错1. In our class boys like sports, while girls do not like. 去掉第二个 like2. If is possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations. 去掉 is (或在 is 前加 it)3. Unless inviting to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. invited4. Will you go with me? -Well, Id like. like 后加 to5. Are you a farmer?-No, but I used to. to 后加 be6. He could do nothing but to wait and see. 去掉 to7. Can you put it off?-I am afraid not so. 去掉 so8. What has made him upset recently?-Left alone to face a troublesome milk case. Being left
