1、commercial risk 贸易风险 opportunity cost 机会成木 absolute advantage 绝对优势 intellectual property 人才资源Lvisible trade 有形贸易 2. credit inquiry 信用调杳 3, letter of credit 信用证 4.balance of trade 贸易顺差S.sales contract 销售合同 6.bill of lading 提单7.consular invoice领事发票8.draft汇票1 .counter-offer 还盘 2.firmoffer 实盘 3.enquiry
2、i旬盘 4.offeror 发盘人 5. cooperative negotiation 合作i炎判 6.offer without engagement 虚盘 7.acceptance 承兑l.insurance premium 保险贽 2.certificate of origin 原产地证书 3.metric ton 公吨 4. inland freight 内陆运贷5. FOB Under Tackle FOB吊钩下交货1. cost structure 贽用结构2 cost of production 生产成本 3.profit margin 利润率 4. selling cost
3、销售费用l.liner transport 班轮运输 2. sea waybill 海运提单 3. shipper 托运人 4. shipping marks 运输标忐 5. war risks 战争险 6. natural calamity 自然灾害 7.total loss 全损 8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销 2.intemational marketing 国内营销 3.product differentiation 产品差异化 4.sociocultural factors 社会文化因素5. market structure
4、 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融 1：具 2. crossing cheque 划线支票 3. sight bill 即期票据 4. commercialinvoice 商业发票 5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票 7. insurance policy 保单.l.remitting bank 汇出行 2. consignment 寄售3.D/P即期付款交单4. D/A承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估 6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金 7.
5、 overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函l.export commodities fairs 口商品交易会II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务 international business 商业借贷 commercial credit 双重征税 double taxation 世贸组9.贸易堡垒10.关税11.出口贸易12.1用证13.过境贸易14.转口贸易15.原产地证书1.trade barrier 10.tariff.export trade12.le
6、tter of credit 13. transit trade 14.entrepot tradeIS.certificate of origin8.询盘 enquiry 9.还盘 counter-offer 10.受盘人 offered 11.发盘人 offeror 12.虚盘 offer withoutengagement 13.实盘 firm-offer6.技术转让 technological transfer 7,内河航运 inland water transportation 8.贸易协定 trade agreement5,支付货币 money of payment 6.硬货币 h
7、ard 6.市场细分 market segmentation 7岩销战略 marketingstrategy 8.消贽者行为 customer behavior9.营销组合 marketing mix 10,营销环境 marketing environment 11.目标市场 target market12.营精研究 market research currency 7,汇率 exchange rate 8,折扣 discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9.物权凭证 document of title 10.清洁提单 clean bill of lading 11.投保人 po
8、licy-holder 12.共同海损 general average 13.水渍险 WPA (with particular average)8.价格术语 term of price 9.木票 promissory note10.背书 endorsement 11.承兑人 acceptor12.受票人 drawee 13.商业单据 commercial documents 14,提单.bill of lading 15原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票 customs invoice10.保兑行 confirming bank 11.议付行 negotiat
9、ing bank 12.国际保理 international factoring(1) budget a. an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area(2) return b. money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copy right m
10、aterial and to theowner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at an agreed percentage of the selling price of theproduct(3) portfolio c a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others tomake and sell a newly-invented machine or proces
11、s(4) royalty d. all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, includingprohibitions and quotas, etc.(5) expertise e. the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits forpurposes other than controlling(6) licensor f. one in
12、which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product readyfor use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc(7) patent g. an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated period, usu. a year used asa guide in making financial arrangements(8) non-tarif
13、f barrier h. the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of theinvestment(9) turnkey contract i. expert knowledge or skill； esp. in a particular field； know-how(10) franchise j. a person or company granting a licence答案：1g 2h 3e 4b 5i 6j 7c 8d 9f 10a21. affiliate a
14、. the total annual income of a state22. assets b. distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area23. world company c. to bring under the control or ownership of a nation24. facilities d something that is put in business operation25. revenue e. well-being26. decentralize f. organiz
15、ation structure27.nationalize g. something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particularservice28. welfare h. a subsidiary company controlled by another29. framework i. a multinational whose national identity has been blurred30. input j. total resources of a busin
16、ess, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.lh 2j 3i 4g 5a 6b 7c 8e 9f lOd21.service a. to restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields22. abundant b. to develop the use of, make the best use of23. specialization c. something done to help or benefit others24. primary d. rel
17、ating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study25.incentive e. a natural gift or ability26. alternative f. that which incites, rouses or encourages a person27. intuitive g. producing a desired or satisfactory result； able to perform duties well28 .efficient
18、h. plentiful, more than enough29 .endowment i. that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else30 .exploit j. those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or rawmaterialslc 2h 3a 4j 5f 6i 7d 8g 9e 10b21. drawback a. to make prominent； to draw special attention22.
19、 highlight b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported23. bulky c. done by one side or party only24. perishable d. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods25. tariff e. taking a lot of space, and often of shape difficult to handle26. specific duties f. money sent by post27. ad valor
20、em duties g. duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods28. unilaterally h. easily to go bad29. maritime i. duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when reexported30. remittance j. connected with the sea or navigationli 2a 3e 4h 5b 6g 7d 8c 9j lOf21. business line
21、a. an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties22. voluntary offer b. the main body of a contract23. contract c. absolutely necessary24. indispensable d. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer25. contract proper e. the party to whom an offer is made26. contracti
22、ng parties f. a contract made by the buyer27. force majeure g. signatories of an agreement28 .purchase contract h. an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer29 .firm offer i. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party30. offeree j. good
23、s dealt in by a companyIj 2d 3a 4c 5b 6g 7i 8f 9h lOe21.insured a.a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy22 .premium b, a person who carries on insurance as a business23 .potential loss c. something given or received as an equivalent for loss24 . viability d. a combination of funds
24、 formed for common advantage25 . claim e. the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value26 .margin f. loss which is possible to incur27 .underwriter g. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract28 .consumption h. a person covered by an insurance policy29 .compensa
25、tion i. ability to succeed in operation30 .pooling j. amount above what is estimated as necessarylh 2g 3f 4i 5a 6j 7b 8e 9c lOd31 .purchasing power a. to take what is needed from, to exploit32 . assess b. purchasing power parity23.spur c. considerable desire to make purchase for consumption24. avera
26、ge d. a person or an organization etc. that receives something25. productive e. of person, the public, having the money to buy goods and services26. tap f. of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount27. infrastructure g. to urge or encourage28. recipient h. producing in high efficiency
27、 or in large quantity29. consumerism i. to judge an amount or value30. ppp j. large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc.needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commercele 2i 3g 4f 5h 6a 7j 8d 9c 10b21. debtor a. the
28、person who issues a draft, usually the exporter22. default b. irregular movement of ( prices, exchange rates etc.)23. dubious c. the sending of money or the money sent24. draft d. financially satisfactory25. remittance e. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money26. fluctuation f. doub
29、tful, uncertain, questionable27. drawer g. a person who owes money28. sound h. prohibit, forbid29. ban i. the person to whom a draft is drawn30. drawee j. fail to carry out an obligation1g 2j 3f 4e 5c 6b 7a 8d 9h lOi21. peg a. the stock of gold coin and bullion ( gold bars) held by a note-issuing ba
30、nk in a country on the goldstandard22.redeem b, to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock23. settlement c. the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of goldor as compared with other currencies24. exchange rate d. to k
31、eep fixed or unchanged25. fluctuations e. the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency26. gold reserves f. equal in value, on the same level27. money g. the act of paying a bill； debt, charge, etc.28. devaluation h. money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for
32、goods and services29. offset i. upward and down ward movements in the economic system30. par j. to set one value against another or as equal to anotherId 2b 3g 4e 5i 6a 7h 8c 9j lOf21.quota a. company expansion through the purchase of other business22. VER b. certain non-tangible assets held, princi
33、pally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trademarks and designs, and copy-right23. acquisition c. a period of time during which tax is not levied24. synergy d. a way by which a place esp. property, can be reached or entered or used25. rebate e. the gain form an investment, either as
34、 income or yield or as profit in the sale of the investment26. intellectual property f. benefits from combining different businesses, normally claimed by the promoters ofmergers27. tax holiday g. reduce28. return h. a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms29
35、.access i. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity30. joint venture j. an agreement by a countr/s exporters or government to limit their exports to anothercountryli 2j 3a 4f 5g 6b 7c 8e 9d lOhIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the
36、 abbreviation inEnglish.31 .AQSIQ is abbreviation for The General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and （Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局L（简称国家质检总局）|p29 （卷一）32 . international trade, also known as world trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberatee
37、xchange of goods and services across national bouodaries.P”33 Balance of trade indicates the balance between the export value and the import value in a |given period,P20 （卷四）34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸 易术语解释通则P21 （卷二）35. A packing li
38、st is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of each individual shipment.P33 （卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.31 .positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result in comp
39、romise or no agreement at all 立场型谈判 P46 （卷一）32 Contract P65 A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, which is a binding,legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties.13.offer with engagement P61 is the kind of。仟er, in which the offerors intention of making a contr
40、act is definitely indicated, and under which the offeror cannot revoke or amend what hA has offered during the validity of the offer.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.FOB- free on board （.named port of shipment）CIF-P83 cost, insura
41、nce and freight （.named port of destination）成本力H保险费力II运费（指定 目的港）CIP P89 carriage and insurance paid to （.named place of destination）运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.customs duties PP12 are taxes imposed by a government。the
42、 import or export of products |or services, whose cost factors must be taken into account by the exporter when he prices his products.（卷一）Marginal cost P115 is the variable costs per unit of the production 边际成本，是增加一单位| （outpu随即而产生的成本增加，其等于总成本的变化量除以对应产量的变化普.（莪5| Money of payment P115 is the currency
43、for settlement. 支付货币（卷三）Hard currency PP15 when the dollar is strong, we call it hard currency, which means currency is reliable and stable and more in demand.（硬货币）（卷四）Discount P117 is s certain percent of price reduction, a special favor given by the exporter tothe importer.IV. Make brief explanati
44、ons of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.31.UNCTAD is abbreviation for United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易和发展会议P27payee:P218 the payee (beneficiary) is a person who is addressed to receive the remittance.collection order P229 the collection
45、order is a standard form of authority that enables theexporter to include specific instructions to his bank regarding the documentary collection(跟单托收).V. Answer the following questions in English.36, what is the difference between international trade and domestic trade?P18|The fundamental characteri
46、stic which makes international trade different from domestic traMis that international trade involves transactions that take place across national borders. Specialproblems may arise in international trade which is not normally experienced in domestic trade:|(1) International trade usually has to be
47、conducted in foreign languages and under foreign laBsand regulations.(2) It is difficult t。obtain detailed information about the credit and financial standing of thepossible dealing partner.(3)lt is often unavoidable to use foreign currency in international trade and exchange ratevariations can be r
48、isky to international traders.|(4) Numerous culture differences may have to be taken into account in international trade.|(5) Risks level might be higher in foreign markets than that in domestic markets.，7.what are basic procedures of export business ? P22rhe basic procedures of export business may be summed up in the following three stages:|(1) preparation for export(2) Negotiation of terms and conditions for the formation
