1、大学英语四级-听力篇(2),主讲人：高业艳,上节课的测试,1.听力小词：greatest hit the cinema is a little out of the way nothing but ( 联系anything but)2：场景词汇scholarship periodical roomrush hours traffic jam express way,put throughletter of applicationoffer promotion firetake two of these pills three times a dayout of stockBargaina cl
2、earance saleSnack bar,3.听力高频词 drunk driving semester no bother to me believe it or not not at all 一点也不 all night long at the last minute at the latest for the first time have a hard time in time latest technology quite a while,单词A-B,(使)加快；促进Accelerate vi vt.汽车朝她加速冲去。the car accelerated towards her.通
3、货膨胀开始加剧。inflation started to accelerate.核心问题是压力是否会加快衰老。the key question is whether stress accelerates ageing.搭配ADV. quickly 飞快提速smoothly平稳地加速:dramatically, greatly, rapidly, sharply 高速发展；极大地发展；快速发展；飞速发展:,n.接近；通道，入口Access易于接近的人, 平易近人的人a man of easy access到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。The only access to the town is
4、across the bridge.市民可以自由使用图书馆。Citizens may have free access to the library.,习惯用语be easy hard, difficult of access 容易难接近give access to 接见; 准许出入have gain, get, obtain access to 得接近; 得会见; 得进入; 得使用搭配ADJ.direct, easy, free, good, ready, unlimited, unrestricted 直接进入；容易进入；自由使用；方便使用；容易进入；不受限制的享用:I lived dee
5、p in the country, without easy access to shops. 我远居乡村，到商店购物十分不便。,搭配v有权使用；可以接近 have 得到使用权/ 接近的机会 gain, get 给（某人）使用权/ 接近的机会；为（某人）提供使用的途径: Demand要求使用；要求得到 give (sb) , offer (sb) , provide (sb with) 寻求使用；寻求接近 seek 允许（某人）使用；准许（某人）进入allow (sb) , grant (sb) 拒绝（某人）进入/ 使用；阻止进入；限制进入；限制使用: deny sb, prevent, re
6、fuse (sb) , restrict 有些人被拒于正规医疗之外。Some people are being denied access to proper medical care. 搭配PREP. to 进入；使用:他最终获准查看病历。 He was finally granted access to the medical records.,benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴享受作为成员的好处。enjoy the benefits of being a member.这些变化对商贸有益。changes are of benefit to commerce.noobj.receive
7、an advantage; profit 得益；获利 将从复兴中受益的区域。 areas that would benefit from regeneration. with obj.bring advantage to 有益于，对有好处 . 议案将使英国得益the bill will benefit Britain。,搭配ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, major, real, substantial 很大的好处；真正的好处；实质的好处:这会为教师带来真正的好处。 This could bring real benefits for teachers.
8、 最大的好处 maximum 额外的好处: Additional相互的好处: mutual 不同的环保组织协作会对各方都有益。 The different environmental groups could work together to their mutual benefit.潜在的好处 potential 长期利益；短期利益 long-term, short-term 经济利益；环保方面的好处；财政方面的利益；对身体的益处；社会效益 tax 税项优惠economic, environmental, financial, health, social,搭配VERB + BENEFIT
9、享有利益: enjoy, have 汽车工业是首先受益于这次复苏的行业之一。 The motor industry will be one of the first to enjoy the benefits of the recovery.享有稳定的家庭环境的孩子 children who have the benefit of a stable home background 得到好处；受惠: derive, gain, get, obtain, reap, receive 公司从这笔交易中得到很大好处。The company derived substantial benefit fro
10、m the deal.所有的早期训练都对我有所裨益。 I reaped the benefits of all my early training. 带来好处: bring, offer, provide新工厂将为该地区带来相当大的好处。 The new factory will bring considerable benefits to the area.这笔交易将会让实业家和投资者受益匪浅。This deal will offer major benefits to industrialists and investors.,benefit verb搭配ADV.大有裨益；益处巨大 con
11、siderably, enormously, greatly, substantially有全部益处fully 显然有好处:clearly, obviously, undoubtedly 新法律显然使那些收入最高的人受益。The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money.,平等地惠及equally 不均衡地惠及disproportionately 直接有益：directly 我们从重组中直接得益。We benefited directly from the reorganization. 间接有益indirectly 经济上有益
12、：financially我们双方都从这一安排获得经济上的好处We both benefited financially from the arrangement. 搭配PREP.得益于from,capacity n.容量；能力；能量 capital n.资本，资金；首都 captain n.陆军上尉；队长 captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人 decay vi.腐烂；衰败 n.腐烂 deceit n.欺骗，欺诈,deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗 emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出 emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件 emit vt.散发；发射；发表 emotional a.感情
13、的，情绪的 fashionable a.流行的，时髦的 fasten vt.扎牢，扣住 fatal a.致命的；命运的 fate n.命运，天数,目 录,一、四级考试听力计分规则二、听力复习技巧三、四级听力词汇以及常用表达四、四级听力对话题型归类和应试策略五、复合式听写六、短文听力七、听力解惑,四级听力对话题型归类和应试策略,、 问题类型 、 对话内容分类、 听力长对话解题方式,问题类型,、多用来问以下内容：） 问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等，如：What is the mans answer?What does the woman want for lunch?What are
14、they talking about?What kind of books does the man want to borrow?） 问“做什么”，如：What does the woman tell the man to do first?What are the speakers doing now?What will happen if John fails the exam?,问题类型,） 问“什么含义”，如：What does the man mean (imply) ?What does the womans answer suggest?） 问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”，
15、如：What can we learn from the conversation?What can be concluded from this conversation?） 问“对某人或某事有什么看法”，如：What does the man think of Miss Brown?What does the woman think of the plan?,、节中用提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”，即：Where does this conversation most probably take place?Where does this conversation most
16、 likely occur?Where are the man and woman?,、可能问以下几个方面的情况：） 问钟点，如：Man (M): What time did yesterdays football match start?Woman (W): It was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.Question(Q): When did the game finally start?） 问在哪个星期或星期几，如：W: I thought to go to town now. I have
17、 some shopping to do.M: Dont spend too much, I wont get paid until next week.Q: When will he be paid?） 问日期，如：When will the winter vacation begin?,、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如：Why is the man late?Why did the man repair the car by himself?、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如：W: May I help you ,Sir?M: I hop
18、e so. Its my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but Ive lost the receipt.Q: Who is the man?,、主要针对以下内容提问：） 问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：How did the teacher usually begin his class?How does the man usually go to work?） 问“对某事的感受如何”，如：How does the man feel about the movie?How do you like the film?,、问“多少”，属于
19、涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式：How many persons .?How many dozens of . does . want?How much does .?How old is .?How long does it take . to .?,、 对话内容分类数字时间职业、身份和相互关系地点类否定类活动类观点态度类,数字时间,出题形式可分为计算型、辨认型和替换型。以加减计算题为主。相关词汇与表达：more, less, late, early, fast, slow, ahead of schedule, delay, postpone, decrease, bring forwa
20、rd, twice, double, a quarter, a half, the day before yesterday, by noon, half an hour,此类题型的解题技巧如下：1.速记信息。这类题目的对话中一般都不会只出现一个数字，因此一定要对出现的数字及相关要点信息进行速记。2.听清问题。做这类题目时，必须清楚地抓住问题是针对什么提问，然后才能根据记录的信息将答案对号入座。3.不要直摄答案。这类题目的答案一般都不会是原文中数字信息的再现，往往需要经过简单的运算才能得出答案。,数字时间,(1)数字计算M: Your son seems to have made much p
21、rogress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes?W: Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings too.Q: How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on?A) Once a week. C) Three times a week.B) Twice a week. D
22、) Four times a week.,职业、身份和相互关系,这种类型的题目相对比较简单。首先，四个选择往往是4种不同职业或者是表示两个对话者之间关系的词。如husband and wife, boss and secretary, librarian and student或customer and repairman等。,1.注意称呼语。对话中的称呼语往往会直接暴露出说话人的身份或说话双方的关系，比如Mr.一词就表明对方很可能是自己的上级或老师。2.捕捉关键词及人物语气。解答这类试题，不但要熟悉体现某种人物关系或某种职业的相关词汇，而且要注意说话人的语气和态度，比如师生之间、夫妻之间、家
23、长与孩子之间以及老板与员工之间的说话方式和语气均有自己的特点。,职业、身份和相互关系,1、常见的提问方式是：Whats the man/ woman?What does the man/ woman do?Whats the mans /womans job/ profession/ occupation?Whats the probable relationship between the man and woman?Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?,职业、身份和相互关系,2、相关词汇和表达：1、营业员与顾客（
24、shop assistant and customer）What can I do for you? / on sale/ Can I help you? / out of style/ ready-made/ receipt/ check-out stand/ size/ color/ fit/ look round2、饭店服务员与顾客（waiter/ waitress and customer）menu/ seasoning/ order/ treat/ go Dutch/ steak/ ham/ bill/ Dutch Treat/reserve/ make a reservation3
25、、图书管理员与学生( librarian and student)borrow/ renew/ library card/ library catalogue/ loan desk/ due/ overdue/ fine/ finish reading,职业、身份和相互关系,4、医生与病人( doctor and patient)Whats wrong?/ What seems to be the symptom ?/ Whats the matter?/ indigestion/ stomache/ be operated on/ give an injection/ chest pain/
26、 feel worn out5、教师与学生( teacher and student)tuition/ registration/ required course/ compulsory course/ optional course/ elective course/ drop out/ quit school/ credits/ attendance/pass course6、空姐与乘客（airhostess and passenger）take off/ board/ fasten seatbelt/ land/ depart/ departure time /extinguish ci
27、garettes7、老板与秘书 ( boss and secretary)copy/ make arrangement/ break down/ inform,【真题示例6】(03-1-3)A Colleagues.B Husband and wife.C Employer and employee.D Mother and son.W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Dont you remember your promise?M: This is not a game. Its only a crossword puzzle that
28、 helps increase my vocabulary.Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?,3.例题解析【例1】 W: Hi, Jack. I just came back yesterday. Anything new while Im away? M: Congratulations, Susan. Its said youll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss. Q: What is most probably the relatio
29、nship between the two speakers at the moment? A) Customer and salesman. B) Colleagues. C) Employee and boss. D) Classmates.,【例2】 W: Have you found anything wrong with my stomach? M: Not yet. I am still examining. Ill let you know the result next week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the
30、 man and the woman? A) Husband and wife. C) Doctor and patient. B) Father and daughter. D) Teacher and student.,【例3】 W: Now, would you please fill out these customs forms for each package? Please state clearly the contents and value of each, and the name and address of the returnee. Better in block
31、letters. M: There. I think Ive filled out everything correctly. Q: Whats the womans occupation? A) Doctor. B) Clerk. C) Professor. D) Waitress.,【例4】 M: May I ask the nature of your business, please? W: Im from the State Administration, and I need to talk with Mr. Jones about his building project on
32、20 Street. Q: What is the mans probable occupation? A) Waiter. B) Secretary. C) Tailor. D) Professor.,地点与方向题型,卷面线索：选项通常由（介词+）地点名词 提问方式：发生在何处，选项的形式通常为表示方位的介词（如in, at等）加上一个地点名词构成； 方向，选项的形式通常为表示方向的介词（如to, from, out of等）加上一个地点名词或者只有地点名词构成。 解题要点： 1、卷面线索判断出试题的类型。reserve，check in，check out，room ：旅馆里，size，c
33、olor，pay，discount：商店2、与方向有关的词和词组并不多，所提出的问题在形式上也可能比较简单， 务必要注意录音中的内容细节，建议在听音的同时用笔在纸上画一些草图以帮助理解。 3、与时间题不同，有的地点题可通过逻辑判断猜出正确的答案，平时要注意这方面能力的培养。,【真题示例】(新06-6-15)A At a clinic.B In a supermarket.C At a restaurant.D In an ice-cream shop.M: Ill have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream f
34、or dessert.W: Oh-oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?,【例1】 W: How long have you known Susan? M: Ive known her about three years. I met her in the library
35、where we used to read, but now I can only see her on the campus occasionally. Q: Where did Susan often go to read? A) In the library. B) In the college. C) On the campus. D) In the classroom.,【例2】 M: Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awf
36、ul! It was miles from the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty. W: Sorry about that. But its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place? A) At the airport. B) In a travel age
37、ncy. C) In a hotel. D) At home,【例3】 M: Good afternoon. This is Edward Miller at the Sun Valley Health Center. Id like to speak to Mr. Adams, please. W: Mr. Miller, my husband isnt at home. I can give you his business phone if youd like to call him at work. Q: Where is Mr. Adams now? A）At the Sun Val
38、ley. B) At the Health Center. C) At home. D) At the office.,【例4】 M: Now, Miss, do you feel all right now? What happened? W: Yes, Im fine now. I was just at the motorway. I was driving along the main road when suddenly right before the crossroads I met the car came out at the side street. I didnt see
39、 him until he hit me. Q: Where was the car before it hit the woman? A）In the side street. B) At the crossroads. C) On the main road. D) On the motorway.,【例5】 W: I just stopped by at your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit. Where are you working now? M: I am working for a lawyer now.
40、The pay is better and the work is much more interesting. Q: Where did the man work before? A） In a court . B) On the farm. C) In a bank. D) In a shop.,例6：M: I need to cash this check?W: Will you step right over to the tellers window, please?Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place? A）
41、 In a court . B) On the farm. C) In a bank. D) In a shop.,否定类,此类对话既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词，也有 but,although等转折词，或由would rather,too.to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如：M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?W: I wish I could help you. I went shopping yesterday. Now I have only two dollars
42、till the end of the week.Q: Will the man borrow any money from the woman?,活动类,这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种 情况。如：W: Are you going to New York next weekend?M: Yes, Im going to look up Bill while Im there.Q: Whats the man going to do?这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择,观点态度类,特征通常表现在以下两个方面：1、选项一般为完整的句子。 2、某
43、一选项可能含有think, should, agree (disagree), share . opinion , like (dislike), will等词。其提问方式有： What did the woman/man say about .? Whats the womans/mans attitude towards / opinion about .? What does the woman/man mean/imply (by saying .)? What did the woman/man think of .? What does the man think the woma
44、n should do?,策略：1、凡在选项中出现agree (disagree), share . opinion , like (dislike)之类的词语的题是判断第二个说话的人是否同意第一个说话的人的观点的，在听的时候要重点注意第二个人所说的话，尤其是言外之意 。平时还要掌握表示赞同和反对的习语，如： You can say it again. I cant agree more. Im not sure. I doubt . Id rather .,2、对于选项中出现mean, think, will (表意愿)的题，通常有两种情况：其一是说话人用了虚拟语气来表达其愿望；其二是找一个
45、借口（用but来引导）来拒绝对方的邀请、建议等。因此平时要对虚拟语气非常熟悉，考试时才能听得出来。,3.观点态度类试题的选项中一般都含有一些引出观点态度的动词或短语，常见的有：think, believe, find, guess, imagine, consider, as far as I know等。根据这类线索词判断出试题类型以后，可以更有针对地留意说话人对自己观点态度的陈述。4.熟悉表示观点态度的常见词语。表示赞成：approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable, favorable表示反对：disapprove, disagree,
46、unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish表示赞赏：admire，appreciate，think much of, think highly of表示喜欢：love, enjoy, wonderful，fascinating, funny, be fond of, be keen on,表示厌烦：dislike, bored/ boring, be tired of表示关心：concerned, careful, care about表示怨恨或生气：hate, hatred, angry, anger, initiated表示害怕或担心：fearful, fr
47、ightened, worried, nervous表示批评或讽刺：critical, criticize, ironic，find fault with表示失望或灰心：disappointed, discouraged表示后悔或遗憾：regret, regretful, pity, shame表示漠然或热情：indifferent, detached, careless, enthusiastic表示积极或消极：active, positive, negative表示自信或自负：confident, arrogant, proud表示乐观或悲观：optimistic, pessimistic,
