1、句子种类专项考点知识精讲句子种类陈述句启7E句I like apples.否定句I dont like bananas.疑问句一般疑问句Do you usually go to school by bike ?选择疑问句Would you like tea or coffee?反义疑问句He finished his homework, didnt he?特殊疑问句How often do you play basketball?祈使句let引导的祈使句Let me help you.祈使句的否定Dont eat in class.加强语气的祈使句Do be quiet for a momen
2、t.感叹句what引导的感叹句What a brave boy he is!how引导的感叹句How beautiful the flowers are!感叹句的省略What a brave boy!陈述句转换为感叹 句She is a good student.What a good student she is!what与how引导的感叹句的转换What an interesting book it is! How interesting the book is!按用途分,句子可分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。考点一陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。陈述句分为肯定式
3、和否定式两种,句末用句号,读时用降调,有五种基本句型。1.陈述句的肯定式的形式(1)主语+系动词+表语We are happy.我们很快乐。注:系动词有三类,具体如下:表状态:be, seem, appear偎得),go(变成),stand(坐落),stay(保持),lie(位于),keep(保持)表感官:look(看上去),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),feel(感觉工taste(尝起来)表变化:get(变得),become(成为),turn(变成),grow(渐渐变成),come(成为)(2)主语+不及物动词They are reading. 他们在看书。(3)主语+及物动词
4、+宾语I teach English.我教英语。(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语表物,间接宾语表人。一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引导的短语(强调动作是“向谁”做的),或由for引导的短语(强调动作是“为谁”做的)。He gave me a book.= He gave a book to me. 他给我一本书。能带双宾语的动词中多数在间接宾语前加to,这样的动词有:give(给),pass(传、递),take(拿去),bring (带来),show(出示、展现),lend (借给),sell(出售)等。带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加for的动词有:buy(购买),make(制作/
5、造),build(建造),mend (修理),cook(烹饪)等。My mother bought me a present.=My mother bought a present for me.我妈妈给我买了件礼物。(5)主语及物动词宾语宾补Youd better tell the students not to make so much noise.你最好告诉学生们不要这么大声吵闹。带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有: tell , ask, order, want 等。省略 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有: feel , hear, see, notice , have/make/let 等
6、。2否定句(1)含 be 动词、助动词、情态动词的否定。如果句子的谓语动词是be, have、助动词或情态动词,在它们之后加 not构成否定句。Tom cant swim. 汤姆不会游泳。(2)行为动词的否定。如果句子的动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词,在谓语前加 do 的相应形式后再加not。They didnt want to take pictures.他们不想拍照片。(3)还可用 nothing 等否定代词, no 等否定形容词和little, few, hardly 等半否定词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用来表示否定。I can hardly understand what you
7、said.我几乎听不明白你说的。(4)在“ I think/believe that 从句”的句型中,若想否定从句动词的含义,必须采用否定主句动词 think 的形 式,这叫否定的转移。We/I dont think its true. 我们 /我认为那不是真的。考点二 疑问句疑问句用于提出问题。 句末用问号(? ), 可分为四种: 一般疑问句、 选择疑问句、 反意疑问句和特殊疑问句。1一般疑问句是可用Yes 或 No 来回答的问句。它总是以 be(is , am, are, was, were) , have(has, had) ,情态动词或助动词开头。有时也可用“ Not at all,
8、Certainly等回答。 Would you like some more? 你想再来一些吗? No , thanks. Im full. 不,谢谢。我饱了。2选择疑问句的结构有两种:(1) 以一般疑问句为基础,用 or 来连接不同的选择对象; (2) 以特殊疑问句为基础,在其后用 or 来连接不同的选择对象。Shall we go to see you or will you come to see us?是我们去看你们,还是你们来看我们?Which would you like better, tea or milk?你喜欢喝哪个,茶还是牛奶?3 反意疑问句是提出情况或看法,问对方是否同
9、意的句子。一般由两部分组成: “陈述句简略问句?”这两部分的肯定与否定形式正好相反,即:“肯定的陈述句+否定的简略问句?”“否定的陈述句+肯定的简略问句?”(1)反意疑问句主语及谓语的确定。反意疑问句主语与谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据,尤其是要注意一些特殊的情况,同时,简略问句部分的主语一般应用人称代词,而动词若为否定形式则一般应用缩略形式。陈述部分含有never, few, little , nothing , nobody , no, hardly, none, too.to.等表示否定意义的词时,其附加问句应用肯定形式。 但否定意义的词是careless, dislike 等
10、含否定词缀的派生词时, 仍按肯定句对待,后边的简略问句用否定形式。There are few people in the room, are there?房间里几乎没有人,是吗?陈述句部分是“there be”结构时,疑问部分用“be there”。There is a tree in front of the building, isnt there?楼前面有一棵树,是吗?当陈述部分的主语为指事(物)的不定代词something , anything , everything 等时,附加问句的主语应用 it 。Something is wrong with your computer , i
11、snt it?你的电脑出毛病了,是吗?当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词 somebody, anybody , everybody 等时,附加问句的主语可用 he 强调个体或 they 强调全部,但不可用 it 来代替。Somebody wants to see you, doesnt he?有人要见你,是吗?当陈述部分的主语为 this, that 等时,附加部分的主语应用 it 。类似地,当陈述部分的主语为these, those等时,附加部分的主语应用 they 。This is a beautiful picture, isnt it?这是一幅美丽的图画,是吗?Those arent
12、apple trees, are they?那些不是苹果树,是吗?当陈述部分动词为have(has)时有下列几种情况:I . have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意,附加问句的谓语可用 have,也可用助动词do。Tom has a new watch, doesnt he (hasnt he)? 汤姆有块新表,是吗?n .have to表示“不得不” “必须”之意时,附加问句的谓语应用助动词do。Kate has to help her mother at home, doesnt she? 凯特不得不在家帮她妈妈,是吗?出.have表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时,其附加问句的谓语应用助动词
13、do。They have a good time in Beijing, dont they ? 他们在北京玩得很愉快,是吗?IV .had better表示“最好”之意,当其用在陈述部分时,附加问句的谓语动词应用had。Wed better stop talking, hadnt we? 我们最好停止说话,好吗?V .have用在完成时中,其附加问句的谓语动词应用have。Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasnt she? 露西曾经去过日本,是吗?当陈述部分含有 need时,如果need用作行为动词,则附加问句的动词应用 do;如果need用作情态动词,则附加问句
14、的动词应用 need。We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7 : 00, dont we? 我们需要在七点到达上海,是吗?We neednt leave at once, need we? 我们不必马上离开,是吗?当陈述部分含有情态动词 must 时,有下列几种情况:I .must表示必须”之意,附加问句的谓语用neednt。They must come on time, neednt they?他们必须准时到,是吗? .must表示推测,意为“一定,想必”,附加问句的谓语动词的确定应根据must后面的动词。如:That man must be Mr Wang,
15、isnt he? 那个人想必是王先生,是吗?当陈述部分为I (am)形式时,附加问句部分应该用arent I。如:Im right, arent I ?我是对的,是吗?陈述句部分若为主从复合句,疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。如:didnt she?She said he would come tomorrow她说他明天会来,是吗?注:若主句的主语是第一人称 I/we ,其谓语动词又是think , suppose, expect, believe , imagine 等,疑问部分的主语一般与从句的主语一致。 (应特别注意否定的转移 )I think he is a good studen
16、t , isnt he? 我认为他是一个好学生,是吗?We dont think you are right, are you? 我们认为你不对,是吗?(2)反意疑问句的答语。反意疑问句作回答时,如果答案肯定则用 yes,后跟肯定形式的简略回答方式;若答案否定则用no,后跟否定形式的简略回答方式。即其回答与一般疑问句的回答方式完全一致。特别注意有时要根据具体的语境来确定回答应为肯定形式还是否定形式。 Lucy skates very well, doesnt she? 露西滑冰非常好,是吗? Yes, she does. 是的,她是。 You dont like the man, do you
17、? 你不喜欢这个人,是吗? No , I dont. 是的,我不喜欢。4 特殊疑问句是以疑问词引出的问句。一般为疑问语序: “疑问词一般疑问句?”回答时要具体作答,不能用yes或no来回答。语序: (1) 当疑问词或由其所修饰的词不作主语时,用一般疑问句语序; (2) 当疑问词或由其所修饰的词作主语时用陈述句语序。疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,要用陈述语序:“疑问词(+主语)+谓语+动词(+.)?”Who broke the door? 谁弄坏了门?Which boy runs the fastest? 哪个男孩跑得最快?问姓名、职业、外貌长相、性格、体重等用 what提问;问身体状况、年龄、身
18、高、工作、生活情况等用 how 来提问。问外貌“Whats.like ?”或“What do(does) .look like ?” ;问性格“ What do(does) .think of. ?” ;问年龄 w What age(Whatsage)?或How old. ?问体重Whatsweight ? ( What weight. ?”);问 身体状况“ How. ?” ;问身高“How tall. ?” ;问工作生活情况“ How are(is) .getting on?”询问钟点用 what time ,问何时用 when ,问星期用 what day(of the week) .
19、,问日期用whats the date.。询问一段延续的时间有多长 (久)用how long,答语用“ for +一段时间”或“ since+过去时间点”;问某事 过多久将会发生用 how soon,答语用“ in +一段时间”;问某个动作重复发生的频率间隔用how often,答语用“次数十时间,如three times a day”等;问总共的次数用 how many times,答案用“基数+ times”等。 How long will it take us to get there by bus? 我们坐公共汽车到那要多长时间? About two hours. 大约两小时。询问数量
20、时, 对可数事物用 how many , 对不可数事物用 how much, 问人口用 “ Whats the population of 地区?”此外how much 还可以用来询问“多少钱” 。 How much is a ticket for the film Hacker n? 黑客 n的票价是多少? About forty yuan. 大约四十元。Whats the population of Liaocheng? 聊城有多少人口?询问距离用how far (away)。询问颜色用what colour 。询问号码用what number 或whats.number ;What nu
21、mber is your car? 你的车号是多少?Whats your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少? 考点三 祈使句you 习惯上常省略,而由动词原形引出。否定祈使句1祈使句是表示命令、请求或劝告等的句子。听话者是在动词原形前加缩写的dont;还可在动词原形前加Do或Never来加强语气。Do help me. 一定要帮我。2祈使句后,还可以加一个简略问句。祈使句为否定结构时,后加“will you ?” 。祈使句为肯定结构时,表邀请则加wont you ?”,表请求可用will you ? /would you ? /can you ? /cant you ?”
22、等。Lucy , you clean the blackboard today , will you?露西,你今天擦黑板,好吗?3 以 Lets 开头的句子, us 的缩写“ s” 包括说话人和听话人 “双方” , 后半部分的简略问句用 “ shall we ?”以 Let us 开头的句子, us 仅指说话人“一方” ,其后的简略问句用“ will you ?” 。Lets go and see him after school, shall we? 让我们放学后去看他,好吗?Let us look at your photo , will you? 让我们看看你的照片,好吗?考点四感叹句1
23、感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情。这种句子一般用how 或 what 开头,都用陈述语序,后加感叹号“!” ,读降调。2.感叹句中,how(多么)作状语,修饰形容词或副词;what(多么)作定语,修饰名词,名词前可有不定冠词a(an)和形容词。(1)How 形容词/副词 ( 主语谓语)!How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!(2)How 主语谓语!(3)How +形容词+ a或an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!(4)What a或an(+形容词)+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!What an interesting book the girl has!那女孩有一本多有趣的书啊
24、!(5)What (形容词)复数可数名词/不可数名词( 主语谓语)!What natural things they are !它们是多么自然的东西呀!陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句考点训练1 do you have an Art Festival in your school? Once a year.A How long B How often C How far D How soon【解析】本题考查由 how 构成的特殊疑问短语辨析。 how long 提问时间长度, “多久” ; how often 提问时间频率, “多久一次” ; how far 提问距离, “多远” ; how s
25、oon 提问将来的一段时间, “多久以后” 。 根据答语 “ Once a year.”可知问句是询问频率,故选 B。【答案】 B2Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning , ? No. She got up too late.A had she B hadnt she C did she D didnt she【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。本题陈述部分中含有表否定意义的不定代词 nothing ,根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则,故要用肯定形式来反问;又因整个句子是行为动词的一般过去时态,需用助动词 did 。故 选 C。【答案】 C3 You
26、ve just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part , ?A shall we B will you C do you D are you【解析】本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。根据句子Please get yourself ready for the next part.“请:判断该句为祈使句。肯定祈使句的反意疑问句常用 will you 或 wont you 来表达,故选 B。【答案】 B4Have you ever been to Nanning? Yes, .A I was B
27、I do C I am D I have【解析】本题考查一般疑问句的答语。因问句“你曾经去过南宁吗?”是现在完成时的一般疑问句,肯定回答要用“ Yes, I have.” 。故选 D 。【答案】 D5 great scientist Qian Xuesen is!A How B How a C What D What a【解析】本题考查感叹句。句子的中心词是名词,应用 what 引导感叹句; scientist 是可数名词单数,故前面加不定冠词a。【答案】 D6 did you sleep last night? Only five hours.I stayed up late to do m
28、y homework.A How soon B How often C How long D How much【解析】本题考查how引导的短语辨析。how soon 多久以后,提问in+一段时间”;how often 多久一次” ,提问频率; how long “多长” ,提问一段时间或距离; how much “多少” ,提问不可数名词的数量或价格。由答语中的“只有5 个小时”知选 C 。【答案】 C7 buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there.A Not B Not to C Dont D D
29、ont to【解析】句意为“不要从自动售票机买票了。那儿的人太多了。 ”本题考查祈使句的用法。 buy 为实义动词,否定的祈使句应在其前加dont。【答案】 C8 I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. Shes from America , ?A has she B isnt she C hasnt she D does she【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的基本结构是“前肯后否, 前否后肯” , 本题前面部分为肯定句,shes是she is的缩写,故选 B。【答案】B9 will your mother
30、 come back? In two days.A How often B How soonC How long D How far【解析】本题考查易混疑问副词短语。how often 多久一次,提问频率;how soon 多久以后,提问in一段时间” ; how long “多久,多长” ,提问长度或者一段时间; how far “多远” ,提问距离。由答语“两天之后”可知用 how soon 提问。【答案】 B10Li Mei usually helps others , ? Yes, she is kindhearted.A does she B is she C doesnt she【
31、解析】本题考查反意疑问句。陈述部分用了肯定形式,根据“前肯后否”的原则,疑问部分要用否定形式。故选C 。【答案】C11 Look at the photo of the Smiths.happy they are!A How B What C How a D What a【解析】本题考查感叹句。句子的中心词是形容词,故用 how 引导感叹句。【答案】 A12The CCTV reported that Premier Wen Jiabao played basketball with some students on Childrens Day. ! And Premier Wen alway
32、s encourages us to study hard and do more sports.A What amazing news B How amazing news C What an amazing news【解析】本题考查感叹句。句子的中心词是名词,要用 what 引导感叹句,故排除B 项; news 是不可数名词,不能用 a 或 an 修饰,因此C 项也被排除。故选 A 项。【答案】 A13 You can hardly understand me , you?A cant B can C are D dont【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。 hardly 意为“几乎不” ,具有否
33、定意义。根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则,疑问部分要用肯定形式;陈述部分用了情态动词can,疑问部分应与其一致。故选 B。【答案】 B14 smoke here, dad. Smoking has been banned in public places.A Dont be B Dont C Not to be D Be not【解析】本题考查祈使句的否定形式。祈使句除了以 let 开头的外,其他的否定形式是在句首加Dont 。故选 B。【答案】 B15 Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.A he was now happy B how
34、 happy he was C how was he happy D he was happy now【解析】句意为“ Franklin 告诉他们所有人他再次来到英国是多么高兴。 ”本题考查宾语从句的用法。本题中的宾语从句是感叹句,且要用陈述语序,故选 B 。【答案】 B16 Your English teacher has never lost his temper , he?A has B hasnt C did D didnt【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循“三同一反”的原则:人称相同,助动词相同,时态相同,前肯后否,前否后肯。由 never(从不)知用“前否后肯
35、”原则,附加问句部分的时态同陈述句,故用has。【答案】 A17Mr. Wangs never been to Canada, has he? .He went there on business last week.A No , he hasnt B Yes, he has C No , he has D Yes, he hasnt【解析】本题考查反意疑问句的答语。反意疑问句要根据具体语境确定是肯定回答还是否定回答,回答方式与一般疑问句回答方式一致。句意为“王先生从来没有去过加拿大,是吗?” “不,他去过。上周他去那儿出差了。 ”【答案】 B18 bad weather it is!A Ho
36、w B How a C What D What a【解析】本题考查感叹句。句子的中心词是名词,要用 what 引导感叹句; weather 是不可数名词,不能用a/an 修饰。故选 C。【答案】 C19 fine day it is! Lets go and fly a kite.A What B What a C How D How a【解析】 本题考查感叹句的用法。 感叹句结构: What a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语! What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!How 形容词 /副词主语谓语!故本题选 B。【答案
37、】 B20 does your sister look like? She is tall with long hair.A Who B What C Which D How【解析】本题考查特殊疑问句。由答语“她高个儿留着长发”可知,此处询问外貌特征,用句型“ What do/does 主语look like ?” ,意为“某人看起来什么样子?” 。【答案】 B21You didnt go to school yesterday, did you? , though there was a heavy rain.A Yes, I did B No, I didnt C Yes, I didnt
38、 D No, I did【解析】本题考查反意疑问句的答语。反意疑问句的回答和一般疑问句一样。本题中肯定式:Yes, I did.否定式: No, I didnt. 又由答语后面的“尽管有一场大雨” ,可见是仍然上学了,用肯定式。所以选择答案 A 。 【答案】 A22 good job she does! She is really a clever girl.A What B How C What a D How a【解析】本题考查感叹句。感叹句由How + adj./adv.或 What+noun phrase构成。题中job是可数名词单数,故选择C。【答案】 C23He didnt go
39、to the lecture this morning, did he? .Though he was not feeling very well.A No, he didnt B Yes, he did C No, he did D Yes, he didnt【解析】本题考查反意疑问句的答语。对于反意疑问句的回答,我们要根据客观事实来判断。如果事实是肯定的用yes,否定的用no。本题的意思是“他尽管身体不舒服,可是还是去听讲座了。”事实成立。故选B。【答案】 B24Lets go fishing after the exam , ? Sounds great!A will you B sha
40、ll we C wont you【解析】本题考查基本句式用法。以 Lets 开头的句子,后面的附加问句用“ shall we ?” ;以 Let us 开头的句子,其后的附加问句用“ will you ” 。所以选择答案B 。【答案】 B25There are always many volunteers in great events, ? Yes.Many hands make light work!A arent thereB are thereC arent they【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。前半句是there are的肯定形式,故反问部分应用there are疑问句式的否定形式,即
41、 arent there。【答案】 A26 They were all so tired that they could .A do nothing but sleep B do anything but sleepC do nothing but to sleep D do anything but to sleep【解析】本题考查句意的理解。nothing but 除之外(没有)。本题题意是“他们是如此的累以至于他们 除了睡觉什么都没有做。 ”选 A 。【答案】 A27 more, and youll improve your spoken English.A SpeakB Speaks
42、C Speaking D To speak【解析】本题考查祈使句。横线部分在句子中作谓语;祈使句谓语通常用动词原形。【答案】 A28Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. pleasant surprise this gave her classmates!A What B How C What a D How a【解析】本题考查感叹句的用法。题意为“在歌唱比赛中凯特赢得了第一名。 ” “这给了她的同学们一个惊喜!”,句子的中心词是名词,首先排除B和D, surprise是可数名词单数,因此答案为 C。【答案】 C29
43、Tshirt do you like better , the red one or the blue one? I prefer the red one.A How much B How many C Whose D Which【解析】本题考查疑问词。由答语“我更喜欢那件红色的。 ”知问句应是“你更喜欢哪件T 恤,红色的还是蓝色的?” ,故选 D 。【答案】 D30 will the supper be ready? Im very hungry. In a minute.A How soon B How long C How much D How often【解析】由答语In a minu
44、te 可知,问句应是在将来时态中对时间段提问,故选 A 。【答案】 A31Jimmy lost his key yesterday. ? Its his third time in just one month.A Has he B Did he C Was he D Does he【解析】上文用的是一般过去时,上下文的时态应一致,故选 B 。【答案】 B32 I used to love this film when I was young, but I it that way any more.A dont feel B didnt feel C havent feltD hadnt fe
45、lt【解析】句意为“我年轻的时候喜欢看这部电影,但现在我不那么觉得了。 ”由 not any more 知 feel 应发生 在现在,故选 A 。【答案】 A33All of you have passed the test! pleasant news you have told us!A How B How a C What D What a【解析】news 是不可数名词,感叹句应用what 引导,且不用冠词。【答案】C34Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now, ? , she becomes wellknown because of her success on B