1、被 动 语 态 详 解,主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,主语,by+宾语,be+过去分词,Our classroom,is cleaned,by us,every day,（被动）,主动语态变
2、被动语态的方法,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3、 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,do/does,did,amisare doing,waswere doing,will do,would do,havehas done,had done,amisare done,waswere done,amisare being done,will be done,would be done,havehas been done,had been done,waswere being done,canmust do,canmust
4、be done,1. Change each sentence into the passive voice:A car knocked him down yesterday.Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical teamWhen I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,He was knocked down by a car yesterday. The medical team is made up of two doctors and ten nurses A fallen t
5、ree was being cut up when I got there.,4)Well put on the play next Sunday,The play will be put on next Sunday,5) Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6) They had completed the railway by the end of last year,A new teaching building is being built in our school. The railway had b
6、een completed by the end of last year,7) We should protect the earth,The earth should be protected,8) People grow rice in the south of the country.,Rice is grown in the south of the country.,主动式表被动义,The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. ha
7、s washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,B,C,动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表示被动义。,read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,Quiz 1,Quiz 11. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. i
8、s sounding C. is sounded D. sounds,C,D,Correcting mistake,2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,4)A fire was
9、broken out last night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,had been damaged,is now being built,broke out,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day8)His plan is sounded good9)Your coat needs being washed,beg
10、ins,sounds,to be washed / washing,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next weekAare to be held B. is to be heldC. are holdingDwill hold,Multiple choice,B,2. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired,A,3Eve
11、ry possible means _, but none _ successfulA. has tried; has provedBtried; provesC. has been tried; provesD. is being tried; is proved,C,4In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kept,A,9) They will send cars abroad by sea. 10) They will give plenty of jobs t
12、o school-leavers.,Cars will be sent abroad by sea.,Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.,11) The radio is broadcasting English lessons.12) We are painting the rooms. 13) Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road.,English lessons are being broadcasted on
13、the radio.,The rooms are being painted.,Because the road was being mended.,14) This time last year we were planting trees here. 15) Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. 16) We have brought down the price.,Trees were being planted here this time last year.,I have been told the sports
14、 meet might be put off.,The price has been brought down.,17)You must hand in your compositions after class.,Your compositions must be handed in after class.,18) He can write a great many letters with the computer.,A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.,几种特殊结构1. My uncle gave m
15、e a gift on my birthdayIA gift,I was given a gift on my birthdayA gift was given to me on my birthday.,含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词.,2. The manager found the cook smoking in the kitchen. The cook was found smoking in the kitchen by the manage
16、r She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带t
17、o，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。,3. 系动词，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。,在汉语中
18、，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说 据报导 据推测 希望 众所周知 普遍认为 有人建议 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,It is generally considered that ,It is said that ,It is reported that ,It is hoped that ,It is well known that ,It is s
19、uggested that ,It is supposed that ,Quiz 2,Quiz 2The shop _ at 6 am. every day A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is openingWork _ at 7 pm. yesterday A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended,A,B,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teac
20、h, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was shown to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us.,
