1、长难句分析1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they haveto be acquired by a sort of special training.要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined that , and that。这是典型的句型 it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause 。it 是形式主 语，句子真正的主 语是两个并列的
2、that 引导的主语从句，由 连词 and 连接。 operation 此处不能译成 “操作 ”，根据上下文 应译成 “活动 ”， 这里的 processes 要译成 “思 维过程 ”，而不能简单地理解成 “过程 ”。译文：许多人认为，普通人的思 维活动根本无法与科学家的思 维过程相比， 认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练 才能掌握。2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure scienceat the expense of technology or vice versa(反之 ) often depends
3、 on theissue of which is seen as the driving force.要点：句子的框架是 whether or often depends on。whether or引导了主语从句作句子的主 语，financing这里根据上下文要 译成 “经费 投入 ”；介词结构 of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语 theissue 的后置定 语， of 介词结构中又包含了 which 引导的介词宾语从句。译 文：政府究竟是以减少 对技术的经费投入来增加 对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反， 这往往取决于把哪一方看作是 驱动的力量3
4、how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.要点：句子的框架是 how depends on and on 。句子的主 语由 how 引导的主语从句担任； 谓语动词词组 depends on 后面跟了两个由 and 连接的并列宾语，在第二
5、个 宾语中，介 词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom 。译 文：这些预测在多大程度上 为后来的表 现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解 释这些信息的技能和才智4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniquesappropriate to the various branches of historic
6、al inquiry.要点：句子的框架是 there is no agreement whether or。主句是 there isno agreement, agreement 后面紧跟了由 whether 引导的同位 语从句作同位 语；在同位语从句中， 谓语动词 短语 refers to 跟了两个由 连词 or 连接的并列 宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the researchtechniques appropriate to the various branches of historical
7、inquiry。在第一个宾语中，形容 词词组 peculiar to historical work和介词词组 in general作后置定 语修饰 the concepts ；在第二个 宾语中同样有形容词词组 appropriate to of historical inquiry 作后置定 语修饰the researchtechniques。译 文：所谓方法论是指一般的 历史研究中的特有概念， 还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人 们对此意见不一。5 furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s econo
8、my isdirectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , andthat this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists ofall kinds.要点：句子的框架是 furthermore,it is obvious that, and that 。这 是典型的句型 it + is + obvious + that clause。 it是形式主 语，真正的主 语是由连词and 连接的两个并列的主 语从句： a.
9、that the strength isbound with ; b.and that this rests upon the efforts。第一个主 语从句中的 词组 bebound up with是 “与 有关联 ”之意；在第二个主 语从句中，代 词this 指代前文的 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为 “效率的提高 ”。译 文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的 经济实 力与其工 农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高 则又有赖于各种科技人 员的努力 .6 what could be a key to jet lag and wi
10、nter blues is the hormonemelatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.要点：句子的框架是 what is the hormone melatonin which is。 what引导了一个主 语从句，而 谓语部分中由 which 引导了非限制性定 语从句 hormone melatonin 。句中 jet-lag 是“时差综合症 ”，blues 不能译成“蓝色”，而是 “忧 郁”之意。译 文：能解除 时差综合症和冬季 忧郁症的关 键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人 们知道这种激素能 够调节人体节奏。7 there are n
11、ow 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, anddemographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, apopulation bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.要点：句子的框架是 there are kids, and demographers predict that。这 是一个并列复合句， 在第二个并列分句中， 谓语动词 predict 后面跟了一个 that引导的宾语从句；在 that 宾语从句中，a popu
12、lation bigger than even the babyboom at its peak是35 million teens的同位语。译 文：12 岁至19 岁年龄组的孩子目前有 3100 万，人口学家 预测，到 2010 年他们将达到 3500 万，比二 战后生育高峰期出生的孩子 还多.8 it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.要点：句子的框
13、架是 it seemed but what was that 。句子由 but 连接的两个并列分句构成： a. It seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared tobe happening was that 在第二个分句中， what 引导了主语从句担任主 语， that 引导了表语从句。这里injection 不能译成“注射 ”，根据上下文要 译成 “注入 ”。译 文：地球内的断 层正在被人 们注入的液体所 润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发生。9 it is scarcely surprising, then, that educ
14、ation systems have for severaldecades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground thateducation prepares people to live in an already outdated society.要点：句子的框架是 it is surprising that education system havebeen criticized, on the groundthat。it 是形式主 语，真正的主 语是that 引导的主语从句，而主 语从句又包含了 that 引导的同位语从
15、句 thateducation prepares people to live in an already outdated society作介词词组 on the ground中 ground 的同位语， ground 这里的意思是 “根据 ”。译 文：那么教育体制在 过去几十年中受到 严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊 讶了，批评者的部分根据是， 这种教育培养人 们在一种已 过时的社会中生存。10 there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of bothindividuals and societies derives from
16、 what we retoableput into life,rather than what we try to get out of it.要点：句子的框架是 there are grounds for thinking that the healthderives from what , rather than what 。介词结构for thinking中包含了 that 引导的宾语从句作分 词 thinking 的宾语；而这个宾语从句中又包含了两个并列的介 词宾语从句： a. what we re able to put into life; b. what we try toget
17、 out of it.两个宾语从句由 rather than 连接。译 文：至于个人和社会的健康可以以 这样的理由来衡量，我 们对生活能够付出多少而不是我 们能向生活取得多少。11 it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.要点：句子的框架是 it becomes that
18、, if , there will have to be 。 it 是形式主 语，that 引导的主语从句是句子的真正主 语，在 that 从句中， if 引导了条件状语从句。译 文：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他 们（上大学）的机会，就得 为他们提供大量关于 课程的更为详尽的信息，做更多的指 导。这个问题显 得越来越重要了。12 experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve c
19、hildren of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.要点：句子的框架是 experts are debating whether we should, orencourage 。句子的主 语部分是 expertsare debating，而 whetheror 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词 are debating 的宾语 。其中 burden with 是 “使 背上 负担”之意；在后半句 or encourage the use of calculators torelieve children of ha
20、rd work and free their minds to understand mathconcepts中，两个并列的不定式短语 to relieve of 和to free tounderstand作目的状 语 。另外，词组 relieve somebody of something指 “减轻 ”。译文：我们应该用心算来增加孩子 们的负担，还是应该鼓励他 们使用计算器来减 轻其繁重的学 习任务，使他 们不再费神去理解（抽象的）数学概念， 专家们对此尚未达成一致。13 the announcement by boeing that it has decided to scrap plan
21、s to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an endto one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering.要点：句子的框架是 the announcement that is has decided brings anend to。主语the announcement后面跟了一个 that 引导的同位 语从句，在that 从句中，动词不定式短 语to bu
22、ild called the sonic cruiser作plan 的后置定语，而不定式短 语中的过去分词短语 called the sonic cruiser作plane 的后置定语；破折号之后的 and some say是插入语。译 文：波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫 “音速游艇 ”的新潮、高速 飞机的计划，这一决定使近年来航空工程中最富想象力 还 有人称纯属空想的 计划落了空。14 a religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared
23、 Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.要点：句子的框架是 a religious sect declared that, but it offered 。这个句子中，由 but 连接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句中，由that 引导的定语从句 that contends that by cloning themselves修饰先行词 a religioussect ，而定语从句中又包含了 that 引导的宾
24、语从句作动词 contends 的宾语 。译 文：一个宣称人 类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教 组织于星期五宣布第一个克隆人已出生，但它没有 谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何 证据。15 yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious anddelicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度） of light did not vary.要点：定 语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构，翻译成前置的定 语词组。译 文：然而在任何物理学家所 进行过的精细巧妙的实验中，都没有 发现这种影响：光速没有 变化。
