1、(英语)中考英语定语从句( 一) 解题方法和技巧及练习题一、定语从句1The story _ I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.A whose【答案】 CB whoC thatD where【解析】【详解】句意:我在报纸上读到的那个故事是关于青少年的一个普遍问题。考查定语从句的先行词。这里指代我在报纸上所读的故事,用that 作为定语从句的先行词。故选C。2The We Chat is an inventionfeelings freely.A whichB whocan help people
2、 talk to friends, share photos, ideas andC whoseD /【答案】 A【解析】试题分析:句意:微信是可以帮助人们和朋友自由地聊天,分享照片,想法和感觉。这是一个定语从句,先行词是物invention ,关系词可以用which 或者 that ,但是先行词在从句做主语, that 不可以省略。故选A。考点:考查定语从句的用法。3Do you have books about famous scientists _ are suitable for children to read?A whatB whichC whoD whom【答案】 B【解析】【详
3、解】句意 “你有关于科学家方面的适合小孩子读的书吗?”。本题考查定语从句。A.定语从句中没有 what ; B.which 指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C.who 指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;D.whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。根据句意可知,先行词为books 指物,在从句中作主语,故选B。4The boys _ from America like ChinaA who isB areC which isD who are【答案】 D【解析】【详解】句意:这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构,可排除B 项。空白处做主语the boys 的后置定语,先行词the boys
4、是人,不可用which (用于先行词是物时),需用who 引导; the boys 是复数人称,系词需用are;根据句意结构,可知选D。5What are you looking for?I m looking for the book _ you bought last Sunday.A whoB whenC that【答案】 C【解析】句意: 你正在寻找什么?我正在寻找上周日你买的那本书。who 引导定语从句 ,修饰人,作定语从句的主语或宾语;when 引导定语从句,作状语;that 引导定语从句,修饰事物或人,作主语或宾语。此处修饰的先行词the book 是事物,作定语从句谓语boug
5、ht 的宾语,故用that 引导定语从句,故选C。6I like the writers _are popular among teenagers. A who B whichC whom【答案】A【解析】句意:我喜欢受青少年欢迎的作家。本题考查定语从句。先行词是the writers,关系代词在定语从句中作主语且指人,故选A 项。7The girlcatches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.A whomB whichC whoD whose【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人,作从句的宾语;w
6、hich指物,作从句的主语或宾语;who 指人,作从句的主语或宾语;whose 即指人也指物,作从句的定语,后跟名词。根据动词 “catches可”推断关系词作从句的主语,而“the girl指人”,故选C。8 Do you like the weekly talk show , The Readers, on CCTV? SureIt s a great TV programpurpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the publicA whichB thatC whatD whose【答案】 D【解析】【详解】句意:你喜欢CCT
7、V的每周脱口秀节目朗读者吗?当然这是一个很棒的电视节目,其目的是把阅读习惯带回公众先行词a great TV program,关系词在定语从句中做purpose 的定语,故用关系代词whose 故选 D9 Tomorrow is Father WhatsDay. s your surprise for your father?The first thing_ I will do is to make a card for him.A whoB whereC whoseD that【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意: 明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜? 我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片
8、。A. who 谁; B. where 哪里; C. whose 谁的; D. that 用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing ,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that 。故选D。10 The movie _ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth . B which C where A whoD when【答案】 B【解析】【详解】句意:我看过两次的电影是流浪地球。A. who 谁,指人的引导词;B. which 哪一个,指物的引导词;C. where 哪里,指地点
9、;D. when 什么时间,指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie,因此引导词用which 。故选 B。11 Do you know the boy over there?The oneis holding a ball? Oh, thatA whatB which【答案】 C s my neighbor Phil.C whoD不填【解析】【详解】句意: 你认识那边那个男孩吗? 那个拿着球的人?哦,他是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句。A. what 什么; B. which 哪一个; C. who 谁。 what 引导的是主语,表语和宾语从句。what不能引导定语从句。因为定语从
10、句是形容词性质的。而what所引导的是名词性从句。两者结构不同。所以排除A;分析句子The oneis holding a ball? 的结构可知,本题缺少的是主语,且关系词在定语从句中做主语,不能省略。故选项D 不对;我们知道:who的先行词是人,which的先行词是物。本题的The one是指上文的the boy overthere ,指人的先行词,因此应该用who来引导。故选C。12 My grandparents like stories _ have happy endings.A theyC whichBwhoD /【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考
11、查定语从句。先行词stories(故事)表示物,需用关系代词that 或 which ,引导词同时做从句的主语,根据句意结构,故选C。13 Look! This is the photoI took in Beijing World Gardening Expo(世界园艺博览会)in2019 Wow , so great!A whatB whoC whereD that【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意: 看!这是我2019 年在北京世界园艺博览会拍的照片。考查定语从句的关系代词,what 不用在定语从句中,who 先行词为人,在从句中作主语或者宾语,where先行词为地点,在从句中作状语,tha
12、t先行词为人或物,在从句中做主语或宾语,the photo为先行词,从句中缺宾语,句意理解为看!这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会上拍的照片哇,很不错故选D。14 When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life_ a group of people have incommon.A whatB whoC whereD that【答案】 D【解析】【详解】句意:当我们说起文化的时候,我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意:当我们说起文化的时候,我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。逗号后面的句中是含有定语从句的复合句,先行
13、词是life ,表示 “物 ”,用引导词that ,在从句中做宾语。what不能引导定语从句。先行词是“人”,引导词常用who 。 where在定语从句中做地点状语。故选D。【点睛】引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who,whom, as ;关系副词有 when, where, why 。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。15 Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place _ well visit next week.A tha
14、tBwhoC whereD whom【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:阳新的仙岛湖是我们下周要参观的著名的地方。本句考查定语从句,先行词是 place,从句意来看,其在定语从句中作visit 的宾语,指事物,因此关系词用that 。故选 A。考点:考查定语从句。16 You look smart in the T- shirt _ your daughter bought for you.Thanks a lot.A whichB whoC whomD whose【答案】 A【解析】本题考查定语从句。根据句意“你穿上那件你女儿为你买的衣服看起来很时尚”。先行词为the T-shirt ,指物,
15、在从句中做宾语。 A. which 指物,做主语和宾语; B.指人,做主语和宾语; C.whom 指人,做宾语; D. whose 指人和物,做定语。故选 A。【点睛】作定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。17 “ Underground” is the only word in the English language _ begins and ends with theletters“ und ”.A whatB thatC whoD whom【答案】 B【解析】【分析】【详解】试题分析:句
16、意:在英语中“underground 是”唯一一个开头和结尾都用字母组合“und”的单词。此处先行词word 有不定代词the only 来修饰,故用关系代词that 来引导。 故选 B。18 Why are you so worried?-I ve lost the watch _ my dad bought me on my birthday.A whatB whoC whoseD which【答案】 D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意: 你为什么如此担心?我把那块我生日时爸爸买给我的手表弄丢了。考查定语从句,先行词是 watch 表示物,故关系代词只能用 which 或 that ; wha
17、t 不引导定语从句; who 的先行词是人; whose 表示所属;故选 D。19 Paul suncle is the mantaught us Chinese last year.A whereB whichC who【答案】 C【解析】试题分析:句意:保罗的叔叔是那个去年教我们中文的人。本题考查定语从句的用法,根据先行词是人,可知关系词用 who 。故选 C。考点:考查定语从句的关系词。20 What do you think of lemon? Terrible. I like fruit _ tastes sweet.A whoB whatC whichD when【答案】C【解析】
18、【分析】试题分析:句意:你认为柠檬怎么样?很糟糕,我喜欢甜的水果。A. who在定语从句中指人; B. what 不能用作定语从句的关联词;C. which指物;D. when指代时间。关系代词 which 指代 fruit ,在定语从句中做主语。考点:考查关系代词的用法。【详解】请在此输入详解!21 Do you know the man_ gave out food a few days ago?A whoB whichC whoseD whether【答案】A【解析】句意:你认识那个几天前分发食物的男士吗?这里是定语从句。A. who引导定语从句,先行词是指人的;在定语从句中做宾语或主语
19、;B. which引导定语从句,先行词是指物的;在定语从句中做宾语或主语;C. whose 引导定语从句,先行词是指人或指物的;在定语从句中做定语;D. whether是否。不能引导定语从句。The man先行词,是指人的,故选A。22 -I ve been thinking about those uestionsqyou asked me last week.-Oh, really? Have you got any valuable idea?A whichB whoC whatD why【答案】A【解析】句意: 我一直在思考那些你上周问的那些问题。 哦,真的吗?你有任何宝贵的意见吗?w
20、hich引导定语从句,作主语或宾语,修饰事物。who引导定语从句,作主语,修饰人;what位于名词性从句中做主语,宾语,表语,表示事物;why引导定语从句,作状语,修饰表示原因的名词。先行词questions 表示事,故用代词which 引导定语从句,故选A。23 -Why are you so worried?-I ve lost the watch _ my uncle bought me yesterday.A whomB whoC whose【答案】 DD which【解析】句意: 你为什么这么担心?昨天我把叔叔给我买的手表丢了。此句考查定语从句的关联词,先行词watch 指物,关联词
21、要用点睛:关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代词有that/which ,故答案为D。that, which, who, whom, whosewho 指人,在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Football is a g
22、ame which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。24 This is the most beautiful place_I have ever visited.A whichB thatC whom【答案】 B【解析】D who句意:这是我参观过的最美的地方。在定语从句中,当先行词由形容词或副词最高级修饰时,从句的引导词应用 that 。根据语境可知应选 B。25 Reading is a wonderful thing. It can
23、take you to places _ you have never visited.A whereB whichC whatD who【答案】B【解析】句意:读书是一件好事,它能把你带到一个你从来没有参观过的地方。这里考查定语从句,先行词是places;定语从句中缺少句子的宾语,where在定语从句中作状语,故排除A; what 不能引导定语从句;who 引导定语从句的时,先行词是人的。中可以作宾语或主语,先行词可以指的是地点的词。故选B。Which在定语从句26 The young man _ is a friend of mine.A who I had a talkB whom I
24、had a talk withC whom I had a talkD which I had a talk with【答案】B【解析】句意:和我交谈的那个年轻人是我的一个朋友。短语have a talk with sb和某人交谈;空格处是定语从句,先行词man是指人的,关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,故选B。27 The photo _ taken by my brother last week is very nice.A which wereBthat isC that wereD which was【答案】 D【解析】试题分析:句意:上周我哥哥拍的照片非常漂亮。此处是定语从句修
25、饰先行词根据时间短语last week 可知此处用一般过去时,故排除B 项。因为先行词数形式,故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。考点:考查定语从句的用法。the photo ,the photo 是单28 Most students enjoy having lessons _ are interesting and lively.A thatB whatC whoD whose【答案】 A【解析】句意:大多数学生喜欢有趣的充满活力的课堂。此句考查定语从句的关联词,what 不能引导定语从句,先行词lessons 指物,要由that/which来引导,作定语从句的主语,故答案为A。29
26、Do you know the first man _ is talking to our teacher ?A whomB whoC thatD which【答案】C【解析】句意:你认识和我们老师谈话的第一个人吗?根据语义可知,本句为限制性定语从句。A.whom关系词,谁,宾格;B. who关系词,谁,主格;C. that关系词,指人或物;D. which关系词,哪一个。本题中the first man为先行词,关系词使用that 。在限制性定语从句中,当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时,只能用that 。故选C。30 Most students like the teachersunderstand them well.A whichB whoC whereD when【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:绝大多数的学生都喜欢能够很好理解他们的老师。分析:考查定语从句的用法,先行词是the teacher, 先行词在从句中作主语,因此引导词用who.故选 B考点:考查定语从句的用法。