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初中英语定语从句的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案).docx

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1、(英语)初中英语定语从句的技巧及练习题及练习题( 含答案 )一、定语从句1Is there anythingto you ?Athat is belongBthat belongCthat belongsDwhich belongs【答案】 C【解析】试题分析:句意:这还有属于你的东西吗?此题考查定语从句,因为是词,故用that, 和固定短语belong to 属于。 belong 是个动词,不能和主语,应按第三人称单数处理。根据句意,故选C。【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。anythingis 连用。还有是不定代that 作2This is the dictionary _ Mum gave

2、 me for my birthday.A whichB whatC whoseD whom【答案】 A【解析】【详解】句意:这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。这里是定语从句,先行词是为物时用which ; what 不能引导定语从句;先行词指人时用who;当先行词为物主代词时用whose。本题先行词为dictionary ,字典是物,所以用关系词which 。故选 A。3This is the most beautiful picture _ I have ever seen.A thatB whichC whatD who【答案】A【解析】句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行

3、词被最高级修饰时,引导词应用that 。结合句意和语境可知选A。点睛:限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况:当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing ( something 除外) , all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词时,或当先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时。如:Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossi

4、ble tohim in the world. 注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who 。如: Any man that /who has a sense of duty won t do such任a何thing有责.任感的人都不会做这样的事。All theguests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有被邀请参加婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first American movie that Iwatched was the Titanic. 3. 当先

5、行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best museumthat I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如:She is the only person that understands me.注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如:Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。如: Who

6、is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前面的那个人是谁? Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间?当先行词人与物时。如:Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.当先行词是reason, way(方法)等词时,关系代词常用that 代替 in which, for which, why,也常可省略。如:She admired the way ( that ) they solv

7、ed the questions.4I will never forget the fire _ happened in Shanghai last year.A whenBwhereC whatD which【答案】 D【解析】【分析】考点:考查定语从句。【详解】试题分析:句意:我将永远不会忘记去年上海发生的火灾。先行词the fire从句要用 which 引导。 what 不引导定语从句; when 先行词是时间; where 点;根据题意,故选 D。是物,故其定语先行词是地5What are you looking for?I m looking for the book _ you b

8、ought last Sunday.A whoB whenC that【答案】 C【解析】句意: 你正在寻找什么?我正在寻找上周日你买的那本书。who 引导定语从句 ,修饰人,作定语从句的主语或宾语;when 引导定语从句,作状语;that 引导定语从句,修饰事物或人,作主语或宾语。此处修饰的先行词the book 是事物,作定语从句谓语bought 的宾语,故用that 引导定语从句,故选C。6This is the booktells many English stories.A whatB whichC who【答案】 B【解析】试题分析:句意:这是那本讲诉很多英语故事的书。此处定语从句

9、修饰先行词book, 故排除 what 和 who ,此处关系代词 which 在定语从句中作主语。故选B。【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。7What are you looking for? I m looking for the storybookyou lent to me last week.A whoB whichC when【答案】 B【解析】【详解】句意 “-你正在找什么?-我正在找你上周借给我的故事书”。本题考查定语从句。A.who 指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B.which 指物,在从句中作主语和宾语; C.when 表示时间,在从句中作状语。本句话中,先行词为the sto

10、rybook ,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故选B。【点睛】做定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。8 Tomorrow is Father s Day. What s your surprise for your father?The first thing_ I will do is to make a card for him.A whoB whereC whoseD that【答案】 D【解析】【详解】句意: 明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜? 我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。

11、A. who 谁; B. where 哪里; C. whose 谁的; D. that 用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that 来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing ,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that 。故选 D。9Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman_used the special power of the plant to save _lives.A which, millions ofBwho, millions ofC w

12、hose, million ofD who, million of【答案】 B【解析】【详解】句意:青蒿是中国常见的一种植物,而屠呦呦是利用这种植物的特殊力量拯救数百万人生命的女人。考查定语从句的关系代词和数词短语。本句先行词the woman 是人,关系词在定语从句中做主语,可知使用关系代词who ;短语 millions of :数以百万的;故选B。10 -Have you got ready for the soccer game ?-Yes, Ive done everything _ I can to win the game.A whoB thatC which【答案】 B【解析】

13、【详解】句意: 你准备好参加足球比赛了吗? 是的,我已经尽我所能来赢得比赛。本题考查定语从句的连接词, who 的先行词是人, that 的先行词是人或物, which 的先行词是物。当先行词是不定代词时,只能用that ,不能用which ,故答案为B。【点睛】引导定语从句的关系代词有:可用 that 或 who ,指物时可用that (指人或物),which (指物), who (指人)。指人时that 或 which ,但有时只能用that 不能用 which 。常见的情况有下列五种:当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例

14、如:Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么可以为你做的吗?All that can be done must be done. 凡是能做的都必须做。当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一 。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有the only, the

15、very, the same, the last 等修饰时。例如:My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。当王句以复。例如:who 或 which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用 which或who 。以避免重Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that 不用 which 。例如:The writer and his novel that you have just talked about a

16、re really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。11 On Monday April 15 , 2019, the fire_broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Parisshocked the world A thatB whoC where【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意: 2019 年 4 月 15 日,周一,巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。A. that 先行词是人或物,B. who 先行词是人; C. where 先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是fire ,指物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词用which/th

17、at 。故答案为A。【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?( who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物

18、,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which 互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构,因此常常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where ( in which ) I

19、was born. 北京是我的出生地。12 My grandparents like stories _ have happy endings.A theyBwhoC whichD /【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories(故事)表示物,需用关系代词that 或 which ,引导词同时做从句的主语,根据句意结构,故选C。13 -Only You is a TV programis popular with most young people.-Yes, it is definitely true.A thatB whoseC wha

20、tD who【答案】 A【解析】句意: 只有你是一个深受大多数年轻人喜爱的电视节目。是的,这是千真万确的。本题考查定语从句的关联词,what不能引导定语从句,首先排除C; that的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whose先行词指人或物,在定语从句中作定语;who的先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语。本句的先行词TV program指物,在定语从句中作主语,故答案为A。点睛:在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的

21、先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?( who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which 互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3) which, th

22、at 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构,因此常常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where ( in which ) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。14 Success will belong to thosenever say“ impossible” .A whomB whatC whoD Which【答案】 C【解析】试题分析:句意:成功属于那

23、些永远不说不可能的人。此处考的是定语从句,先行词是those 那些人,而且关系代词在句中做主语,所以用who,选 C; whom 可指代人,但做宾语; which 只能指物,故选 C。考点:考查定语从句。15 Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday.A whatB whichC whenD who【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。定语从句先行词 had 的宾语,故用 yesterday 中作the discussion 是物,在定语从句which 引导此定语从句,所以选you

24、 had with your dad B。16 Yu Guangzhong is a famous writer and poet_ wrote the well-known poemNostalgia(乡愁)and passed away on December 14th , 2017.A whoB whichC whatD whose【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:余光中是一位著名的作家和诗人,曾写过著名的乡愁,于2017 年 12 月 14 日去世。考查定语从句。A. who 谁; B. which 哪一个; C. what 什么; D. whose 谁的;由题干可知本题考查定语从句,先

25、行词指的是人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who 来引导;故答案选A。17 Chinese Spelling Hero is a popular TV show _ focuses on Chinese character writingamong teenagers.A thatB whoC whomD what【答案】 A【解析】试题分析:句意:汉字英雄是一个受欢迎的电视节目,侧重于青少年的汉字书写。此句是个复合句 -定语从句,先行词TV show 是物,先行词是物时用引导词that ,在定语从中作主语,结合句意和语境可知选A。考点:考查定语从句。18 I like the teacher

26、s _ explain things well. What about you? Me, too.A whoB whichC whomD whose【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:我喜欢解释东西解释得好的老师,你呢?-我也是。_ explainthings well做teachers的定语从句,根据先行词是人物,引导词在从句中做主语,故选A。考点:考查定语从句的用法。19 What did you do in today s history class? We talked about the characters _ achieve fame in our Chinese history.

27、A whenB whatC whereD who【答案】 D【解析】D试题分析:句意:你们在今天的历史课上做了什么?我们谈论了在我们的中国历史上有名望的人物。此句考查定语从句,先行词characters 指人,故关联词用who, 在从句中作主语,答案为D。考点:考查定语从句的关联词。20 (题文) There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week.A whoB whenC whatD which【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:在我们上周参观的那个公园里有一个花展。修饰先行词the park的定语从句中,谓语动词vis

28、ited后缺少宾语,故用代词which 。故选D。考点:考查定语从句。21 Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。22 -Why are you so worried?-I ve lost the watch _ my uncle bought me yesterday.A whomB whoC whoseD which【答案】D【解

29、析】句意: 你为什么这么担心?昨天我把叔叔给我买的手表丢了。此句考查定语从句的关联词,先行词watch 指物,关联词要用点睛:关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代词有that/which ,故答案为D。that, which, who, whom, whosewho指人,在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公

30、共汽车上谈论的那个人。Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。23 The rich man is very kind and helpful to the people _ have difficulties.A whichB whomC whoD what【答案】C【解析】句意:那个富人对有困难的人非常善良,而且爱帮助。which引导定

31、语从句修饰事,作主语或宾语; whom 引导定语从句,修饰人,作宾语或表语;who 引导定语从句修饰人,作主语或宾语; what 引导名词性从句,作主语,宾语或表语。此处先行词people ,表示人,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,故用who 引导。故选C。24 What kind of movies do you like? I like the movies _ are about Chinese history.A whoB whomC whose【答案】 DD that【解析】试题分析:句意:你喜欢哪种类型的电影?我喜欢那些关于中国历史的电影。本题考查定语从句的引导词,指代movies 在定

32、语从句中作主语,用关系代词that 或 which, 故选D。考点:考查定语从句的用法。25 -Do you know the boys_ playing football on the playground?-Yes,They are all from Class 1.A who areB who isC that is【答案】 A【解析】句意: 你知道那个在操场上踢足球的男孩子吗? 知道。他们都来自一班。考查定语从句。先行词为 boys,关系词 who, that 都可以;先行词在从句中作主语,因此谓语和它保持一致,用复数。故选 A。26 Do you know the first man

33、 _ is talking to our teacher ?A whomB whoC thatD which【答案】C【解析】句意:你认识和我们老师谈话的第一个人吗?根据语义可知,本句为限制性定语从句。A.whom关系词,谁,宾格;B. who关系词,谁,主格;C. that关系词,指人或物;D. which关系词,哪一个。本题中the first man为先行词,关系词使用that 。在限制性定语从句中,当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时,只能用that 。故选C。27 Tom, could you lend me the book _ you talked about yesterday

34、?Sure, here you are.A whichB whatC who【答案】 A【解析】句意: - 汤姆,你能借给我你昨天谈到的那本书吗?-当然了,给你。A.哪个 B.什么 C.谁,本题考查定语从句的关系代词,you talked about yesterday 部分使用来修饰“book”的,描述这本书是 “你昨天谈到的”那本书,所以是book 的定语从句,先行词book 在定语从句中做宾语(做talk about 的宾语),故选用关系代词that/which ,故选 A。28 Confucius was a great thinkerhad many wise ideas about

35、 human nature.A whoB whichC /【答案】 A【解析】句意:孔子是一位伟大的思想家,他对人性有很多明智的想法。考查定语从句。who用于先行词是人时,which 用于先行词是物时。先行词thinker (思想家)是人,需用who 引导,引导词做从句的主语,不可省略;根据句意语境,可知选A。29 (题文) Do you know about Yuan Longping?Only a little. But Chinese people are proud of the man _ hybrid riceis famous.A whoB whichC thatDwhose【答

36、案】 D【解析】试题分析:句意为:-你了解袁隆平吗?-一点点。但是中国人以这位他的杂交水稻闻名于世的人感到自豪。根据语境可知,这里包含一个定语从句,从句的引导词根据先行词而定。 who :指人, which :指物,that :可指人或物,whose :指物主。根据语境可知,这里指物主,故应选D。考点:考查定语从句。30 -Chris, the West Lake is so attractive!-Yeah, the West Lake is the most beautiful place_I have ever visited.A whatB whoC that【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意: 克里斯,西湖太迷人了!是啊,西湖是我去过的最美丽的地方。此题考查定语从句。what不可作关系词,故排除A。关系代词who指人;关系代词that既可指人,也可指物。此句先行词place是物,故用关系代词that 。故选C。

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