1、形容词和副词I. 形容词、副词的作用与位置1.形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种情况须牢记：几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语 (The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(大小 )+ shape(形状 )+ age(年龄、时间 )+ color( 颜色 )+origin( 国籍、来源 )+material( 材料 )+ purpose(目的 )+名词 ;a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the man s fi
2、rst tow interesting little red French oil paitings熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。形容词短语作定语，定语后置;a language difficult to master,a leaning tower about 180 feet highThis is a student worth of praise.They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.表语形容词 (afraid 、 alike 、
3、 alone、asleep、 awake、 alive 等 )作定语，定语后置 ; a man alive：活着的人有些表身体健康状况的形容词如定语意为 “bad”;形容词作定语修饰由不定代词等时，通常后置;well 、 faint 、 ill 只作表语。 sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作one、no、any、some 和 every 构成的复合词如anything 、somethingI have something important to tell you. enough、 nearby 修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，词、副词时，必须后置; else
4、常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语;几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点 时间 ;enough修饰形容频度副词如 often 、 always、 usually 等在 be 动词后，行为动词前 ; 副词作定语，定语后置 ;The person there is waiting for you.复合形容词常用作定语，个别也可以作表语。He was a 12-year-old boy.He is good-natured.II. 连系动词与形容词象 get, grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go
5、,turn,remain 等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。请看下面这道选择题： We dont care if a hunting dog smells_,but we really dont want him to smell_.A. well; wellB. bad; badlyC. well; badlyD. badly; bad第一个 “smell是”“闻起来 ”的意思，是连系动词，用形容词。第二个 “smell是”实义动词，用副词来修饰 ; well B 们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻，但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力
6、差。III. 形容词、副词比较等级的用法形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式如下：规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er， -est 来构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加 -er,-est 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少数以 -le 结尾的双音节词只加 -r,-st以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -er,-esttalltallerTallestnicenicerNicestbigbiggerBiggest 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的双音busybusierBusiest节词，改 y 为 i，再加 -er， -e
7、st少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节cleverclevererCleverest词未尾加 -er,-estnarrownarrowerNarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，importantmore importantmost important在前面加 more，most 来构成比较easilymore easilymost easily级和最高级不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterBestbad/illworseWorstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/
8、furtherfarthest/furthest注意： many, old 和 far 比较级及最高级用法的区别如果后接名词时，much more + 不可数名词，many more + 可数名词复数。 old 有两种比较级和最高级形式 : older/oldest 和 elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. far 有两种比较级， farther ， further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中， fath
9、er 表示距离， further 表示进一步I have nothing further to say.1.原级的用法表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用 “as+原级形容词 /副词 + as ”的结构 ;表示双方不相等时，用 “not so(as)+原级形容词 / 副词 + as”的结构 ;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as+原级形容词 /副词 + as ”的结构。Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .2.比较级的用法双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用 “比较级
10、 +than ”的结构表示 ; This picture is more beautiful than that one.注意 ： 比较对象的一致性The weather in China is different from_ _.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America要避免将主语包含在比较对象中(错 )China is larger than any country in Asia.(对 )China is larger than any other countries in Asia.注意比较对象的省略或隐
11、藏：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的 象。I don t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen_.A. betterB. worseC. the bestD. the worstIt takes a long time to go there by train; its _by road.A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker表示一方不及另一方 ，用“less+原 +than ”的 构表示 ;This room is less beautif
12、ul than that one.表示一方超 另一方的程度或数量 ，可在比 前加表示程度的状 ，如 even、a lot 、a bit 、a little 、still 、 much、far、 yet、by fay 等修 ;He works even harder than before.注意： by far 通常用于 最高 。用于比 ，一般放在比 的后面，如在前面， 在二者 加“ the。”He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而 化 ， 用“th
13、e +比 (主 +谓语 )，the +比 (主 +谓语 ) ”的 构 (意为 “越 越 ” );The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改 ，用“比 + and+比 ”的 构 ;The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以 -ior 尾的形容 行比 ，用 to 代替 than。 些 有 inferior( 劣等的，次的 )、superior( 较好的， 于 )、 junior( 浅的 )、 se
14、nior( 格 老的 )、 prior( 在 之前 )等 ;He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比 从句中 了避免重复，我 通常用that(those)、 one(ones)代替前面出 的名 。既可指人又可指物。that 可代替可数名 数和不可数名 ，而one 只能代替可数名 ;that指物 ,oneThe book on the table is more interesting than that( 或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wo
15、od.否定 +比 构用否定形式表示肯定意 。要掌握 构的用法， 注意以下几点： 构多 “ cant /couldnt + 比 ”的形式I cant agree with you more. 我再同意你的意 不 了。(或：我完全同意你的意 。)The weather couldnt be worse. 天气再糟糕不 了。He couldnt have done better. 他做得再好不 了。 用于 构中的否定 除了not 之外， 有no， never ，nothing 等This could give her no greater pleasure. 使她再高 不 了。Theres noth
16、ing cheaper. 西再便宜不 了。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 当 构中的比 less ，其意 “一点也不 ” 比 ： He couldnt care more. 他非常介意。 (或：他最关心不 了。)He couldnt care less.他毫不介意。(或：他最漠不关心了。) more than can。 种句型形式上是肯定， 上有否定含 The boys in the street have become very insolent and i
17、t is more than flesh and blood can bear.The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.3.最高 的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度 用 “the +最高 ”的 构表示。 种句式一般常有表示比 范 的介 短 ;Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高 可被序数 以及 much、by far 、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite 、not really
18、、nothing like 等 所修 ;This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. 表示 “最高程度 ”的形容 ，如 excellent 、 extreme、 perfect 等，没有最高 ，也没有比 。4.形容 和副 前面使用冠 的情况形容 最高 前一般要加定冠 ，副 最高 前可不加冠 ;形容 最高 前有 加不定冠 ，或不加冠 ，不表比 ，表示“非常 ”;He is a most clever young polic
19、eman.(most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very) as+形容 +a+ 数名 ;This is as good an example as the other is.表示两者 “ 的一个 ”比 前加who is the older of the tow boys?5.由 as/so 成的形容 或副 短 as much as + 不可数名 ：多达the; as many as + 可数名 ：多达 as early as：早在 as far as： 到 ;就 而知 (论 ) may (might, could)as well ：不妨、不
20、如 as as can be：到了最 的程度，极其 as as one can：尽其所能 as as possible：尽可能Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.6.more /less than 及其相关 构第一 more than+具体数字 =over：多于、超 He spoke English more than two years.( 两年多 )more than+ 名 /动词 /形容 /副 ：不 not more than：不超 ， 多 =at most no more than： ，只不 less than：少于、不足
21、 Their car broke down where they drove less than five miles.(不到五英里 )less than+名 / 形容 ： He is less than pleased to have visitors. not less than： 以上，至少 =at leastHe has not less than 2oo dollars.( 至少 200 美元 ) no less than：不会少于 ，与 一 ， 直就 It is no less than robbery to ask me for so much.第二 more+形容 /副 /名
22、+than ：比 更I have found that he is a more efficient worker than any other one. morethan ：与其 不如 He is not more an artist than a philosopher. not more than ：不如 ，不及 You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔 。She was not more pleased than I was.她不及我开心。 no+ 比 +than： . ，最多 ，只不 ，和 一 不 This kind of plant gr
23、ows no higher than one inch.The officials could see no more than the Emperor.He is no more a good player than I am. less+形容 /副 /名 than：比 更少，不如 Jane is less beautiful than Suan.He is less slow than lazy at his work.=He is more lazy than slow at his work. not lessthan：不比 少，不 于 She is not less charming
24、 than her daughter.她跟她女儿一 有魅力。 no less than：不会比 差，正如 一 ”A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚不会比狗笨吧!IV .容易混淆的形容 、副 的辨析1.下列 以-ly 尾，但却是形容 而非副 deadly,friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,silly,lively,brotherly,weekly等。2.有无 ly 的副 意 、用法有 意 用法不同close-closelyhard-hardlymost-mostlylate-lately具体和抽象
25、的关系They buried the body very deep.他 把尸体埋得很深。(具体 )His words deeply moved me.他的 深深地打 了我。(抽象 ) 似的 ：high/highly, wide/widely, wide/widely4.搭配特 的形容 和副 英 中有些形容 和副 与名 、 、或另一形容 等的搭配与 不完全一 ，在平 学 中通 运用要把它 掌握好。特 要 住下列与 不同的表达方法：well worth 很 得 wide awake 很清醒 fast/sound asleep 睡得很香largely due to 主要因 greatly respe
26、cted /honoured 很受尊敬 badly/seriously hurt/injured 得很 重rain/snow hard/heavily 下大雨 (大雪 ) large/small population 人口多 (少 )heavy traffic 交通堵塞5.体 两句 关系的 接性副 解决 ，首先要弄清形容 和副 真正含 ，在解 要弄清上下文的 关系。常用的此 有：besides而且、 再 ,instead 而是，反而 ,though 不 ，可是，然而 ,however 不 ，仍然，然 而 ,thus/therefore因 此 ， 所 以 ,furthermore/moreove
27、r此 外 ， 而 且 ， 再 者 ,otherwise/or否 则 ， 不然 ,anyhow/anyway 反正，不管怎 ,even so 即便如此，即使 ,or rather 更确切地 等等。 Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;_ , it caused 20 deaths.A. or else B. therefore C.
28、 after all D. besides Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. _ , their political influence should be very great. (2006A. As a result B. As usual C. Even so D. So far6.too much 和 much too 的区别【高考预测】1. Why don t you like the shirt? Its neck is not big for me at all. Have you got a shirt o
29、f this kind with _ neck? A. the biggest B. a far bigger C. by far the biggest D. a more bigger2. The temperature today is 10 below zero. Oh, it s _cold.A. the most B. the more C. most D. much more3. Do you think him naughty enough? I m afraid he s _than naughty.A. more clever B. clever C. much cleve
30、r D. much more clever4.Exercise is _as any other to lose unwanted weight.A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way5._ _, the boys were shouting and singing.A. Happy and excitedB. Happily and excitedly C.To be happy and excited D.To be happily and excitedly6.I m gl
31、ad to say that he s already finished _50% of the book in these three days.A.no less thanB. no more thanC. not more thanD. much less than7.The US is about the same size as China, but its population is five times_ _.A.as littleB. smallerC. as fewD. fewer8. Are you going to the football game?No, the ti
32、ckets are _expensive for me.A.very muchB. so muchC. far tooD. highly9.The little town has now grown into a modern big city, and is _ what it used to be.A.twice the size than B. two times the size as C. twice the size as D. twice the size of10. What do you think of the plan?I feel _that we ought to g
33、ive it up at once.A. strongB. strongerC. stronglyD. it strong11.To handle the financial crisis, the new government has to work more _ with other nations, especiallythe less-affected ones.A. formallyB. smoothlyC. carefullyD. closely12.The more teenagers watch actors smoking in films, the more _ they
34、are to take up the habit ofsmoking themselves.A. likelyB. simplyC. probablyD. possibly13. Haven t you seen the speed limit sign? Please drive _.Sorry, but I have to.A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit14. This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our
35、course. But I think his latest one is _ worth reading.A.betterB. moreC. mostD. very15.After hearing the managers stating their future plan, Mr.Brown came back home, _.A.excited and hopefullyB.exciting and hopefulC.excited and hopefulD.excitingly and hopefully16. Do you think the weather is good enou
36、gh for an outing?Yes, you couldn t hope for _at the time of the year. A. a nice day B. the nicer day C. a nicer day D. the nicest day17.This kind of fried chickens sells _, mainly because it tastes _ _. A. well; good B. good; well C. to be good; well D. to be well; good18.How exciting this football
37、match is!Have you ever watched_ one?A.a betterB.another betterC.a much too better D.a very good19.With the help of the new equipment, our factory produced _ VCD players in 2009 as the yearbefore.A. as many as twice B. twice more than C. as twice many D. twice as many20.In the eyes of Premier Wen Jia
38、bao, there is never _thing as far as peasants are concerned.A. too small aB. a too smallC. such small aD. a such small21.He s _ working in Germany as a representative of a Chinese company.A.latelyB.recentlyC.presentlyD.likely22. You know our manager has been in hospital for days? Yes. I wonder if he
39、 is _ better now.A. anyB. someC. veryD.too23. Are you satisfied with her work, sir? Not at all. It couldn t be any _.A. better B. best C. worse D. worst24.On the third floor there are two rooms, _ is used as a meeting-room.A.one of themB. the larger of whichC. and a larger of them D. the largest one
40、 of which25.People are always on the go , so they spend their weekend on housework .A.mostB.almostC.mostlyD.nearly26.These natural parks are very important for preserving many animals, which would _ run the risk ofbecoming extinct.A.otherwiseB. thereforeC. neverthelessD. however27. Have your working
41、 conditions improved? No, _ than before, I m afraid.A. no better B. a little better C. not worse D. no worse28.My parents want me to take_maths lessons at the weekend, but I want to play and have fun.29.The dress is really fashionable and eye-catching, but it is _ too big for me.30.It took _ buildin
42、g supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than 31. You re not worried about your English, are you? No, certainly not. Not Chinese, not math and _ English.32.I m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had _ today.A. as tiring a day as B. as a tiring day C. tiring as a day as D. day as a tiring as33. It is said that the number of Chinese characters you can type on y
